...toothpaste, tooth powder and dental floss. Focus area for this case is the toothbrush market. Cottle is the market leader (46% market share) in toothbrush market in India. It is perceived as a trusted & quality brand because of its association with IDA (Indian Dental Association). Cottle India is adequately supported by the parent company and follows a decentralized approach for India market strategy. For new markets Cottle’s general approach is to enter market with basic models and competitive prices, and gradually shift the focus to high-margin products. In India Cottle’s most successful toothbrush brand is Complete (accounted for 67% of Cottle’s total unit sales in 2009), which is also the lowest-priced toothbrush for adults. Competitor: Hinda-Daltan & SarIndia are two distant competitors with 21% and 11% market share respectively. The remaining share of toothbrush market is composed of low-quality, low-priced products imported from China and Vietnam. Cottle has a competitive advantage in toothbrush industry due to its manufacturing excellence and flexibility to adjust product-mix to meet demand. Customer: Majority (80%) of the Indian households live on less than $2/day and hence customers are likely to be price sensitive. Indian population can largely be segregated into rural and urban customers. More than 50% of rural population, which accounts for 78% of total population, does not use toothbrush and majority of the remaining do...
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...PART ONE 1. INTRODUCTION Theoretical knowledge is the product of practical knowledge. However, the extent that the knowledge can understand is greatly limited because it doest not come with experience. The academic knowledge is not well enough to complete with real world. It was a great opportunity to experience of practical related work to an appraisal of Colgate toothpaste Company. 1. Background Though we are the student of school of business in under graduate program (Bachelor of Business Administration) We have to do innovate our potentiality to develop our skill in various sources such as Report making, preparing financial statement of different kinds of organization. It is our academic part to prepare a report on “Factors influencing consumer behavior specially focuses on Colgate toothpaste” that’s why we prepare it. 2. Significance It enhances our knowledge base. It gives us a broad idea about marketing analysis. 1.3. Scope of the report Today's business world is a place of challenge. Challenge and problem can come from anywhere & anytime. Marketing prepare people to cope with the competition. 1.4. Objective of the Report 1.4.1 Broad Objective: To identify the factor those influence the consumer behavior to buy a product or service. 1.4.2 Specific Objectives: The broader objective may be broken down into further specific objectives enlisted as follows: o To know the using time of Colgate tooth paste o To find the...
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...MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1)Some countries outlaw ________, a practice in which a company prices its products lower than they are priced at home. 1) _______ A)gray marketing B)dumping C)black marketing D)parallel importing E)countertrading TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 2)A casual research design tracks the responses of the same sample of respondents over time. 2) _______ TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 4)Problem recognition is the first step in the buying decision process in the business market. 4) _______ MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 5)Why would a company adopt an undifferentiated targeting strategy when there is so much evidence of the benefits of a differentiated strategy? 5) _______ A)to take advantage of economies of scale B)to remove the need for disintermediation C)to move a product to the next stage of its product life cycle D)to more efficiently focus on its CRM strategy E)all of the above TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 6)The evaluation stage for a product is longer for an impulse purchase than it is for a shopping product. 6) _______ MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 7)Brand managers are...
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...Colgate: Global Strategies, Local Strength 2010 Annual Report Colgate: Global Strategies, Local Strength Succeeding With Consumers, The Profession And Our Customers u Innovating Everywhere u Effectiveness And Efficiency In Everything u Strengthening Leadership Worldwide u Colgate-Palmolive Company is a $15.6 billion global company serving people in more than 200 countries and territories with consumer products that make lives healthier and more enjoyable. The Company focuses on strong global brands in its core businesses – Oral Care, Personal Care, Home Care and Pet Nutrition. Colgate follows a tightly defined strategy to grow market shares for key products, such as toothpaste, toothbrushes, bar and liquid soaps, deodorants/antiperspirants, dishwashing detergents, household cleaners, fabric conditioners and specialty pet food. Cover: Photo taken in Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China Contents: Financial Highlights Dear Colgate Shareholder Succeeding With Consumers Succeeding With The Profession Succeeding With Our Customers Innovating Everywhere Effectiveness And Efficiency In Everything 18 Strengthening Leadership Worldwide 2 4 8 10 12 14 16 20 Colgate’s Corporate Governance Commitment 21 Your Board Of Directors 22 Your Management Team 23 Non-GAAP Reconciliation Of Financial Measures 24 Global Financial Review/Form 10-K IBC Shareholder Information t Mexico Financial Highlights 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Net Sales ($ millions) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 $12...
