...Economics 242: Economics of Gender Spring 2013 Professor: Karine Moe Course Preceptor: Sasha Indarte Office: 310F Carnegie Hall Email: moe@macalester.edu Web: http://www.macalester.edu/~moe Phone: 696-6793 Office Hours: Mondays 1:30-2:30, Wednesdays 8:30-9:15, Thursdays 1:30-2:30, other times by appointment Course Description: During the past fifty years, Americans have witnessed dramatic changes in the structure of the family. The changes in marriage, divorce, and fertility rates since the 1960s have been inextricably linked with changes in attitudes towards work and, in particular, with changes in women's work patterns both in and out of the household. In that same time period, economists have come to realize that standard economic theory can be applied to many aspects of family life including marriage, fertility, divorce, and the division of work and leisure within the household. In this course we will use economic theory, both neo-classical and feminist, to explore how gender differences lead to different economic outcomes for men and women, both within families and in the marketplace. Course Prerequisite: Economics 119, Principles of Economics, is a necessary prerequisite, since we will make use of concepts, vocabulary, analytical skills and other tools developed in the Principles course. Course Readings: The following texts are required and can be purchased at the Macalester Bookstore or online. Additional readings will be made available...
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...Summary The play opens in the morning room of Algernon Moncrieff’s flat in London. His servant, Lane, is arranging tea and Algernon is in another room playing the piano. Algernon enters and asks Lane if he has heard him playing. Lane says he did not think it was polite to listen. Algernon tells him that is terrible because while he does not play accurately, he plays with wonderful expression. It becomes apparent that Algernon’s aunt, Lady Bracknell, is coming for tea. The discussion turns to marriage when Algernon asks Lane why servants always drink the champagne during dinner parties. Lane informs him that bachelors always have the best wine. Algernon asks if marriage is so demoralizing. Lane informs us that he was married once but only as the result of a misunderstanding, so he is not sure. Lane exits; Algernon comments that Lane’s views seem lax and the lower orders have no use if they will not set an example. He comments that Lane’s class seems to have a lack of moral responsibility. Unexpectedly, Algernon’s friend Jack Worthing drops in. Jack resides most of the time in the countryside and is visiting town. Lane and Algernon are under the impression that Jack’s name is Ernest and refer to him as so. Jack is happy to learn that Lady Bracknell (Aunt Augusta) and her daughter Gwendolen are coming because he wants to propose marriage to Gwendolen. Algernon says that he will not be able to marry her because he flirts with her, which Aunt Augusta does not like. Furthermore,...
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...I agree on it being a mix. A lot of our characteristics are already in our genes, aspects of race that are being passed by from generation to generation. Those are the things we acquire to survive, things that are mainely based on our environment, and due to evolution these things get embedded in our system. So, in a way, I believe that the Nature aspects are in fact influenced by our environment. The Nurture aspects influence the Nature aspects and vice versa. The skills we are born with influence the things we pick up from our environment. Cause and effect.A big debate in psychology is nature vs nurture. The argument is as to whether a person's gene's (nature) mold them into an individual or whether their environment and how they are raised plays a part. The nature versus nurture debate is one of the oldest issues in psychology. The debate centers on the relative contributions of genetic inheritance and environmental factors to human development. Some philosophers such as Plato and Descartes suggested that certain things are inborn, or that they simply occur naturally regardless of environmental influences. Other well-known thinkers such as John Locke believed in what is known as tabula rasa, which suggests that the mind begins as a blank slate. According to this notion, everything that we are and all of our knowledge is determined by our experience. For example, when a person achieves tremendous academic success, did they do so because they are genetically predisposed to...
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...The Importance of Being Earnest—Oscar Wilde Plot Summary: 1. Mr. Earnest Worthing (Jack) enters Algernon Moncrieff’s flat in the Mayfair section of London’s Went End claiming to be visiting in town for “pleasure”. When Algernon informs him that Lady Bracknell and Gwendolen will be coming by, Jack, delighted, confides in Algernon of his intentions to propose to Gwendolen. 2. Jack and Algernon have a debate over whether the subject of marriage is of “business” or “pleasure” which eventually leads to Algernon confronting Jack about the “cigarette case Mr. Worthing left.” 3. Algernon forces Jack to explain the inscription on the inside of the case: from “little Cecily” to “her dear Uncle Jack”. Jack admits that his name is not Earnest but rather Jack, claiming that he is “Earnest in town and Jack in the country.” 4. Jack tells Algernon about the false brother he created as an excuse to get out of the country. Algernon tells Jack that he has invented a friend call Bunbury whose sudden illnesses give him Algernon a chance to get away to the country. 5. Jack tells Algernon that if Gwendolen consents to marry him then he will “kill off” his imaginary brother Earnest, as “little Cecily” is getting too interested in Earnest. Lady Bracknell and Gwendolen arrive. 6. Algernon tells Lady Bracknell that due to the illness of his friend Bunbury he will be able to keep their dinner appointment. Lady Bracknell replies by voicing her irritation about Bunbury’s...
