...Report on: BSE Crisis Misconception of Risks & Flaws within the system Abstract The BSE or the mad cow epidemic was a major crisis in British history. The BSE disease was first identified in cattle in 1986. Though the cause of the disease is not known till now, but how the disease spread was known at initial stage. Contamination of BSE into cattle happens due to consumption of BSE contaminated MBM. There was a scientific assumption that BSE might not be transmitted to human, but there was a risk of contamination to human also. But policy-makers’ perception of risk was wrong and they were consistently assuring people that beef is safe to eat, and BSE is not transmissible to human. There existed a great divergence about the perception of risks between the scientists, policy-makers and the public. Message of risk was not communicated to public in fear of irrational over reaction or risks to the industry. Scientific risk assessment was understated and misinterpreted by the policy-makers’ risks assessment on economic views, and the public was kept unaware about the risks. The flaws and shortcomings that existed in the then system aggravated the crisis. It had become necessary to separate scientific risks assessment from the political risk assessments. The outbreak of the epidemic in 1996 after 10 years of denial brought disaster to the British beef industry and created sense of betrayal and mistrust among the public. To re-establish the confidence a wide range of reforms...
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...Introduction Public administrators use many communication genres to reach their audiences. These genres range from business cards to governmental proposals. Each one has its own purpose. Each one has its own way of getting information to the audience quickly and efficiently. Each one has been affected by technology. Each has its own discourse conventions associated with it. And each has its own method of distribution—either external or internal. The purpose of this analysis is to compare some of these genres and explain how each one gets information to the intended audience effectively. The Purpose The business card genre introduces a reader to the person named on the card and provides professional information about that person. It helps the reader gain insight to pertinent information concerning the cardholder by providing the cardholder’s name, the agency’s name, an office phone number, address, and e-mail address. The resume, on the other hand, provides information to the reader regarding a candidate’s skills and experience related to potential employment. Information concerning the candidate, such as name, address, and phone number, along with employment experience, beginning with the most recent, aids the reader in comprehending this information quickly. A policy memorandum is an instrument used to aid policymakers with information needed to develop, implement, and evaluate existing policies by analyzing complex issues and alternative actions. A policy memorandum...
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...organize, and develop a comprehensive report after reviewing seven statewide environmental scan report. The comprehensive report will enable the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment to better understand gaps, services, and needs related to breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening. In addition, this position will work closely with the Office of Equity and learn about different opportunities within the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. This position will provide the opportunity to identify and visit disparate population in Colorado to provide a voice to underrepresented communities. Practicum Activity...
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...independence of the independent registered public accounting firm and the performance of the Company’s internal audit services function; (iii) the integrity of the Company’s systems of internal accounting and financial controls; (iv) legal and regulatory compliance; (v) the assessment and management of the Company’s risk and capital; and (vi) the performance of the other Committee functions set forth in this charter. In discharging its responsibilities, the Committee is not itself responsible for planning or conducting audits or for any determination that the Company’s financial statements and disclosures are complete and accurate or are in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and applicable rules and regulations. This is the responsibility of the Company’s management and the independent registered public accounting firm. In addition, the Company’s management is responsible for managing its risk function and for reporting on its processes and assessments with respect to the Company’s management of risk. Organization and Certain Responsibilities The Committee shall be comprised of at least three directors. The members of the Committee shall be appointed by the Board and shall meet the independence, experience and expertise requirements of the New York Stock Exchange listing rules and other applicable laws and regulations. No member of the Committee shall simultaneously serve on the audit committees of more than two other public companies. The Committee shall meet at...
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...Information Technology Public Policy and Technology Name SCHOOL DATE Information Technology: Public Policy and Technology The new U.S. president is counting on technology to help realize his key agenda items. Government policymakers and business leaders also need to consider foundational technology and public policy issues, such as privacy, identity, architecture and the impact of Web 2.0. E-Governments is the future of any nation and as soon as Government moves towards Internet, the internal operations will be faster. More and More Governments are moving towards cloud computing and Web 2.0 service to implement public policy today. The biggest challenge in this is data security and maintaining the integrity of the data. This is one of the most difficult and important task to do. This is the biggest challenge for the governments all over the world. The last time that research houses published a special report on how technology would affect public policy and vice versa in the U.S. was during the aftermath of the 2000 presidential election. That report led to other special reports on the relationship of technology and public policy in other parts of the world. In those reports, we were optimistic about the prospects of technology's enablement of the public policy, including streamlining government in much the same way that IT has helped to improve efficiency in the private sector, and the prospects for the public's involvement in rule making and legislation. Our predictions...