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...Colgate: Global Strategies, Local Strength 2010 Annual Report Colgate: Global Strategies, Local Strength Succeeding With Consumers, The Profession And Our Customers u Innovating Everywhere u Effectiveness And Efficiency In Everything u Strengthening Leadership Worldwide u Colgate-Palmolive Company is a $15.6 billion global company serving people in more than 200 countries and territories with consumer products that make lives healthier and more enjoyable. The Company focuses on strong global brands in its core businesses – Oral Care, Personal Care, Home Care and Pet Nutrition. Colgate follows a tightly defined strategy to grow market shares for key products, such as toothpaste, toothbrushes, bar and liquid soaps, deodorants/antiperspirants, dishwashing detergents, household cleaners, fabric conditioners and specialty pet food. Cover: Photo taken in Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China Contents: Financial Highlights Dear Colgate Shareholder Succeeding With Consumers Succeeding With The Profession Succeeding With Our Customers Innovating Everywhere Effectiveness And Efficiency In Everything 18 Strengthening Leadership Worldwide 2 4 8 10 12 14 16 20 Colgate’s Corporate Governance Commitment 21 Your Board Of Directors 22 Your Management Team 23 Non-GAAP Reconciliation Of Financial Measures 24 Global Financial Review/Form 10-K IBC Shareholder Information t Mexico Financial Highlights 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Net Sales ($ millions) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 $12...
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...INTRODUCTION 0.1. BACKGROUND Mobile telecommunications industry has grown exponentially over the last two decades (Kenny and Keremane, 2007). In some countries, the mobile sector has become a critical indicator of economic development. Mobile technology provides a unique opportunity for the developing countries where telephone diffusion has been very low. Specifically, due to its comparatively low investment requirements, mobile telecommunications allows these countries to take advantage of technological innovations to provide communications services in the areas with limited or no telephone network (Noll, 2000; Thompson and Garbacz, 2007). However, the potential of mobile telecommunications has not been fully utilized in many parts of the world. This is evident from its uneven pattern of diffusion, with over 94% penetration rate in Europe in contrast to that of 22% in Africa (ITU, 2007). In the last decade, mobile communication in Ghana has grown rapidly and users benefit from smaller devices and longer lasting accessories. Wider bandwidths are always available from competing firms who task themselves with setting new communication standards within the industry. This has called for a critical attention for mobile telecommunication service providers to utilize a multiplicity of strategies in sustaining current customer base and bringing new ones on board and to make these customers very loyal to the brand. One major tool being used is sales promotion. This communication...
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...Learning Outcomes By the time you finish this chapter you will be able to LO 5.1 Identify the essential elements of successful reading. LO 5.2 Explain how to improve concentration and read more effectively. LO 5.3 Discuss techniques for memorizing large amounts of information. LO 5.4 Analyze how best to retain what you have read. Page 104 “R ead the next chapter in the textbook by Tuesday.” “Read the first two articles in the course pack by next class.” “The test will cover the first hundred pages in your book, so be sure you've read it.” One day, three different reading assignments, Jeff Knowles thought as the instructor of his last class of the day delivered this last instruction to read. It would be hard enough for Jeff to complete all this reading during an ordinary week. But this week he had to finish painting his garage and had volunteered to help his brother move. On top of that, there was his part-time landscaping job—and, Jeff suddenly remembered, he'd agreed to work overtime on Friday. Still, Jeff figured that even with all his work, family, and household obligations, he could still find time to do all his reading—except Jeff believed he was an unusually slow reader. When he pushed himself to read quicker and absorb more, he actually read and retained less. For Jeff, the problem wasn't just completing the reading—it was remembering it when test time rolled around. LookingAhead For people like Jeff, reading assignments are the biggest challenge...
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...TO STICK Why Some Ideas Survive and Others Die • • • C H I P H E AT H & D A N H E AT H Copyright © 2007 by Chip Heath and Dan Heath All rights reserved. Published in the United States by Random House, an imprint of The Random House Publishing Group, a division of Random House, Inc., New York. Random House and colophon are registered trademarks of Random House, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Heath, Chip. Made to stick : why some ideas survive and others die / Chip Heath & Dan Heath p. cm. Includes index. eISBN: 978-1-58836-596-5 1. Social psychology. 2. Contagion (Social psychology). 3. Context effects (Psychology). I. Heath, Dan. II. Title. HM1033.H43 2007 302'.13—dc22 2006046467 www.atrandom.com Designed by Stephanie Huntwork v1.0 To Dad, for driving an old tan Chevette while putting us through college. To Mom, for making us breakfast every day for eighteen years. Each. C O N T E N T S INTRODUCTION WHAT STICKS? 3 Kidney heist. Movie popcorn. Sticky = understandable, memorable, and effective in changing thought or behavior. Halloween candy. Six principles: SUCCESs. The villain: Curse of Knowledge. It’s hard to be a tapper. Creativity starts with templates. CHAPTER 1 SIMPLE 25 Commander’s Intent. THE low-fare airline. Burying the lead and the inverted pyramid. It’s the economy, stupid. Decision paralysis. Clinic: Sun exposure. Names, names, and names. Simple = core + compact. Proverbs. The Palm Pilot wood block. Using...