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...A Vindication of the Rights of Woman by Mary Wollstonecraft AUTHOR'S INTRODUCTION After considering the historic page, and viewing the living world with anxious solicitude, the most melancholy emotions of sorrowful indignation have depressed my spirits, and I have sighed when obliged to confess that either Nature has made a great difference between man and man, or that the civilization which has hitherto taken place in the world has been very partial. I have turned over various books written on the subject of education, and patiently observed the conduct of parents and the management of schools; but what has been the result?--a profound conviction that the neglected education of my fellow-creatures is the grand source of the misery I deplore, and that women, in particular, are rendered weak and wretched by a variety of concurring causes, originating from one hasty conclusion. The conduct and manners of women, in fact, evidently prove that their minds are not in a healthy state; for, like the flowers which are planted in too rich a soil, strength and usefulness are sacrificed to beauty; and the flaunting leaves, after having pleased a fastidious eye, fade, disregarded on the stalk, long before the season when they ought to have arrived at maturity. One cause of this barren blooming I attribute to a false system of education, gathered from the books written on this subject by men who, considering females rather as women than human creatures, have been more anxious to make them alluring...
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...EFFECT OF BROKEN HOMES ON THE LEARNING PERFORMANCE IN MATHEMATICS OF JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS (A CASE STUDY IN LAGELU L.G.A OF OYO STATE) ABSTRACT This study examines the effect of broken homes on the learning performance/academic achievement in mathematics of Junior Secondary School students in Lagelu L.G.A. in Oyo state. According to the U.S census Bureau, half of all first marriages end in divorce, while 60% of divorcing couples have children. 36.3% of children live with their mothers. This study therefore sought to analyse the contribution of broken homes whether positively or negatively on the academic performance of the students in mathematics, the socio- economic status of the parents and how it affects the students’ performance, the interest of the parent toward child’s education and how it affects the child’s performance, relationship between students performance and their home situation and also to make recommendation towards the means of safe guarding the academic performance of children from broken homes. To achieve these objectives, the researcher employed a survey research design. A random sampling technique was used to select one hundred and fifty (150) students in five (5) selected secondary schools in Lagelu L.G.A. Out of 150 respondents, only 109 respondents completed and returned the questionnaire for the purpose of the study...
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...Marriage Guidance – Summary MGG201W MGG201W – Marriage Guidance – facilitative couples counselling Theme ONE – Understanding couples Intimacy involves: love, affection and caring, deep attachment to another person. The TRIPOD of couple relationships An intimate relationship consists of three factors that form a tripod on which the relationship rests. 1. Passionate attraction (PA) 2. Mutual expectations (ME) 3. Personal intentions (PI) Passionate attractions (PA) → Individual experiences intensely pleasurable sensations when thinking about or being with a new partner. → Blushing, trembling, breathlessness, high sexual desire → Referred to as infatuation = passing love “a foolish and unreasoning love’ → Infatuation is not a realistic / accurate appraisal of the relationship / idealisation → Negative / flaws in the idealised beloved may be intellectually recognised, but disregarded as endearingly special. Person chooses to ignore the negatives → Normal phase in the process of relationships → Infatuation can lead to a lasting relationship – but it mostly fades away and relationship based on infatuation alone will fail. Love → Involves physical attraction - deeper → Love encompasses PA, ME and PI → People rely mostly on life experiences to guide them to their own unique way of demonstrating love. → Eric Fromm “love is active concern for the life and growth of the person we love” → Love is deep, unselfish, caring, deep respect Hauck’s basic principles about love • It is not just...
