...It is difficult for many to define themselves during adolescence. It may take long time to discover who they are. In a Separate Peace, Gene Forrester experiences an identity crisis. He struggles with the complexity of his emotions that cause him to make mistakes that are too late to amend, so it is easier for him to transform into another person. The moment when Gene wears Phineas’ shirt showcases his aspiration to take over Finny’s character; through this, Knowles reveals that people who rely heavily on a codependent relationship are likely to alter their identity in order to escape from the realties that they will eventually have to deal with sooner or later in life. Gene wears Phineas’ attire and, subsequently, he feels as though Finny’s...
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...Analysing the Israel-Palestine Conflict in International Relations Perspective Introduction to International Relations Analysing the Israel-Palestine Conflict in International Relations Perspective Background Since the early 20th Century, Israelis and Palestinians have been fighting over the land between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea. With the assumption that Palestine is a state to facilitate discussion, this report sketches out the most significant elements of the conflict on the three levels defined by Kenneth Waltz, and applies the Realist theory of international relations (IR) to the “Two-State” solution. Levels of analysis 1. First Level The first level focuses on individuals involved in the international relations. On Israel’s side, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has an important role to play because he has the final word in all political decisions. On the side of Palestine, Mahmoud Abbas enjoys an even stronger position. Not only is he the chairman of Fatah and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), he is also the President of the Palestinian National Authority (PA), which is the ruling body for the Palestinians in Gaza and the West Bank. He does not to have to face elections as he runs an authoritarian regime. On the regional level, the most influential figure is Mohamed Morsi, President of Egypt, who is vital to negotiating efforts for the conflict. Egypt is the first Arab country to accept Israel as...
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...In this academic paper the researcher will endeavor to with the aid of examples assess the view ethnicity in Africa serves to polarize otherwise connected groups. A conclusion based on the data used, and the analysis of material used will be given at the end of this academic work. Ethnic groups are defined as a community of people who share cultural and linguistic characteristics including history, tradition, myth, and origin. Scholars have been trying to develop a theoretical approach to ethnicity and ethnic conflict for a long time. Some, like Donald Horowitz, Ted Gurr, Donald Rothschild and Edward Azar, agree that the ethnic conflicts experienced today-- especially in Africa -- are deep rooted. These conflicts over race, religion, language and identity have become so complex that they are difficult to resolve or manage. Ethnicity has a strong influence on one's status in a community. Ethnic conflicts are therefore often caused by an attempt to secure more power or access more resources. The opinion of this study is that conflict in Africa is synonymous with inequality . Using Nigeria and South Africa as case studies, it compares the management of ethnic conflicts in both countries and shows the difficulties in managing deep-rooted and complex conflicts. The governments of Nigeria and South Africa have taken bold constitutional steps to reduce tension, but the continuing ethnic and religious conflicts raise questions about the effectiveness of these mechanisms. This study...
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...in the Northeast, consequently it provides only a preliminary analysis of the counterinsurgency campaigns in Mizoram and Nagaland.*** 1 From the time of its independence in 1947, India has been plagued by a host of separatist movements as the central government has struggled to integrate a number of religious, racial and ethnic groups into a single multicultural state. Impressively, despite facing a multitude of secessionist movements, India has yet to lose any of its territory. This paper examines the Indian government’s response to the outbreak of separatist violence in Nagaland and Mizoram in the state of Assam. Not only were these insurgencies the Republic of India’s first experience with the phenomenon of separatist insurgency, they were among the most severe. They required an untested government and military to adapt to a form of political warfare with which they had little experience. Through a process of trial and error, India developed an approach to political violence in the Northeast that would guide its response to future insurgencies. The Mizo case is also significant because it was India’s first successfully concluded counterinsurgency campaign, while in Nagaland, political violence was largely contained by the mid-1970s, yet it still continues at a low-level today. The Indian government’s approach was characterized by the use of military force to smother the insurgents and physically separate them from their supporters, while simultaneously making political...
