...throughout history. The assassination of Caesar led to a long civil war and eventually to the defeat of the republican faction in Rome. The assassination of Lincoln complicated efforts to return the southern states to the Union on the basis of civil rights for all. The assassination of the Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914 ignited a series of events that led to a disastrous world war. No one doubts that these assassinations were consequential in the extreme: They produced powerful reactions against the assassins and the parties with which they were associated. There was no doubt in any of these cases as to who the assassins were and why they committed their crimes. The Kennedy assassination was different: Its consequences flowed from widespread public confusion about the meaning of the event, the individuals or groups responsible for it, and what John F. Kennedy really stood for. Americans still debate whether President Kennedy was taken down by a lone assassin or by a conspiracy of ideologically motivated partisans, and whether he was an idealistic reformer concerned mainly with civil rights or a moderate politician of his time preoccupied with the challenges of the Cold War and economic growth. One might have expected that after fifty years a general consensus would have emerged about the man and the event. It has not happened. Why does the Kennedy assassination still provoke so much controversy? The answers can be found in events that took place in 1963 in the immediate...
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...equipment. The House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA) completed their investigation in 1979 and they finally came to a discrete verdict that Lee Harvey Oswald fired three shots at Kennedy, one of which killed the president. A fourth shot was fired from the grassy knoll, which was contradictory to the statement printed by the Warren Commission 16 years earlier. However, the HSCA could not determine who the second gunman was, and how he was in relation to Oswald. If the Warren Committee had been thorough and not corrupt the first time, the second investigation would never have been necessary. However, because of government negligence and corruption, we still to this day do not know who really killed President Kennedy. The public became more interested in the Kennedy assassination after books such as Rush to Judgment, by Mark Lane and Inquest, by Edward Jay Epstein began to come off the press in the late 1960s. They immediately became best sellers and played a large role in raising awareness regarding the assassination. As a result, people started to inquire more and theories arose that other people or organizations had been involved in Kennedy's...
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...operation was successful and no arrest were made. However, there were some additional damage. An officer was killed by the team during the escape. Ali Salameh, developed and executed the assault on the Israeli athletes at Olympic Village. Salameh was a hard target. Salameh was not on the original list, team decided to assassinate. The operation took place in Sargans Swits, at a church. That tactics used were baretta .22 cal pistols. However, the operation was not successful. Instead 3 Arab security men were possibly killed. They were all were shot but their deaths were not formally confirmed. Female, Free Lamce Assassin. Assassin was a hard target. The operation took place in Hoorn, Netherlands, at a boat. The operation was improvised. Tactics of the operation included .22 cal pistol. It was a successful operation. There was no additional damage caused. Assassin was not on the original list, the team decided to assassinate because she killed one of their team...
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...Austria had control over Serbia and Gavrilo blamed the archduke for it. He was dying of tuberculosis. Princip was 19 years old and terribly sick. “Knowing he will soon die of his illness, Princip is not afraid to kill the target of his anger” ( “Assassin of Archduke Franz Ferdinand - Gavrilo Princip.” Awesome stories). This act caused Austria to declare war on Serbia. Thus starting the first world war that lasted from July 28, 1914 to November 11, 1918 ( “Assassin of Archduke Franz Ferdinand - Gavrilo Princip.” Awesome...
