...Changing Organizational Culture The Seven Step Change Model 12/10/2011 Urooj Khan MBA Regular 10739 Supervised By Ali Mujahid Table of Contents Culture and Organizational Culture 3 Culture 3 Organizational Culture 3 Influences on Culture 3 Cultural Measurement Dimensions 4 Changing Organizational Culture 8 Conclusion 13 Bibliography 14 Culture and Organizational Culture Culture The grand total of all the objects, ideas, knowledge, ways of doing things, habits, values, and attitudes which each generation in a society passes on to the next is what the anthropologist refers to as the culture of a group (Nord, 1972). According to Inkeles, culture is the social heritage, all the knowledge, beliefs, customs, and skills that are available to members of a society (Inkeles, 1964). The famous Dutch behavioral scientist, Geert Hofstede defined culture as the collective mental programming of a people in an environment. He later defined culture as the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one group from another (Muriithi N, 2003). Organizational Culture Edgar Schein says that organizational culture is developed over time as people in the organization learn to deal successfully with problems of external adaptation and internal integration. It becomes the common language and the common background (Schein E. , 1999). Culture starts with leadership, is reinforced with the accumulated learning of the organizational members...
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...TEACHING NOTE ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND CHANGE By Romuald Stone, DBA The construct of organizational culture has raised considerable interest of both academics and practitioners in the field of change management. Organizational culture is “derived from the anthropological concept of culture that attempts to explain why people in societies believe and behave as they do.” It has “become a common way of thinking about and describing an organization’s internal world—a way of differentiating one organization’s ‘personality’ from another.” This organizational self-image develops over a period of time with the core elements typically coalescing during the organization’s formative years. In many organizations we find a strong dominant culture that is pervasive not only in the headquarters element but across divisions and geographic regions. However, in large organizations this culture is not uniform but instead is composed of many subcultures. Subcultures may share certain characteristics, norms, and values yet they can be totally different with some functioning collaboratively and others in conflict with each other. Definition Organizational culture is defined as a complex set of shared beliefs, guiding values, behavioral norms, and basic assumptions acquired over time that shape our thinking and behavior; they are part of the social fabric of the organization—its genetic code. As such, culture drives the organization and guides the behavior of everyone in that...
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...| | | | | | | | The culture becomes an identity of an organization depicted by rituals, procedure which are prescribed , language, emblem and artifacts. (Clegg, Kornberger & Pitsis 2011) When a leader associates oneself with an organization, he has to amalgamate the transactional and transformational approach in a way that it is beneficial for the progression and it proves to be productive. Changing organization's culture is an intricate task and certainly very arduous as rightly put by Schein(1992) it is the organization's composition and basal utility. If the culture is very conducive and its pertaining to a large organization which has succeeded in one's endeavors; a leader may adapt to the new culture considering the changes would not bring adequate and prominent changes since at times it becomes difficult to transmute in such organizations. A leader determined to change the culture has to be confident in his abilities and new management style and needs to make sure if its pertinent and easily adaptable. As per the survey cited in Carr et al. (1996) around 10% of the organizations were successful to confine the new management approach in the institution and the percentage up till now is somewhat around 15 to 19%. When a leader joins an organization and truly believes if there is a scope for change and can attain break through, leader should certainly opt for it considering various factors such as increase in revenue and monetary gains, customer...
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...Table of context Introduction 2 Theory Kurt Lewin 2 Organization culture and the need for change 4 Develop management 6 Conclusion 7 References 9 MANAGING CHANGE AND CHANGING MANAGERS FROM ABC TO XYZ. Introduction According to: (http://staffs.academia.edu/documents/0032/6728/RJCM_A_135908.pdf) “Change management has been defined as “the process of continually renewing and organization’s direction, structure and capabilities to serve the ever-changing needs of external and internal customers” (Moran and Brightman, 2001, 111). In fact, a kind of things enclose organization such as customer, top manager, employee and organization culture which could influence organization and show the way to internal changes. This research paper analyzes managing change in two different companies; ABC engineering company and XYZ Construction Company. XYZ could manage some difficult changes successfully but ABC still has problems from refusal to accept organizational changes. It means the company could not achieve the required changes, unless it saw the need for change in management and organizational culture. Theory Kurt Lewin This theory has 3 stage models: 1. Unfreezing stage According to: (http://nationalforum.com/Electronic%20Journal%20Volumes%5CKritsonis,%20Alicia%20Comparison%20of%20Change%20Theories.pdf) “Lewin, the first step in the process of changing behaviour is to unfreeze the existing situation or status quo. The status quo is considered the equilibrium...