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...vast numbers will read Toffler's book." Betty Friedan: "Brilliant and true ... Should be read by anyone with the responsibility of leading or participating in movements for change in America today." Marshall McLuhan: "FUTURE SHOCK ... is 'where it's at.'" Robert Rimmer, author of The Harrad Experiment: "A magnificent job ... Must reading." John Diebold: "For those who want to understand the social and psychological implications of the technological revolution, this is an incomparable book." WALL STREET JOURNAL: "Explosive ... Brilliantly formulated." LONDON DAILY EXPRESS: "Alvin Toffler has sent something of a shock-wave through Western society." LE FIGARO: "The best study of our times that I know ... Of all the books that I have read in the last 20 years, it is by far the one that has taught me the most." THE TIMES OF INDIA: "To the elite ... who often get committed to age-old institutions or material goals alone, let Toffler's FUTURE SHOCK be a lesson and a warning." MANCHESTER GUARDIAN: "An American book that will ... reshape our thinking even more radically than Galbraith's did in the 1950s ... The book is more than a book, and it will do more than send reviewers raving ... It is a spectacular outcrop of a formidable, organized intellectual effort ... For the first time in history scientists are marrying the insights of artists, poets, dramatists, and novelists to statistical analysis and operational research. The two cultures have met and are being merged. Alvin Toffler is one...
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...Chapter Overview 16.1 Social Thought and Behavior Groups Core Social Motives CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 16.1 Describing 16.3 Attribution: The Person or the Situation? Fundamental Attribution Error Actor-Observer Bias Defensive Attribution Self-Serving Bias Social Roles 16.2 Person Perception Social Categorization Physical Appearance Stereotypes Subjectivity Culture and Person Perception CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 16.3 Explaining Attributional Biases 16.4 Attitudes and Social Judgments Components of Attitudes Relieving Cognitive Dissonance Influencing Attitudes: Persuasion The Foot-in-the-Door Technique Role Playing Affects Attitudes CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 16.2 Person Perception and Musical Tastes Culture and Attitudes CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 16.4 Explaining Persuasion 16 Learning Objectives Social Psychology 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 16.7 Define social psychology. Compare and contrast social cognition, social influence, and social norms. Describe the core social motives. Illustrate social categorization. Discuss how stereotypes and subjectivity impact personal perception. Explain the various types of attribution. Describe the components of attitudes. Illustrate the different ways to influence attitudes. Differentiate between conformity, obedience, and compliance. Describe the biological, psychological, and sociocultural aspects of prejudice, aggression, and attraction. Discuss the pros and cons of group influence on an individual...
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...10000 quiz questions and answers www.cartiaz.ro 10000 general knowledge questions and answers 10000 general knowledge questions and answers www.cartiaz.ro No Questions Quiz 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 Carl and the Passions changed band name to what How many rings on the Olympic flag What colour is vermilion a shade of King Zog ruled which country What colour is Spock's blood Where in your body is your patella Where can you find London bridge today What spirit is mixed with ginger beer in a Moscow mule Who was the first man in space What would you do with a Yashmak Who betrayed Jesus to the Romans Which animal lays eggs On television what was Flipper Who's band was The Quarrymen Which was the most successful Grand National horse Who starred as the Six Million Dollar Man In the song Waltzing Matilda - What is a Jumbuck Who was Dan Dare's greatest enemy in the Eagle What is Dick Grayson better known as What was given on the fourth day of Christmas What was Skippy ( on TV ) What does a funambulist do What is the name of Dennis the Menace's dog What are bactrians and dromedaries Who played The Fugitive Who was the King of Swing Who was the first man to fly across the channel Who starred as Rocky Balboa In which war was the charge of the Light Brigade Who invented the television Who would use a mashie niblick In the song who killed Cock Robin What do deciduous...