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...Task 11. Explain policies and procedures that are in place to protect children and young people and adults who work with them. The different policies and procedures which protect children, young people and adults who work with them in my setting we are: child protection/safeguarding policy- Which has six main aims to support both staff and children. 1. Ensure safe recruitment and examine suitability of staff and volunteer to work with children. 2. Raise awareness of child protection and safeguarding and equip staff and children with skills to keep them safe. 3. following procedures for identifying and reporting cases or suspected cases of harm/abuse. 4. Support children who have been abused in accordance with agreed child protection plan. 5. Establishing safe environment for...
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...COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AND PUBLIC POLICY guidance on the application of community development approaches to different aspects of anti-poverty and social inclusion work €10 Siobhán Lynam Bridgewater Centre, Conyngham Road, Islandbridge, Dublin 8 Tel: 01 670 6746 Fax: 01 670 6760 Email: info@combatpoverty.ie Website: www.combatpoverty.ie COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AND PUBLIC POLICY Siobhán Lynam Community Development and Public Policy 1 © 2006 ISBN: 1-905485-11-5 While every effort has been made to ensure that the information contained in this book is accurate, no legal responsibility is accepted by the author or Combat Poverty for any errors or omissions. The views expressed in this publication are the author’s own and not necessarily those of Combat Poverty Agency. 2 Community Development and Public Policy CONTENTS Acknowledgements Preface 4 5 Introduction Background to the publication Structure of the publication 6 6 Section 1: Defining public policy 1.1 What is public policy? 1.2 How is policy made? 1.3 The public policy cycle 1.4 Example of a community organisation’s impact on policy 7 7 8 13 16 Section 2: A community-development approach to policy making 2.1 Giving voice to excluded groups 2.2 Characteristics of a community-development approach 2.3 Value of adopting a community-development approach 18 18 19 21 Section 3: Influencing public policy making 3.1 Develop a policy agenda 3.2 Make it an...
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...Chapter 4 The economics of Financial Reporting Regulation The case for unregulated markets for accounting information * Support for unregulated marketing all relate to the incentives for a firm to report information about itself to owners and to the capital market. * Agency theory explains why incentives exist for voluntary reporting to owners. * Wider voluntary reporting to the capital market is explained by signaling theory * The arguments supporting unregulated markets for accounting information are largely deductive in nature. Agency Theory * Predicts and explains the behavior of parties involved with the firm. * It conceives of the firm itself as a nexus of agency relationship and seeks to understand organizational behavior by examining how parties to agency relationships within the firm maximize their own utility. * One major relationship is between the management group and the owners of the firm. * Managers are hired to administer the firms’ activities. * Owners and Managers may have different goals and may not be in perfect agreement. While owners are interested to maximize return of investment and security prices, managers have a wider range of economic interests and psychological needs. Because of this conflict, owners communicate with managers in such a way as to minimize conflict between the goals of two groups. * Costs relating to monitoring management reduce managers’ compensation. Therefore managers have an...
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...Euthanasia, Ethics and Public Policy: An Argument Against Legalisation John Keown Frontmatter More information EUTHANASIA, ETHICS AND PUBLIC POLICY An Argument against Legalisation Whether the law should permit voluntary euthanasia or physicianassisted suicide is one of the most vital questions facing all modern societies. Internationally, the main obstacle to legalisation has proved to be the objection that, even if they were morally acceptable in certain hard cases, voluntary euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide could not be effectively controlled; society would slide down a slippery slope to the killing of patients who did not make a free and informed request, or for whom palliative care would have offered an alternative. How cogent is this objection? This book provides the general reader (who need have no expertise in philosophy, law or medicine) with a lucid introduction to this central question in the debate, not least by reviewing the Dutch euthanasia experience. It will interest readers in any country, whether for or against legalisation, who wish to ensure that their opinions are better informed. john keown is Senior Lecturer in the Law and Ethics of Medicine, Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge. His previous publications include Abortion, Doctors and the Law (1988) and Euthanasia Examined (1995). © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521804167 - Euthanasia, Ethics and Public Policy: An Argument Against Legalisation...
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...1. The whole of government challenge Chapter findings The report has defined 'whole of government' in the Australian Public Service (APS) as: Whole of government denotes public service agencies working across portfolio boundaries to achieve a shared goal and an integrated government response to particular issues. Approaches can be formal and informal. They can focus on policy development, program management and service delivery. APS agencies should review their work in light of this definition to assess the potential impact of this report on their work. There are many imperatives which make being successful at whole of government work increasingly important. These include pressures on the APS to offer sophisticated whole of government policy advice which comprehends a range of stakeholders' views, and to respond to complex policy challenges such as environmental or rural issues. There are pressures to join up program management, including security threats and intractable social issues such as drug dependence. There are rising community expectations for easier access to government by integrating service delivery. Agencies should review the impact of these imperatives on their work, including taking a long-term view of possible scenarios. Whole of government approaches to Australian government work are a relative strength for Australia and are not new. The increasing pressures on the APS demands that its history in whole of government work is understood to ensure it...