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...1. According to the article, explain how the cell system shows better performance than the traditional conveyor (or line) system. Since the Production is an ongoing process to achieve higher quality with greater efficiency it is very important which way to choose to enhance the production process. All Canon factories across the world use the cell production system, which eliminates conveyor belt assembly lines in favor of small teams, or "cells," of workers that handle multiple procedures to complete a product. After reading the articles about Canon cases’ I would like to note that there are several points that make the Cell system better than the Traditional conveyor system. First of all, in the Cell system workers are well organized into different teams and each team is responsible for a specific part of the production process. Also, the Cell system can lead to efficiency improvements through the increasing motivation and worker sharing their skills and knowledge with each other. In the case of Traditional conveyor system, it just makes workers to be a passive part of the production process, while in Cell system workers take an active way in the production process. I think, it means, that in Cell system there is a sense of responsibility in every workplace. As I understood through our article, if Cell system is used workers mental satisfaction will increase 1.5 times in a person. So, if there is product which can be produced by spending...
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...Organizational Change management for competitiveness edge in Safaricom Kenya limited Introduction: In today’s uncertain economic climate, many organizations are forced to make changes in order to survive. They are needed to react quickly to the global revolution while at a local and national level have to keep up with new technology and competition if they want to stay ahead of the game. In an ever-changing global economy, Johnson and Scholes (2003) notes that organizations must find ways for operating by developing new competences as the old advantage and competences gained is quickly eroded owing to environmental changes. Because of the fact that changes are a necessity in private as well as public sector, every organization must change with the environment otherwise, it would become irrelevant. Kotter (2007,p 101) observes that changes in the service institutions arise out of the need for efficiency, economy, effectiveness, performance evaluation ethics and market concerns. Rising demand for services and expectations of quality of those services have placed extreme pressure on managers and their organizations, depicting change as a continuous episode in the life of corporations. This implies that an organization that fails to introduce their planned change successfully pays a high price. Failure leads to loss of market position and credibility with stakeholders as well as decreased morale among management and staff resulting in a de-motivated workforce...
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...company began reducing its workforce. But, before this was done, through his change management leadership, the chairman gave the company the reasons for the restructuring and privatization of the company in order to prepare them for the upcoming change. Thus, through leadership and communication, he directed his company through a difficult time that could have been disastrous without effective change management resistance communication Organisational Change Sample Paper Abstract An organization that has great strategies but does not have a culture that can allow it to put the strategy into action seizes to be a prosperous organization. The purpose of this paper is to look into how organizational culture influences success in change strategies. The paper will expound on what a culture in an organization is and explain the impacts of a company with a solid culture and one with a weaker culture on change. Introduction Organizational culture has various definitions according to different scholars. A company should change just as the environment does. That is according to management literature. In the course of globalization and internationalization, there came up technological advancements and the growth of scarcity of resources. The companies and organizations therefore escalate towards rivalry against each other (Alvessonl & Sveningsson, 2007). This therefore triggers the desire for change in an organization. According to Peter Drucker, change is inevitable....
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...Organizational Development and Planned Changed Lashawnda Norris Everest University Online MAN 5285 Organizational Development and Change Dr. Jimmie Flores Organizational Development and Planned Change Organizational development is a set of planned-change techniques or interventions designed to improve organization effectiveness and employee well-being (Balzac, 2011). According to Worren, et al. (1999) stated: “change management is clearly broader than OD in that it includes a wide range of intervention strategies that may enhance human performance directly or indirectly, including process consultation, work restructuring, strategic HRM planning, and the design or development of information technology (IT) solutions (e.g., user interface design) A crucial feature of change management is that it is seen as only one component of a larger organizational change effort, the other components being strategy, business processes, and technology”. In many organizations, organizational development is primarily concerned with managing change in such a way that knowledge and skills are transferred to build the organization’s ability to achieve goals and solve problems (Cummings, et al., 2009). Worren & Ruddle (1999) states: “Organizational development places specific emphasis on the human resources and organizational culture functions. Talent must be attracted, retained and shepherded in order to achieve long-term success in an information economy. Companies...