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...M.Sc. Program DISTANCE LEARNING ASSIGNMENT Introduction to Occupational Health Q1.( A) Define Health Hazards. Explain the processes that can be hazardous for the health of workers with examples. ANS. Health hazard is the state of events which has the potential to threaten and / or adversely affect health of the exposed employees. Or A danger to health resulting from exposure to environmental pollutants, such as asbestos or ionizing radiation, or to a life-style choice, such as cigarette smoking or chemical abuse. Health hazards may be classified as below 1. Chemical 2. Physical 3. Mechanical 4. Biological 5. Psychosocial Above mentioned hazards as well as all other health hazards are disastrous due to their adverse effects on exposed people like Bodily injury, Disease, Change in the way the body functions, grows, or develops, Effects on a developing fetus (teratogenic effects, fetotoxic effects), Effects on children, grandchildren, etc. (inheritable genetic effects) Decrease in life span, Change in mental condition resulting from stress, traumatic experiences, exposure to solvents. Effects on the ability to accommodate additional stress Following are some processes that can be hazardous for the health of workers 1. Abrasive blasting; abrasive blasting operations can create high levels of dust and noise. Abrasive material and the surface being blasted may contain toxic materials (e.g., lead paint, silica) that are hazardous...
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...Engineering: An Introduction for High School Annapurna Ganesh Chell Roberts Dale Baker Darryl Morrell Janel White-Taylor Stephen Krause Tirupalavanam G. Ganesh Say Thanks to the Authors Click http://www.ck12.org/saythanks (No sign in required) www.ck12.org iii To access a customizable version of this book, as well as other interactive content, visit www.ck12.org CK-12 Foundation is a non-profit organization with a mission to reduce the cost of textbook materials for the K-12 market both in the U.S. and worldwide. Using an open-content, web-based collaborative model termed the FlexBook®, CK-12 intends to pioneer the generation and distribution of high-quality educational content that will serve both as core text as well as provide an adaptive environment for learning, powered through the FlexBook Platform®. Copyright © 2011 CK-12 Foundation, www.ck12.org The names “CK-12” and “CK12” and associated logos and the terms “FlexBook®”, and “FlexBook Platform®”, (collectively “CK-12 Marks”) are trademarks and service marks of CK-12 Foundation and are protected by federal, state and international laws. Any form of reproduction of this book in any format or medium, in whole or in sections must include the referral attribution link http://www.ck12.org/saythanks (placed in a visible location) in addition to the following terms. Except as otherwise noted, all CK-12 Content (including CK-12 Curriculum Material) is made available to Users in accordance with the Creative Commons...
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...concepts and definition Objectives: By the end of this lesson you will be able to: Explain why marketing managers should understand consumer behavior Define and explain basic concepts in the study of consumer behavior. Introduction Why is it difficult to market any product to consumers? The reason is simple: Consumers are complex and constantly changing. Not only is it difficult to figure what marketing program will work but also what worked yesterday may not work today. Thus marketers must constantly improve their understanding of customers. Understanding consumer behavior and knowing your customers is never simple. Customers may say one thing but do another. They may not be in touch with their deeper motivation. They may respond to last minute influences. Some companies like Kenya Airways, Equity Bank, Microsoft, Coca-Cola e.t.c have stood to profit from understanding how and why their customers buy. On the other hand not understanding your customer’s motivations, needs and preferences can hurt. In Kenya, companies like Elliott’s and Sang Yong Motors failed. Consider also the case of Kodak when it introduced its Advantage camera and proudly marketed it as a high-tech product but to a generation (usually referred to as middle-aged baby comers) for which the bells and whistles of new technology had lost their appeal. It was a costly bust. Basic definitions and concepts Marketing: Just to remind ourselves we can say that marketing is typically seen as the task of creating...
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...Advertising, Promotion, and other aspects of Integrated Marketing Communications Terence A. Shimp University of South Carolina Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States Advertising, Promotion, & Other Aspects of Integrated Marketing Communications, 8e Terence A. Shimp Vice President of Editorial, Business: Jack W. Calhoun Vice President/Editor-in-Chief: Melissa S. Acuna Acquisitions Editor: Mike Roche Sr. Developmental Editor: Susanna C. Smart Marketing Manager: Mike Aliscad Content Project Manager: Corey Geissler Media Editor: John Rich Production Technology Analyst: Emily Gross Frontlist Buyer, Manufacturing: Diane Gibbons Production Service: PrePressPMG Sr. Art Director: Stacy Shirley Internal Designer: Chris Miller/cmiller design Cover Designer: Chris Miller/cmiller design Cover Image: Getty Images/The Image Bank Permission Aquistion Manager/Photo: Deanna Ettinger Permission Aquistion Manager/Text: Mardell Glinski Schultz © 2010, 2007 South-Western, Cengage Learning ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, information storage and retrieval systems, or in any other manner—except as may be permitted by the license terms herein. For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Cengage Learning Customer &...
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