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...First off a little info about president Kennedy. John Fitzgerald Kennedy, parents were Joseph Patrick Kennedy and Rose Fitzgerald, he was born in Brookline, Massachusetts, on 29th May, 1917. His great grandfather, Patrick Kennedy, emigrated from Ireland in 1849 and his grandfathers, Patrick Joseph Kennedy and John Francis Fitzgerald, were both important political figures in Boston. Kennedy's dad was a highly successful businessman who had later served as ambassador for Great Britain (1937-40) Then on November 22, 1963, when he was hardly past his first thousand days in office, John Fitzgerald Kennedy was killed by an assassin's bullets as his motorcade wound through Dallas, Texas. Kennedy was the youngest man elected President; he was the youngest to die. Here is some more in depth research on the conspiracy of his assassination 1976, the US Senate ordered a fresh inquiry into the assassination of John F Kennedy, who was murdered in 1963 during a motorcade in Dallas, Texas. People who had been involved in the original Warren Commission investigations were asked to make fresh statements. The FBI and the CIA were persuaded to release more of their documents on Oswald. New lines of inquiry were opened and individuals who had not previously given evidence were persuaded to come forward. Most important of all, pieces of evidence such as photos and sound recordings were subjected to scientific analysis using the most up-to-date methods and equipment. The House Select Committee...
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... Sadat was then taken to the hospital via helicopter with Mrs. Sadat but was claimed dead before any help could’ve been attained. After the attack occurred uprisings involving Islamic fundamentalists on Egyptian police departments in northern Egypt. “And the government functioned as the constitution provided...Mubarak upon whom had laid hands, was chosen without opposition” (“The Assassination of Anwar Sadat, Part II,” ADST.org). Unlike Nasser’s death( a heart attack) Sadat’s death didn’t really spark up any mourning by citizens, but was instead taken a some sort of relief. The citizens felt caged in the Arab world. No one was sure how Sadat would’ve continued to lead Egypt if he hadn’t been assassinated. “There was just a sense of public malaise in those last weeks of Sadat's’ regime.” (“The Assassination of Anwar Sadat, Part II,” ADST.org) Mubarak continued Sadat’s last wishes and proceeded with Egypt’s...
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...Catcher in the Rye • J.d. Salinger • 1919-2010 • He has written several books about young people including Catcher in the Rye and Franny and Zoey • Served in WW1 • Has not given an interview since 1980 • Born in NYC to parents Sol and Miriam: father was jewish, mother was catholic • Jerome David salinger • Recognizes as one of the most popular author after 1950. • He by choice stayed out of the public eye • He was a recluse • Published in 1951 • He sold over 65 mllion copies • It was one of the most frequently challenged books in library history because of the sex and vulgar language • Named one of the best novels of the 20th century by Time Magazine • Until 2006, Catcher was one of the most frequently banned books • Mark David Chapman (assassin of John Lennon) and John Hickley Jr. (attempted assassin of President Ronald Reagan) both had copies of the book in their pockets when they were arrested • Tells the story of a teenager expelled from his high school and his journey across NYC in the 1950s • Issues discussed in the book include: School, teacher, music, sex, alcohol, hypocrisy, family and being a teenager. • A story is about Holden Caulfield, the 16 year old protagonist of the novel and his experiences in school and new york city. • Holden Caufield- sketch of an American teenager • Nearly all readers identify with or see some of their friends reflected in different aspects of Holden’s characters • Young readers see in Holden Caulfield...
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...his time. Pablo started out as a petty car thief and small time marijuana dealer. When Pablo hit 18 he was dealing cocaine, small portions to parts of Colombia. When Pablo turned 25 he started dealing cocaine to the United States of America. Pablo Escobar was the wealthiest man in the world making $25 billion a year, his personal worth alone was $8.1 billion. Pablo was head of the Medellin Cartel. In the 1970’s & 80’s Medellin Cartel is in Bolivia, Peru Honduras, United States, Canada, and Europe. Escobar was offered a deal he couldn’t refuse from the President of Colombia Cesar Gaviria. The agreement President Gaviria said that Escobar had leniency and immunity from the US. Pablo Escobar was also on congress. Pablo was a political assassin, from March 3 - August 17 there were more than 12 murder’s that Pablo Escobar helped with. Pablo built his own prison where he stayed at for 7 years with 7 of his cronies. In July 3, 1992. Pepe’s a militia turned on the drug lord. The Pepe’s went to the extreme and bombed Pablo’s mom “ Dolores Gaviria Berrio” house. Pablo Escobar wasn’t all bad he built homes for people in his hometown and soccer fields. Pablo’s million’s was put towards a mansion and a fleet of cars and planes in Florida and Colombia, including a Pontiac that Al Capone owned. Pablo killed hundreds of people not only politicians, judges, police and hundreds of innocent civilians including 107 people who died in the 1989 airline bombing. Pablo agreed to surrender in...