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...1st ed. Vol. 1. Boston, Massachusetts: Pearson, 2015. Corrin, Jay. "The Rise of Fascism." Lecture, Social Science JSA Lecture, Boston, January 30, 2015. "The Doctrine of Fascism: Benito Mussolini." In Readings in Social Theory and Modernization, edited by Kathleen Martin, 107-110. 1st ed. Vol. 1. Boston, Massachusetts: Pearson, 2015. "Nations and Nationalism: Heinrich Von Treitschke." In Readings in Social Theory and Modernization, edited by Kathleen Martin, 71-76. 1st ed. Vol. 1. Boston, Massachusetts: Pearson, 2015. Smith, Nicole. "Analysis and Summary of “Principles of Political Economy” by John Stuart Mill." Article Myriad. December 7, 2011. Accessed April 15, 2015. Marr, Scott. "The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment." Lecture, Social Science JSA Lecture, Boston, January 30, 2015. McGrath, John T. "Classical Liberalism and the Bourgeois State." In The Modernization of the Western World: A Society Transformed, 125-133. 1st ed. Vol. 1. Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe,...
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...A Cup of Coffee with the Linovamvaki Reviving ethnic and cultural integration on the island of Cyprus Michael Apicelli IRP-601 Dayton 18 December 2006 The island-nation of Cyprus, although small, serves as the location of the most long-standing UN Peace-keeping mission in the world. The UN-established “green line” divides Cyprus into two parts, the lower 2/3 of the island known as the Cypriot Republic, is almost exclusively populated by denizens whose ethnic identification is classified as Greek. The northern third of the island, occupied by self-avowed Turkish Cypriots, recognizes itself as the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. The only other country in the world that recognizes the TRNC is Turkey, while the Republic of Cyprus is recognized internationally. While the international community recognizes the Republic of Cyprus as having jurisdiction over the island as a whole, in fact the Republic’s authority stops at the green line, a fact which has led at a number of confusing international issues, including Cyprus’ and Turkey’s EU accession bids. The Beginnings of Cypriot History Cyprus is an island state that has only recently achieved sovereignty. Inhabited for well over two thousand years, it has a four hundred year colonial history of shared culture, language, and mores between the Turkish and Greek Cypriots that populate its scenic mountains, plains, and beaches. These shared mores and sense of culture will prove...
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...and associations that the subject holds, and it and the subject become one with the universal Ideas (Knox 133). “[Art] is a transition from Will to Vision, from Desire to Contemplation” (Knox 134). Art in this sense allows the subject to remove themselves from reality for a moment, to separate themselves from their desires, from the Will; and the subject, object, and perception are combined into one (Knox 133). This escape from reality allows the subject to obtain more understanding of the world in-itself as the art intensifies and clarifies experience (Knox 133). The object becomes a Platonic Ideal; it is no longer an individual, but something that exists as part of a whole species. The subject becomes aware of the themselves as a “will-less subject of knowledge,” where they are no longer an individual (Knox 134). These two things, the objects as an Idea and the subject as a will-less subject, are inseparable parts of aesthetic contemplation (Knox 134). Art releases the subject from the “bondage of life,” but this relief is only temporary, which is the downfall of art (Knox 134). This contemplative state does not last. However, in that moment the subject is removed from all individuality and identity as is the object, allowing the subject to experience a “distilled essence,” sample of the Will, or Idea, which is not qualitatively unique (Knox 134, 136). These aesthetic experiences may not be unique, but they are on a scale. Certain forms of art objectivity the Will less than others...