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...Organization Culture August 19, 2009 Group 4 Organizational Culture Introduction Basically, organizational culture is the personality of the organization. Culture is comprised of the assumptions, values, norms and tangible signs (artifacts) of organization’s members and their behaviors. Members of an organization soon come to sense the particular culture of an organization. Culture is one of those terms that are difficult to express distinctly, but everyone knows it when they sense it. For example, the culture of a large, profit corporation is quite different than that of a hospital which is quite different than that of a university. You can tell the culture of an organization by looking at the arrangement of furniture, what they brag about, what members wear, etc. -- similar to what you can use to get a feeling about someone's personality. Corporate culture can be looked at as a system. Inputs include feedback from, e.g., society, professions, laws, stories, heroes, values on competition or service, etc. The process is based on our assumptions, values and norms, e.g., our values on money, time, facilities, space and people. Outputs or effects of our culture are, e.g., organizational behaviors, technologies, strategies, image, products, services, appearance, etc. The concept of culture is particularly important when attempting to manage organization-wide change. Practitioners are coming to realize that, despite the best-laid plans, organizational change must include...
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...A Process for Changing Organizational Culture Kim Cameron Ross School of Business University of Michigan 701 Tappan Street Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 734-615-5247 kim_cameron@umich.edu In Thomas G. Cummings (Ed.) Handbook of Organizational Development, (pages 429-445) Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publishing. A Process for Changing Organizational Culture Kim Cameron University of Michigan Much of the current scholarly literature argues that successful companies--those with sustained profitability and above-normal financial returns--are characterized by certain well-defined external conditions. These conditions include having (1) high barriers to entry (e.g., the difficulty of other firms entering the market, so few, if any, competitors exist), (2) non-substitutable products (e.g., others cannot duplicate the firm’s product, and few, if any, alternatives exist), (3) a large market share (e.g., the firm can capitalize on economies of scale and efficiencies by dominating the market), (4) buyers with low bargaining power (e.g., purchasers of the firm’s products become dependent on the firm because they have no other alternative sources) (5) suppliers with low bargaining power (e.g., suppliers to the firm become dependent because they have no other alternative customers), (6) rivalry among competitors (e.g., incentives to improve are a product of rigorous competition), and (7) rare products or services (e.g., offering...
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...A Process for Changing Organizational Culture Kim Cameron University of Michigan Business School 701 Tappan Street Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 734-615-5247 kim_cameron@umich.edu To be published in Michael Driver (Ed.) The Handbook of Organizational Development 2004 2 A Process for Changing Organizational Culture Kim Cameron University of Michigan Much of the current scholarly literature argues that successful companies--those with sustained profitability and above-normal financial returns--are characterized by certain well-defined external conditions. These conditions include having (1) high barriers to entry (e.g., the difficulty of other firms entering the market, so few, if any, competitors exist), (2) nonsubstitutable products (e.g., others cannot duplicate the firm’s product, and no alternatives exist), (3) a large market share (e.g., the firm can capitalize of economies of scale and efficiencies by dominating the market), (4) buyers with low bargaining power (e.g., purchasers of the firm’s products become dependent on the firm because they have no other alternative sources) (5) suppliers with low bargaining power (e.g., suppliers to the firm become dependent because they have no other alternative customers), (6) rivalry among competitors (e.g., incentives to improve are a product of rigorous competition), and (7) rare products or services (e.g., offering something that no other company provides) (Porter, 1980; Barney, 1995). Unquestionably, these are desirable...