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...up-to-date methods and equipment. The House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA) completed their investigation in 1979 and they finally came to a discrete verdict that Lee Harvey Oswald fired three shots at Kennedy, one of which killed the president. A fourth shot was fired from the grassy knoll, which was contradictory to the statement printed by the Warren Commission 16 years earlier. They concluded that John Kennedy was assassinated as the result of a conspiracy. The investigation was ordered directly after the assassinations of two other major political figures; the civil rights leader Dr. Martin Luther King and the President’s brother Robert Kennedy, in 1968. Naturally these incidents aroused immense suspicion and the American public started questioning why so many key US figures had been assassinated in the space of just four years, when previously this type of incident had been rare. The HCSA was interested in looking into the possibility that the assassinations were related. At the time there was also an increasing awareness of corruption and scandal within the government. The Watergate Scandal in 1974 involving President Nixon had clearly shown that American government was not entirely free of foul play. As a result...
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...Winning the Sydney to Hobart- A Case Study in Project Management Lynn Crawford, University of Technology, Sydney PMI Proceedings, 1993, pp. 53-59 INTRODUCTION Campaigning for an ocean classic yacht race is a project. The campaign has a starting point, which can be defined, and the end of the race is the end of the project (1). It involves a process, which requires management if the objectives are to be defined and achieved. Unlike many other projects where success may be open to debate and achievement of objectives may be unclear this is a project in which project success or failure is as clear as the race results. As an interesting and atypical project type, it provides excellent opportunities to illustrate, examine, and question the application and operation of the project management framework. The project was successful. The objectives were achieved; the races were won. This paper will briefly present, as a project, the campaign, which culminated in the winning of both the 1992 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race and the 1992 Kodak Asia Pacific Ocean Racing Championship. The phases of the project life-cycle-concept, development, execution, and finishing (2); the four basic project management functions-management of scope, quality, time, and cost; and the other essential project management functions-human resource management, communications management, contract/procurement management, and risk management-will be discussed in relation to the project...
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...this revelation, Octavius was studying the art of public speaking in Apollonia and he was only 18 years old when he heard the news. Because of this new favorable circumstance, Octavius, soon after, changed his name to Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, taking on his new persona. Suddenly, the wide horizons of opportunity had opened for Julius Octavianus and he began his voyage to Italy to claim his awaiting inheritance. With the support from Julius’ well wishes described in his will, Octavius was encouraged to become politically active and he soon proved himself when he arrived at Rome. Rise to Power Through Battle: Octavius gained a significant portion of his momentum to power from his aggressive nature and leadership in battle. However he did initially have dangerous opposition from Mark Antony who had already assumed authority over Caesar’s army. The rivalry became apparent when Octavius announced his plans for seizing his inheritance, which was very much envied by Antony. Mark Antony had already set into motion a plan, against the will of the Senate, to avenge Caesar’s death while exercising his own motives for power. Octavius joined the senatorial cause in the debate and he was already demanding authority given to him by Julius Caesar, so Octavius and Antony were natural enemies. Since Antony had broken off from the Senate’s graces, he had embarked on a personal vendetta targeted towards one of Julius Caesar’s assassins who was named Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus, who...