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...include that union workers cannot be terminated without just cause (Gibson, Lindley, 2010). The Supreme Court, also included other types of formal employment contracts in this exception ruling as long as the contract does not include an at will clause (Muhl, 2001). The onset of Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act made it illegal to terminate an employee on the basis of their race, sex, religion, or national origin (Halbert, Ingulli, 2012). Not until the 1980’s did the bulk of the exceptions take place. The following exceptions are considered to be the main exceptions to the employment at will law as viewed by 50 states. The Public Policy This exception prevents dismissal for reasons that violate a State’s Public Policy. The type of reason will vary between jurisdictions but the grounds remain the same (Muhl, 2010). An example of public policy is workers compensation protection: designed to provide for workers who are injured on the job....
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...security for personnel, equipment and the aim of the operation. On the other hand, the media considers it a duty to inform the public about events as and when they unfold without any imposed restraint, especially during conflict. However, the nature of modern warfare has necessitated that the media and military compliments each other’s roles in order to build a virile nation. This is because, the influence of media on military operations is invaluable. The media has the capacity to influence the conduct of hostilities, particularly through its impact on popular sentiment. In order to maximize the effects of media on military operations, commanders must grant unrestricted access to journalists during operations without jeopardizing the operational plan. This will not only encourage team bonding between the media and military, but...
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...December 2011 Mini Country Report/Romania under Specific Contract for the Integration of INNO Policy TrendChart with ERAWATCH (2011-2012) Mini Country Report Thematic Report 2011 under Specific Contract for the Integration of INNO Policy TrendChart with ERAWATCH (2011-2012) December 2011 Author: Marina Ranga, Stanford University Table of Contents Preface ii Executive Summary iii 1. Innovation policy trends 1 1.1 Trends and key challenges for innovation policy 1 1.2 Innovation governance 7 1.3 Recent changes in the innovation policy mix 12 1.4 Internationalisation of innovation policies 15 1.5 Evidence on effectiveness of innovation policy 16 2. Innovation policy budgets – an overview 19 2.1 Trends in funding of innovation measures 19 2.2 Departmental and implementing agency budgets for innovation policies 2 1 2.3 Future challenges for funding of innovation policy 22 3. Thematic report: Demand-side innovation policies 23 3.1 Trends in the use of demand-side innovation policies 24 3.2 Governance challenges 30 3.3 Recent demand-side innovation policy measures 3 1 3.3.1 Sectoral specificities 3 1 3.3.2 Good practice case 3 1 Appendix A : Plan to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of RDI expenditure (Summary of provisions) 32 Appendix B : Recommendations of World Bank’s Functional Review for the reform of the Romanian RDI...
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...Epidemiology and Public Health Soledad Blanco West Coast University Most people when asked about Public Health automatically associate it with Public Clinics, or providing hands-on health care to the community. Not until recently I was one of those people; however, after exploring my local health department, State of Florida Health Department, Center for Disease Control and many other websites, I discovered that Public Health is involved in every aspect of our daily lives. Public Health is first and foremost all about prevention. They have developed many vaccinations and have required all children to receive certain immunizations prior to starting school, they also investigate disease outbreaks to prevent further contamination and have implemented many prevention procedures. Public Health is involved in our daily living activities from making sure our waters are safe for when we brush our teeth, to monitoring the ocean waters for when we go to the beach. It is also accredited with the development of policy and procedures that prevent disease and promote good health, they promote healthy lifestyles through education, and they conduct research for diseases. They provide the community with healthy living conditions. During the 20th century, Public Health accomplished many great things. They have able to control the spread of many infectious diseases, they are responsible for adding fluoride to drinking water, and they also developed motor-vehicle safety policies and many other...
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...BAC4664 – Internal AuditingSection B01DTrimester 3, 2014/2015 | Internal Auditor and Whistleblowing Policies | Group Assignment | | Prepared by:Gabriella Rena Vanessa Darmadji 1121116458Nur Aida Binti Mohd Jasmin 1121118345 | | | Multimedia University Cyberjaya 2015 | INTRODUCTION Fraud negatively impacts organizations in many ways including financial, reputation, psychological and social implications. According to various surveys, monetary losses from fraud are significant. Thus, the organization has to establish an effective fraud management program that also covers the organization response to the whistleblower in the company. It is clear that corporate have major responsibility in their response of complaints regarding accounting, internal accounting control or audit matters where they have to establish audit procedure for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints. Moreover, the organization has to build appropriate structure of line of reporting for the internal audit to support the effective fraud management program. The report discuss in deep on the Sarbanes Oxley Act 2002 in relation with bursa listing requirement. Furthermore, the whistleblowing also become the main issues on this report. The thorough discussion about what whistleblowing is and the key characteristics to support good whistleblower hotline also is conferred. REPORT Summary and compare the requirements of section 301.4 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act 2002 and compare those...
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