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... Commodities came to lack authenticity and met ' false needs' . Consumers began to have a passive role , be manipulated, rather than creative and active beings. Karl Marx in his theory of capitalism says that production is for the market and for profit. Veblen's in his reaserch explains how goods are used as symbolic markers of social status, and how consumption is for the purpose of imprassing others.Mackay (1997, p.4) In 1984, Bourdieu provides a seeing of social relations as cultural as well as econimical. He argues that cultural capital is distributed in such way that social groups have different capacities to vest cultural value in symbolic goods.Mackay (1997, p.7) Consumption is the articulation of a sense of identity. What shapes our identity? Is it something that comes from inside of us, or something that we have been influenced...
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...atrocities, presumably because of the personal and identity based nature of the acts. Therefore, many survivors wonder why their specific traditional systems should not become the solution to their specific problems. The intricate and foreign standards of Western law act to estrange local populations and degrade their faith in the system. Both the sheer mass of cases present in a large-scale atrocity and the extensive legal labour required for these cases, constrain the capabilities of an international court to address crime in general. In light of this limited capacity, most international criminal trials are limited to senior officials and organizers. In terms of reconciliation, the reduction of international crimes to only these individuals is problematic in two ways. First, the architects of a crime are often the persons least likely to become involved in peace-building processes; so while their trials may be important, they are not necessarily connected to societal progress. Second, most victims of atrocities like genocide experience direct harm, not from senior officials, but from their neighbors and community members. As such, the reconciliation necessary for peace is needed in individual villages and localities, where former enemies may find themselves interacting on a daily basis. Yet these relationships are largely ignored by the international legal system. The final hope for international criminal law to facilitate peace and societal healing lies in its policing functions...
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...English 202 December 12, 2013 Isolation and the search for self-identity in Native Speaker and The Conversation The quest for self-identity is often one that is complicated and filled with roadblocks. No matter what the time, place or cultural background of a person it is often difficult to be fully at peace with oneself and wholly embrace all aspects of one’s background and identity. Often it is even more difficult for people of mixed cultural and national backgrounds to find a common ground on which they are comfortable planting both feet and feeling as if they have honored the two worlds which they have been exposed to. Chang-Rae Lee’s Native Speaker is an intense novel that does not only deal with issues such as self-identity but gets at the very heart of the conflict that children of immigrants feel and attacks issues of loss and the quest for self-discovery. In Native Speaker, the main character, Henry Park, suffers an identity crisis as he grows up in a Korean household versus growing up in an American world. This paper will discuss the causes and extent of Henry’s crisis. Henry Park has his feet planted in two worlds but feels as if he does not belong to either world. First, is the Korean world in which he was born and raised. Second, is the American world in which he is forced to live in and abide by. To Henry, the conflict of the two worlds is at first seemingly separate and he is able to move carelessly between the two. As a child his parents...
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...COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SOUTH AFICA AND NIGERIA Africa is the second largest continent with vast resources and inhabits more than 12 percent of the world’s population. Although we know that the continent has plenty of resources, Africa remains the world’s poorest and most undeveloped continent. [1]Poverty is widespread, there is a great threat of communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis. Politically, I would say that the country is unstable as there were civil and liberation wars. The lack of development in africa is closely linked to the phenomenon of state weakness which underlines the need for improvement governance as prerequisite for development in Africa. And so corruption is widespread and human rights abuses are a norm among many governments in Africa. When we read about these two nations we see that, South Africa and Nigeria have a lot of influence on African Affairs. Nigeria and South Africa both are blessed their ethnicities and races, an asset to national and economic development. Nigeria and South Africa are both stratified societies. Both the countries were shaped by assumptions and definitions imposed by the British rulers. British imperial rule in both countries provided identities, languages and symbols for ethnic and racial groups. [2]In South Africa, for example, the colonists' policies deepened the differences between Zulus and Xhosas, Ndebele and Vendas, Tswana and Qwaqwa, etc. Also, those of mixed race were segregated from...