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...continual or occasional process ? • How do organizations manage change and resistance to change? • What are some current issues in managing change? • How to make change successful? • What is innovation and how does it occur in organizations? • How do organizations stimulate innovation? What is Organizational Change? • Organizational Change – Any alterations in the people, structure, or technology of an organization • Characteristics of Change – Is constant yet varies in degree and direction – Produces uncertainty yet is not completely unpredictable – Creates both threats and opportunities • Managing change is an integral part of every manager’s job Forces For Change • External forces – Changing consumer needs and wants – New Governmental laws and regulations – Changing Technology – Labour markets shifts – Economic and social changes • Internal Forces – New organizational strategy – Change in composition of Workforce – New equipment – Changing Employee attitudes – Compensation and benefits Two Views of the Change Process • The Calm Waters Metaphor – Kurt Lewin: Change is a break in the organization’s equilibrium state. 3 Step Change Process (see exhibit 1): • Unfreezing the status quo • Changing to a new state • Refreezing to make the change permanent • White-water Rapids Metaphor – The lack of environmental stability and predictability requires that managers and organizations continually adapt (manage change actively) to survive The Change Process Change Agents • Change...
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...Purpose …………………………………………………………………………………….. Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………… Company Background…………………………………………………………………… Organizational change………………………………………………………………….. PESTLE analysis,…………………………………………………………………………….. Drivers for Change………………………………………………………………………….. Objectives…………………………………………………………………………………….. Organizational change………………………………………………………………….. Types of Organizational change…………………………………………………… Change Process…………………………………………………………………………….. Types of change …………………………………………………………………………. Planning the change process………………………………………………………….. Planning Change Models …………………………………………………………………. Change at Ranbaxy………………………………………………………………………….. Models for change…………………………………………………………………………… Guidelines for successful change management……………………………………. Human factors involved in the proposed change………………………………. Reasons for resistance to change:……………………………………………………… Process of implementing the change…………………………………………………. Change Management…………………………………………………………………………. Evaluation……………………………………………………………………………………… Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………………. PURPOSE: This report try to explain the organizational change implemented by the company named Ranbaxy and how effectively they managed the change and how they met with success in achieving their objectives. For the purpose...
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...competitive and dynamic. In order to be successful in a work environment, organizations must be knowledgeable of what defines organizational behavior. Organizational behavior can help organizations expand, communicate, learn, and develop for better performance in the competitive, vibrant, and ever changing economy we all live in. It is important for organizations to learn the different behaviors, cultures, diversity, communications, effectiveness, and the learning styles that make up the organization and its environment. This paper will define and explain the terminology and concepts of organization behavior through research and examples used within the military. What is Organizational Behavior? Organizational behavior (OB) is the study of individuals and groups in organizations (Schermerhorn, 2005). The primary concern of OB is with people, what they do and how their behavior affects individual, group and organizational performance. Learning about OB will help you develop a better work-related understanding about yourself and other people (Shermerhorn, 2005). “People are the organization’s most important assets” are the words of Shermerhorn and should be taken seriously in an organization. Organizations must learn to value their employees so that when the time comes, employees will do the same for the organization. The military uses a unique organizational behavior, which is, governed by a set of rules and regulations (ex. Uniform Code of Military Justice). This gives the military...
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...ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE IN THE TWENTIETH AND TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY ABSTRACT Culture is the medium by which organization expresses itself to its employees or members. The core of the culture is formed by the values which are not visible but are shared by people even when membership in group changes. Shared values and norms focus employees’ attention on organizational priorities and guide their behavior and decision making. The paper starts with defining the core concepts or the key words in the introduction phase, and the four organizational culture has been allocated as per its usage on the past and the present i.e. in the twentieth century and the twenty-first century. Further, the article has tried to identify the implications on the Nepalese context which shows how the organizational culture of Nepalese business houses compared to the global scenario. Also, the paper has tried to identify the problems that are faced while following the organizational culture and during the shift from one culture to the other. Lastly, the paper ends with a conclusion which is also a recommendation. Keywords: Organizational Culture, Types of Culture INTRODUCTION Organizational culture includes an organization's expectations, experiences, philosophy, and values that hold it together, and is expressed in its self-image, inner workings, interactions with the outside world, and future expectations. It is based on shared attitudes, beliefs, customs, and written and unwritten rules...
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