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...distorted stereotype Chinese images in the westerners’ mind in 19th century, but also fully demonstrates various Chinese farmer’s characters. This thesis intends to analyze Wang Lung’s behavior and his hidden characters as a typical farmer in China. Through scrutinizing the text content, the author discovers that both merits of traditional Chinese farmer and backward thoughts under the feudal society are embodied in Wang Lung’s character. On the one hand, Wang Lung, industrious and frugal, simple and kind, has a keen attachment to earth. On the other hand, he is feudalistic, timid and conservative with a strong lust to women. Key Words: The Good Earth Wang Lung image of farmer Contents I. Introduction 1 1.1. Summary of The Good Earth 1 1.2. The Significance of The Good Earth 2 1.3. Relevant Studies of The Good Earth 3 II. Wang Lung’s Merits as a Typical Chinese Farmer 4 2.1. The Attachment to Land 4 2.1.1. Strong Desire for Landowning 4 2.1.2. Happy Time of Farming in the Land 5 2.1.3. Repulse of Selling Land 5 2.2. Strong Sense of Family 6 2.2.1. Wang Lung’s Filial Piety to His Father 6 2.2.2. Wang Lung’s Obligation to His Uncle 7 2.2.3. Arrangement to Sons’ Career...
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...CHAPTER 1 Summary Emma Woodhouse, Henry's younger daughter, lives in the small town of Highbury, sixteen miles away from London. She lives with her old, valetudinarian father at Hartfield. His elder daughter, Isabella, is married to the younger brother of George Knightley, the gentleman landlord and owner of Donwell Abbey Estate, a mile away from Hartfield. Isabella's husband is a lawyer; she lives with him and their five children in London. Emma lost her mother when she was five years old. Since then she has had the companionship of her governess, Miss Anne Taylor. After Isabella's marriage seven years earlier, Miss Taylor has been Emma's only companion and confidante. Emma is now twenty-one years old, beautiful and intelligent, but conceited and willful. Miss Taylor has just recently married Mr. Weston, a middle-aged widower. Even though she is very attached to her father, Emma feels depressed since she now has no companion except her this old, sickly man, who is against the thought of Emma marrying because he does not want to undergo any change. On the day following Miss Taylor's wedding, Mr. Woodhouse expresses his regrets over her marriage. Although he thinks Mr. Weston is a thorough gentleman, he disapproves of Miss Taylor desiring to marry in order to have a home of her own; Hartfield, where she has lived with the Woodhouses, is three times larger than Mr. Weston's Randalls. Emma tries to convince her father that their governess is happily married and tells him...
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...have been invaluable to critics. In place of brief stage directions, Shaw’s plays also included lengthy instructions and descriptions. Another unique aspect of Arms and the Man was its use of a woman as the central character. Set during the four-month-long Serbo-Bulgarian War that occurred between November 1885 and March 1886, this play is a satire on the foolishness of glorifying something so terrible as war, as well as a satire on the foolishness of basing your affections on idealistic notions of love. These themes brought reality and a timeless lesson to the comic stage. Consequently, once Shaw’s genius was recognized, Arms and the Man became one of Shaw’s most popular plays and has remained a classic ever since. Arms and the Man Summary Act 1 It is November 1885, during the Serbo-Bulgarian War. Raina Petkoff, a young Bulgarian woman, is in her bedchamber when her mother, Catherine, enters and announces there has been a battle close...
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...Whenever the thought of domestic violence comes to mind, more than often the visual picture is a women or a child. But there is another side that is ignored because it is bushed up under the rug, and ignored as if it is seemingly impossible for it to happen and that is the abuse of men; this review will examine this important and neglected issue that society seems to ignore. On the contrary there are several conflicts that destroy a relationship. The biggest conflicts that seem more widely publicized and always at the forefront is infidelity, poor financial handling, sex, children and abuse. Seemingly, abuse is something that is more tolerated and unmentioned as a code of silence on both sides of the relationship, this is usually the case because the victim (man/women) is too ashamed to mention the abuse, and unless either witnessed or displays visible signs of abuse it will be tolerated until the victim has had enough, or unless death occur. Society is beginning to realize that domestic violence is an increasing growing issue and must continue to work towards implementing programs to decrease it within the homes. The myths! Which are outlandishly ridiculous, with the mitigating factor being the distortion of subconscious beliefs of these myths that leads to abuse; The Super Bowl Sunday myth seems to grow wings and fly because of media, who stated that every year domestic violence rates were higher because of the outcomes of games, this myth was never proven. Then there is...
