...Syllabus Cambridge International A Level Further Mathematics Syllabus code 9231 For examination in June and November 2013 Contents Cambridge A Level Further Mathematics Syllabus code 9231 1. Introduction ..................................................................................... 2 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Why choose Cambridge? Why choose Cambridge International A Level Further Mathematics? Cambridge Advanced International Certificate of Education (AICE) How can I find out more? 2. Assessment at a glance .................................................................. 5 3. Syllabus aims and objectives ........................................................... 7 4. Curriculum content .......................................................................... 8 4.1 Paper 1 4.2 Paper 2 5. Mathematical notation................................................................... 17 6. Resource list .................................................................................. 22 7 Additional information.................................................................... 26 . 7 .1 7 .2 7 .3 7 .4 7 .5 7 .6 Guided learning hours Recommended prior learning Progression Component codes Grading and reporting Resources Cambridge A Level Further Mathematics 9231. Examination in June and November 2013. © UCLES 2010 1. Introduction 1.1 Why choose Cambridge? University of Cambridge International Examinations (CIE) is the world’s largest provider of international...
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...doctors, lawyers, scientists). Much of their social function is communicative, and as a public we rely in various ways on these communications. Access to experts and expert information is largely a function of media. As our information and communication media have evolved in recent years, so too must our methods for assessing the accuracy, truthfulness and usefulness of information. The current study examines how modern media, particularly television and the internet, have affected communication both between experts and the public, and among communities of experts. This is demonstrated by the analysis various forms of expert communications: a scientific journal article, news coverage of a political event, and televised advertisements for law firms. It is argued that the greater the premium a society places on specialized knowledge and skills, the more we are obligated to trust experts, and this entails a greater responsibility of “the media” to connect the public to experts in transparent and useful ways. Trust the Experts: The Importance of Media in Connecting Experts to the Public Contemporary “first world” society relies heavily on specialization and the distribution of labour. The complexity of our collective activities is beyond the capacity of any individual, and thus social responsibilities are divided largely on the basis of profession (Mieg, 2006). We entrust doctors with our health, lawyers with our legal issues, teachers with our educations, government...
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...[Writer’s Name] [Institute’s Name] Introduction Employment law Employment law is the branch of law which governs the creation, operation and termination of employment, determines the mode of co-workers; the measure establishes safety and disposition of labour disputes. Labour law regulates not processes, and social relations of subjects of labour relations, that is, the social forms of labour. From this point of view of work of the scientist, inventor, writer, and other individual forms of labour are not subject to the regulation of labour law, as performed outside of public relations. Employment law contains rights and obligations of workers and employers. Employment law is characterized by a combination of centralized and local regulations. In the local regulations adopted by agreement of the parties shall be determined daily working hours, set at rest (break), consistent recording of leave and other issues in detail regulate the working conditions of employees. It is important that the rules of local acts do not conflict with federal law. The principle of equality has evolved into demands real equality of opportunity in all areas of life, necessitating the implementation of a full and comprehensive approach to gender equality. It has been important developments in the work related to equality, to equal results, because if people got only equal opportunity, not the liability of government and society in general to guarantee the result and the effectiveness of policies...
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...The Peloponnesian War was a conflict between the Greek city-states, Athens and Sparta, from 431 BC that brought an end to the Hellenic age of Pericles and his empire by the succession of Sparta by the end of the war. Thucydides is seen as a ‘proto-realist’, one of the first realists in the study of politics that wrote in a more theoretical sense, as well as the founding father of International Relations. His study on the History of the Peloponnesian War provides awareness of the conflict and various analyses on the causes of the war by observing the strategic interaction between the states, hierarchy amongst the states along with legitimacy and levels of power to determine the pattern of their relations. Although there are undeniably numerous differences between Thucydides era and our world system today, Thucydides persists to influence contemporary international relations, namely Realism, with many realists frequently referring to the Melian Dialogue when advocating a power-based approach. With Thucydides often portraying insights into human nature, many scholars use his findings as a guide that is still relevant today due to the generality of self-interest, fear and power maximisation that still occurs as it did previously. Thucydides’ relevance today has been greatly perceived through his impact upon political realism in his studies concerning the concept of power politics. Whilst political realism expresses the view that international relations is the battle of self-interested...
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...GCE Religious Studies Advanced GCE Unit G582: Religious Ethics Mark Scheme for January 2011 Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations OCR (Oxford Cambridge and RSA) is a leading UK awarding body, providing a wide range of qualifications to meet the needs of pupils of all ages and abilities. OCR qualifications include AS/A Levels, Diplomas, GCSEs, OCR Nationals, Functional Skills, Key Skills, Entry Level qualifications, NVQs and vocational qualifications in areas such as IT, business, languages, teaching/training, administration and secretarial skills. It is also responsible for developing new specifications to meet national requirements and the needs of students and teachers. OCR is a not-for-profit organisation; any surplus made is invested back into the establishment to help towards the development of qualifications and support which keep pace with the changing needs of today’s society. This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and students, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which marks were awarded by Examiners. It does not indicate the details of the discussions which took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking commenced. All Examiners are instructed that alternative correct answers and unexpected approaches in candidates’ scripts must be given marks that fairly reflect the relevant knowledge and skills demonstrated. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the published question papers and the Report on...