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...Dove * 1. UNILEVER’S CATEGORY MANAGEMENT STRATEGY * Then * World’s largest producer but lacked a unified global identity. * Brands managed in a decentralized fashion * Years of slow performance * Lack of sound corporate strategy * Numerous low-volume brands * Small global presence compared to competition * Mediocre performance in emerging markets Now * Reduce portfolio to 400 “core” brands * Path to growth Initiative (Brand building and brand development – separate functions) * Concentrate on product innovation to fuel internal growth * An initiative to create an overall umbrella brand across all Unilever’s brands * 2 WHY DOES UNILEVER WANT FEWER BRANDS? * * Global decentralization brought problems of control. * Company’s brand portfolio had grown is a relatively laissez-faire manner. * Unilever lacked a global identity. * Product categories had checkered identities. * Embarked on a 5 year strategic initiative “Path to Growth”: * - Winnowing 1600 brands down to 400. - Selected “Masterbrands”, mandate to serve as umbrella identities over a range of product forms. * - Global brand unit for each “Masterbrand” * 7. ‘BEAUTIFUL YOU- TODAY, TOMORROW’ - A CALCULATED RISK? Media Explosion on the idea of ‘BEAUTY’ Increased pressure to ‘Look beautiful’ according to popular perception Worldwide criticism of Fashion Brands and...
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...International Security Lecture 1 March 30th, 2015 The politics of security knowledge What is international security? We could start thinking about the security council of the UN But also about the invasion of Afghanistan (chapter 7 UN in order to secure the international security) We can also think about security in terms of the invasion of Iraq in 2003. This was a unilateral act of war, but sure it can also mean other things We can think of the national security agency, the agency in charge of spying all the signals and communications to a certain extent. What’s interesting about the NSA, it is seen as a threat to the security of the privacy. Lately, with the reports of the UN development programme, we start talking about HUMAN security (not military security, but rather the security of individuals, having a livelihood that’s acceptable). Whether security is international or not, it can be a rather confusing word The protection of values we hold dear. We search for it, we pursue it, we achieve it, we deny it to others. * what is to be secured? Is it the security of states? Or individuals? * What is the actual threat that we’re facing? Primarily to be dealing with military threats, or are there other types of threats we are facing. Essentially contested concept A concept that ‘inevitably’ involves endless disputes about their proper uses on the part of their users – Walter Gallie There can be ambiguity (one persons freedom-fighter is the other’s...
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...SCHOOL OF POLITICS & INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS DESIGNING INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS ENQUIRY RESEARCH PROPOSAL TITLE: Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS): Challenges for sustainable peace and security in West Africa? NAME: MICHELLE GOH YIN MEI STUDENT ID: 009937 DATE: May 7th, 2012 LECTURER: Howard Loewen INTRODUCTION This research will investigate and analyse how the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and Economic Community of West African States Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) functions as a peace keeping military security unit in the West African sub-region. It is also an analytical project relevant to the peacekeeping efforts and national security of the region that would identify challenges that ECOWAS may face, in keeping with their objectives. This research will also provide suggestions and explore ways to combat issues in order for ECOWAS to achieve their objectives. This research will be able to identify the cause and possible solutions to the political instability in the West African sub-region. REGIONS The issues of West African regions are important and pose fundamental findings that would that would tackle issues such as military intervention, governance, peace building, peacekeeping, and national security. Peacekeeping and security will intensify and promote economic benefits as well as development process in the West African region benefitting the region, the people...
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...Populist Party. However, they would observe to have little approach. The party tried to gain and came in to power with shortcut coalition’s ways which later proved to become reason for their political demolition. The results of this collaboration were that movement which was turned in to party in 1890 ended up in less than two decades in 1908. People Party merged in to democrats and since then it philosophies remained in papers. The leadership of the party made several abrupt and quick decisions which were threat to political existence of the party. Politics requires struggle, fieldwork and most importantly patience. People’s Party in urge for getting strength and better position made several decisions which influence its significance as separate identity. They must have adopted some better approach to sustain in the political scenario. The party lacked the direction and got involved in the coalitions which did not result positive for them. In 1908, after several coalition participations in the...
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