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...CHEATING Definition Cheating is defined as the intentional act of breaking the rules, or attempting to achieve personal gain through fraud or deceit.16 To cheat is to deprive of something valuable by the use ofdeceit or fraud, to influence or lead by deceit, trick, or artifice, to practice fraud or trickery, to violate rules dishonestly, or to be sexually unfaithful.11 A cheater (sometimes called acheat) gets something by dishonesty or deception; or by depriving one of his or her rights and usually connotes deliberate perversion of the truth; or by large-scale cheating bymisrepresentation or abuse of confidence.11 Cheating is an act of lying, deception, fraud, trickery, imposture, or imposition. Cheating characteristically is employed to create an unfair advantage, usually in one's own interest, and often at the expense of others. Cheating implies the breaking of rules. Cheating is a primordial economic act: getting more for less, often used when referring to marital infidelity.3 Cheating is when a person misleads, deceives, or acts dishonestly on purpose.17 Cheating fundamentally includes several elements of both lying and stealing, with specific motivations to gain something of value by illegitimate means. That is why lying and stealing are discussed before cheating. Cheating is lying and/or stealing with the intention for acquiring something for more than merely the "pleasure" of fooling or depriving others. Children Cheating as a concept is not understood by children...
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...Understanding Why Students Drop Out of High School, According to Their Own Reports Are They Pushed or Pulled, or Do They Fall Out? A Comparative Analysis of Seven Nationally Representative Studies Abstract Research on school dropout extends from early 20th-century pioneers until now, marking trends of causes and prevention. However, specific dropout causes reported by students from several nationally representative studies have never been examined together, which, if done, could lead to a better understanding of the dropout problem. Push, pull, and falling out factors provide a framework for understanding dropouts. Push factors include school-consequence on attendance or discipline. Pull factors include out-of-school enticements like jobs and family. Finally, falling out factors refer to disengagement in students not caused by school or outside pulling factors. Since 1966, most nationally representative studies depicted pull factors as ranking the highest. Also, administrators in one study corroborated pull out factors for younger dropouts, not older ones, while most recent research cites push factors as highest overall. One rationale for this change is a response to rising standards from No Child Left Behind (NCLB), which can be ultimately tested only by future dropout research. education social sciences academics disparities educational measurement and assessment history and sociology of education Introduction The cause of a student dropping out is often termed as...
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...Social Psychology 09/26/07 Joseph Dodds 2006 1 Lesson 4: Attribution and Social Knowledge 09/26/07 Joseph Dodds 2006 2 Key Terms in Social Cognition Cognitive consistency, naïve psychologist/scientist Attribution, cognitive miser, motivated tactician Asch's configural model, central traits, peripheral traits Primacy, recency, personal constructs, Implicit personality theories, stereotype, Cognitive algebra, summation, averaging, weighted averaging Schema, script, roles, self-schema, content-free schema Prototype, fuzzy sets, stereotypes, exemplars Social identity theory, self-categorisation theory, salience Accentuation principle, bookkeeping, conversion, subtyping Attribution & Social Knowledge You have just arrived in a foreign country and find yourself becoming irritated at the seemingly aloof and offhand manner in which people respond to your requests for directions to the hotel. Is their unfriendliness deliberate? Might it be a cultural practice? Are you an intolerant person to have taken offence so readily? 09/26/07 Joseph Dodds 2006 4 Attribution & Social Knowledge Or does their behaviour simply confirm your expectations about people from that country? Do you really care? What factors would you take into account to explain their behaviour and your reactions? What might be the consequences of the explanation you arrive at? 09/26/07 Joseph Dodds 2006 5 Attribution Theory ...
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...Contents • Introduction • Chapter 1 Marriage Is Good! • Chapter 2 Love • Chapter 3 Learning Submission • Chapter 4 The Marriage Bed • Chapter 5 Understanding Male/Female Differences • Chapter 6 Communication • Chapter 7 Walking In Wisdom • Chapter 8 Hospitality • Chapter 9 Family Finances Part II: Hinderances To A Happy Home • Chapter 10 The Works Of The Flesh • Chapter 11 The Tongue • Chapter 12 Covetousness • Chapter 13 Unforgiveness • Chapter 14 An Answer To Seperation Introduction Right from creation, God demonstrated His interest in and value placed on the marriage institution and the family, by being practically involved in its institution. He did not simply speak it into being as He did the beast of the field and the fowls of the air. He carefully put it together step by step. God put man to sleep and from his side took a rib and formed the woman. Not stopping there, God took the woman by the hand and led her to Adam. Therefore marriage is a unique relationship, having its root in divinity (Gen. 2:22). However, marriage and family life, a thing of joy, pleasure, and high esteem at creation is now treated by many as a necessary evil and looked at by some disdainfully. "Those in it want to rush out and those outside want to rush in," they say. This has resulted in the fast disintegration of the marriage unit and subsequently the family. Statistics indicate that the decline of marriage and the family unit has been greater...
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