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...Imagine you are a resident of Jerusalem, in the year 60 AD. You are taking a walk throughout the marketplace doing your weekly shopping. You see a man pull out a dagger and he yells death to all Romans' and attacks a roman guard, killing him in front of hundreds of spectators. The assassin quietly slips into the crowd and is lost in a sea of people never to be found. The word of the attack spreads and soon it is the talk of the town. Many more attacks on Romans are made by the Sicarii and the Zealots. Sympathizers of the Romans slowly disappear and their voices vanish from Jerusalem. The fear of terrorism grows and Roman repression grows along with it, this in turn leads to the people of Jerusalem to revolt in 70 AD (Miller V). If this attack had been made in some dark alley with no spectators would the people react the way they did? The marketplace of old Jerusalem, can be compared to the media of today. What better place to get the public informed about your reasons and purpose for attacks than the news. Albert gave a good definition of terrorist's objectives when he stated: "Terrorists try to exercise influence over targeted officials on nations through intimidation of the public and arousal of sympathy for the social and political causes they espouse. Without widespread publicity, terrorist acts can achieve neither of these effects" (Bandura, Albert qtd. In Nacos 1). Terrorists need the news media to get the publicity, and the media is a willing accomplice...
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...Pablo Escobar: Pseudo-Transformational Leader Case #1 Prepared for Dr. Bret Bradley Prepared by Team 2: Timothy Donnelly Sande Jarrett Chase Miller MGT-3133-001 - Leadership February 14, 2012 Intro Pablo Escobar was the charismatic, ruthless leader of the Medellin drug cartel in Columbia during the 1970s and 80s (Kelly, 2005, p. 118). He possessed charisma, intelligence, and an idealized status in the eyes of his followers like a transformational leader (Minster, 2012), but he showed criminal tendencies from a young age (A&E, 2012) and displayed the poor morals and selfish manipulation of others that characterize a pseudo-transformational leader. While Escobar did have some degree of idealized influence and appeared to exert inspirational motivation, his poor morals and thirst for power compromised these aspects of his leadership and led to a lack of intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration for his followers. Because of this, Escobar, while charismatic and effective, was not a true transformational leader. Idealized Influence The idealized influence factor is a characteristic of transformational leadership where the leader’s behavior, charisma and strong moral values compel followers to strive to emulate the leader and view him as a role model (Northouse, 2010, p. 177). Individuals with poor moral values may still have high charisma and seek out leadership roles, but without the moral element cannot be considered...
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...Ass The Assignation of JFK and the Conspiracy Theory Jayme Jackson DeVry University Contemporary History HIST410 Professor Lisa Jones December 14, 2013 The Assignation of JFK and the Conspiracy Theory November 22, 1963 was an unforgettable day in American history. On this day the thirty-fifth President of the United States, John F. Kennedy (JFK), was assassinated in Dallas, Texas while he rode in an open limousine with Texas Governor John Conally (Wicker, 1963). He received fatal head wounds caused by one of the bullets from the shooting. Lee Harvey Oswald (Oswald), the only person ever formally accused of the assassination, ran away from the Texas Book Depository where he worked, and was stopped for questioning by a police official. At which time, Oswald killed the officer with a revolver he had hidden (Wicker, 1963). Oswald fled to the Texas Theater and within a short time period he was apprehended by the police and brought into a police station (Wicker, 1963). Although Lee Harvey Oswald was accused of the crime, he was murdered by Jack Ruby and never prosecuted for the assassination. Since the tragic events that occurred in November of 1963, there have been many theories that the murder of President John F. Kennedy was done as part of a conspiracy. As this year of 2013 it has been fifty years since the events and people are still mystified with the assassination of JFK and the possible conspiracy theories. An important fact that Americans and people worldwide...
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...Mary Surratt: Accomplice or Innocent Bystander Mary Surratt was a woman of many firsts. She was the first woman to ever be executed by the United States federal government. Her crime was suspected involvement in the first United States President assassination. This is better known as President Lincoln’s assassination by John Wilkes Booth. But how much did she really know about the scheme? Was she an accomplice to Booth, like many others including her son, or was she an innocent bystander who accidently got involved with assassins? Many people have heard of the John Wilkes Booth, Abraham Lincoln’s shooter, but few have heard of the people behind the scenes of the assassination. Some of the people suspected to be involved included Lewis...
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