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...of International Society 2013-2014 Part I: Politics 2 (International Relations I) Paper organiser: Professor Christopher Hill (POLIS): Room 105, Alison Richard Building Email: cjh68@cam.ac.uk Lecturers: Professor Hill (CH), Dr Elisabetta Brighi (EB), Dr Aaron Rapport (AR) and Dr Stefano Recchia (SR). Aims and Objectives The course aims to introduce students to the subject of International Relations (IR), whose main focus is the nature of politics at the international level. Students will acquire the empirical and conceptual foundations needed to understand a world political system which cannot be accurately described as either pure anarchy or a coherent form of ‘global governance’. The starting point is the notion of ‘international society’, which refers to the set of institutions and common procedures generated by states over the last three and a half centuries in their attempts to achieve some minimal form of co-existence, but which has gradually evolved to include many non-state actors and different levels of activity – diplomatic, economic and cultural, as well as that of military competition. By the end of the course you should be able to have an informed discussion about: the historical origins of the present system; what is distinctive about international politics as opposed to politics inside the state; and the main challenges which confront humanity in the twenty-first century. You will also acquire a basic familiarity with the main theories needed to think analytically...
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...Syllabus Cambridge International A & AS Level Business Studies Syllabus code 9707 For examination in June and November 2013 Contents Cambridge International A & AS Level Business Studies Syllabus code 9707 1. Introduction ..................................................................................... 2 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Why choose Cambridge? Why choose Cambridge International A & AS Level Business Studies? Cambridge Advanced International Certificate of Education (AICE) How can I find out more? 2. Assessment at a glance .................................................................. 5 3. Syllabus aims and objectives ........................................................... 7 3.1 Aims of the syllabus 3.2 Assessment objectives 4. Curriculum content .......................................................................... 9 4.1 Core syllabus 4.2 Extended syllabus 5. Resource list .................................................................................. 38 6. Appendix: International terminology.............................................. 43 7 Additional information.................................................................... 45 . 7 .1 7 .2 7 .3 7 .4 7 .5 7 .6 Guided learning hours Recommended prior learning Progression Component codes Grading and reporting Resources Cambridge A & AS Level Business Studies 9707 Examination in June and November 2013. . © UCLES 2010 1. Introduction 1.1 Why choose Cambridge? University of Cambridge International...
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...The Subject, Object, Addressee and Source Analysis of The Right to Development (RTD) | 2011 | By Giday Meles | | The Right to Development The Declaration on the Right to Development which clearly stated that the right to development (hereafter RTD) as a human right was adopted by the United Nations in 1986 by an overwhelming majority, with the US casting the single nonconforming vote. The concept of the RTD attracted much attention after it was incorporated in the Declaration on the Right to Development. In spite of such incorporation, however, it is far from clearly establishing the source, content, subject and addressee under the realm of international law and as result it has been subject of contention. By taking what has been stated above as a background, this paper examines the narratives on such issues as ‘the right to development’; ‘the source of right to development’; ‘subject of the right to development’; the object of the right to development’ and ‘the addressee analysis’. In terms of methodology, the paper uses information that will be gathered from books, articles, declarations and covenants as well as official legal documents, and others. The first article of the Declaration on the Right to Development puts the concept of the right to development as ‘an inalienable human right by virtue of which every human person and all peoples are entitled to participate in and contribute to and enjoy economic, social...
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...Introduction Judicial independence, although often argued to be a fundamental concept to the rule of law, democracy and political stability, alarmingly continues to be contested and vague even in economically developed liberal democratic states recognized for the rule of law. This was particularly indicated by leading US constitutional scholar ‘name’, ‘there is a disagreement about whether or how to criticize judges and their decisions, and about whether or how to discipline judges. And, of course, there is pervasive disagreement about whether our judges exhibit too much or too little independence.’ The problems are exaggerated in cases of developing countries with unstable democracies and non-liberal authoritarian regimes. The key objective of this essay is to subject judicial independence and the statements presented on its behalf to critical examination. China is of use when analysing general ideas as it signifies a challenge to the universal understanding about what judicial independence is and why it is important. Although China ‘has never had independent courts’, the country continues to be an effective single-party socialist authoritarian regime, becoming a likely model for other developing states. Judicial Corruption in China It is certainly reasonable to say that judicial independence is an acknowledged theory in the Chinese Constitution. The original 1954 Constitution declared the need for the Supreme People’s Court (SPC) to judge cases independently. In the...
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...diversity of plant and animal life, as well as the varied environments across the globe, an experience that planted the seeds of his evolutionary theory. He was intrigued by his discoveries of the geographical distribution of wildlife and the fossils he collected on voyage. Darwin made many observations that formulated his evolutionary synthesis. Through hands-on research and experimentation, he had the unique opportunity to observe principles of botany, geology and zoology. He visited tropical rainforests and other new habitats that allowed him to discover the existence of plants and animals he had never seen before. He also experienced an earthquake that lifted the ocean floor 2.7 metres above sea level. The rocks he found containing fossil sea shells in mountains high above sea level suggest that continents and oceans changed dramatically over time. He visited rock ledges that clearly were once beaches that had gradually built up over time. Through this, it was evident that slow, steady processes also changed the Earth’s surface. He dug up fossils of gigantic extinct mammals such as the ground sloth, becoming hard evidence that organisms looked...
