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A Rose for Emily

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Diana BANEGAS
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This is the end of this short story, set in the (imaginary) town of Jefferson, Mississippi. Make clear how the Gothic theme of time and decay is brought in and developed.

The text is an extract from a William Faulkner's short story: A Rose for Emily. Divided in five sections, this extract is the end of the text, compounded of the section III, IV and V. Published in 1930, the story takes place in the fictional city of Jefferson, Mississippi and it is introduced by a mysterious, unnamed narrator who is sometimes grouped with the townspeople and sometimes completely exterior. A Rose for Emily is usually read as a gothic fiction because of the forbidding and eery atmosphere, the heroine's tragic destiny and the focus on morbid ambience. We are in the context of the Reconstruction, after the Civil War. Townsmen are trying to build a new society, modernizing transport and communication. In parallel, this is a story of a mysterious women, Emily Grierson struggling against the time, the society, the tragedy of life and hiding a terrible secret. In this analysis, we will ask about the way to treat the gothic fiction chosen by William Faulkner trough the themes of time and decay. First of all, we will study the obvious confrontation between past and present and the unconventional approach of Faulkner to manipulate time. Secondly, we will analyze the weight and the power of death and how the theme is presented and interpreted. In a third part, we will deal with the tragedy, the pursuit of happiness of Emily, her interpretation of death and love in her unstable mind.

In the extract, the author treats the concept of time in a particular way. Apprehended via different access, he does not follow a conventional method to develop the unfolding of the plot.
As readers, we are traveling in the time through the life of Emily. There is no chronological order. For instance, line 39, Miss Emily is “seventy-four years old” and “the day of her death” is mentioned whereas line 42, “she is about forty” and is a teacher “giving lessons in china-painting”. In a few lines, we are going through three decades, we jump in time to learn about the life of Emily with the help of flashbacks: when the couple is riding around the city on Sunday afternoon (line 10), “when she was about forty” (line 42), when “her taxes had been remitted” (line 45), when the city is equipped by an new “free postal delivery” (line 46), ... Using this stylistic device, called also analepsy, Faulkner interrupts the chronological sequence of events providing us additional information about the character to tell us finally “Thus she passed from generation to generation” line 51.
Another way to treat about the notion of time is to talk about the conflict between past and present occurred by Emily's role and the development of the city. Indeed, at the beginning of our extract, it is said that “the town had just let the contracts for paving the sidewalk” (line 4), a bit further, the town got a public postal service (line 46). It clearly shows that Jefferson is in a process of development in a context of Reconstruction, embracing a more commercial future. At the beginning of the 20th century, the region emerged from the Civil War and tried to update and modernize its communication, its access. Of course, this historic context is also introduced by the theme of slavery, particularly in the second paragraph. The world “nigger” used line 5 and 7 is extremely pejorative. Moreover, the character of Tobe, the black servant is also completely discriminated. He is described by the terms “negro”, “the Negro man”, “the Negro” used several time all along the text to emphasize his position as slave trapped by Emily. Opposite to this evolution of the society, of the city, Emily is completely out of time. She does not want to open her mind and adapt herself in a changing world. For example, line 46 and 47, she squarely refuses to have metallic number affixed to her house: “...Miss Emily alone refused to let them fasten the metal numbers above her door and attach a mailbox to it. She would not listen to them”. With this last sentence, we can understand that she starts to be isolated from the rest of the town. She becomes mysterious, “tranquil and perverse” line 52. Gothic theme is revealed by this rejection of the society, she against everybody, she has an abnormal and antisocial behavior. Moreover, this renunciation to time passing is obvious when townsmen discover Homer Barron's body. She kept him close to her, in the house, in a bedroom to have his presence even if he passed away. She does not accept his death, which is another proof of resistance to change. When they found “a long strand of iron-gray hair” (line 34 page 2) on the bed, it means that she has been sleeping in the same bed all these years. It denotes another side of her unstable psychology. How could she sleep with a corpse for years?

It leads us to the mystical and weird gothic atmosphere, depicted by horror and death.

Conclusion it remembers the movie Psycho even if it is another psychological disorder treated in the subject. Mansion house, the corpse

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