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...Introduction The monarchy has been described as ‘the keystone in the arch of the British Constitution’. It is, indeed, an extremely significant part of our culture and history, as well as being central to our system of Government. It will therefore be necessary to begin any discussion of the constitutional issues involved in its abolition by outlining the current functions of the head of state in Britain. As ‘a state without a monarch is a republic’, it will then be necessary to consider the constitutional issues which would be implicit in giving effect to such a republic. These issues will include decisions as to the type of president we would have, how they would be selected, and the scope and extent of powers they would possess. This discussion is not intended to be one of the relative merits of a monarchy versus a republic: indeed, the decision to abolish the monarchy has already been made. Rather, it is an attempt to answer the question of how this central feature of our constitution could be replaced. In answering this question, I will look to a possible alternative, namely an elected president, and determine whether, and on what basis they could take over the functions of the monarch. Other constitutional issues regarding the selection of such a President must then be considered, along with other constitutional issues arising in this context. As a preliminary issue, it should be noted that in this hypothetical situation, it is Prince Charles, or rather King...
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...1 JUSTICE, EQUALITY, AND RIGHTS by John Tasioulas For R. Crisp (ed), The Oxford Handbook of the History of Ethics 1. The Nature of Justice Philosophers have advocated many divergent views as to the content of the correct principles of justice. In contemporary philosophy, for example, the live options range from the austere libertarian thesis that the claims of justice are limited to a small class of rights that protect us from coercive interference by others to more radically egalitarian doctrines that mandate the large-scale redistribution of wealth and other goods. But there is a prior, conceptual question: is there an illuminating sense in which these disagreements are aptly described as concerned with justice? Alternatively put, is there a concept of justice of which these rival accounts can be interpreted as offering different conceptions? (Rawls 1971/1999: 5-6). If not, the dispiriting conclusion looms that these disputes are „verbal‟ rather than genuine, like a debate about the nature of „banks‟ in which one party has in mind financial institutions and the other party the sloping bits of land at the sides of rivers. One answer is that the concept of justice marks out the entire domain of moral evaluation, or at least the whole of inter-personal morality, excluding only moral concerns relating purely to oneself or to non-persons, such as animals. This expansive reading of justice – as (inter-personal) moral rightness or virtue – has a venerable pedigree. The Greek...
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...the government (Wilson, 2010). Terrorism influences and is influenced by the political arena. It is linked to the government and has a wider scope of effects that reach beyond the targeted individuals. It mainly depends on the fear of the state’s general public and tries to achieve precise goals such as the freedom of political prisoners. A small group of individuals can cause excessive harm to the state by the use of terrorist activities (Wardlaw, 1982). Terrorism and weapons of mass destruction appear as priorities among the various security threats present to the United States. Less emphasis is put on the other types of threats such as conflict, economic and social threats, crime and nuclear threats (UN Secretary General's High-level Panel on Threats,...
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...Example Candidate Responses (Standards Booklet) Cambridge International AS and A Level Economics 9708 Cambridge Advanced University of Cambridge International Examinations retains the copyright on all its publications. Registered Centres are permitted to copy material from this booklet for their own internal use. However, we cannot give permission to Centres to photocopy any material that is acknowledged to a third party even for internal use within a Centre. © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2012 Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 2 Assessment at a glance ........................................................................................................ 3 Paper 2 ................................................................................................................................. 4 Paper 4 ............................................................................................................................... 77 Introduction Introduction The main aim of this booklet is to exemplify standards for those teaching Cambridge International AS and A Level Economics (9708), and to show how different levels of candidates’ performance relate to the subject’s curriculum and assessment objectives. In this booklet a range of candidate responses has been chosen as far as possible to exemplify good, average and weak answers...
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...Positivism • Realism • International law • Conclusion • List of works cited Introduction Law is a concept of governance that involves the stipulation and establishment of rules and regulations that are enforced to shape politics, economics, and society. It is put in place by various governmental institutions to govern a community. Law moderates our day–to-day lives with regards to human relationships. It has various concepts to it; company law, property law, trust law, criminal law, constitutional law, administrative law, international law, and civil law. The study of law allows for review and revision of these rules and regulations ensuring that none is faulty or biased in any manner to a single party of the human population. Definitions The above mentioned concepts are in light of the various activities we indulge in. Contract law deals with regulation of trade terms relating to establishments of contracts. Property law deals in ownership rights and ownership transfers of personal property. It is often called Chattel law. We can say that Trust law applies to assets that are secured for financial reasons. A concept of law that was not mentioned previously in the introduction part is Tort law. This law enables one to apply for compensation in the case of loss of or damage of personal property (Byers 22). Criminal law establishes the way and reasons for perpetrator prosecution. Constitutional law protects the human rights as well...
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