...enabling functionality How do we implement spectrum sensing in a system? Spectrum Sensing Problem Primary User Cognitive Radio users must guarantee non-interference requirement Tx Rx CR CR Decoding SNR Sensing SNR distance Distance and channel not known Cognitive radio can only observe (sense) primary system Tx signals Need to sense signals in highly negative SNR Sensing SNR < Decoding SNR – worst case channel Sensing SNR < [5dB to 20 dB] – [20 dB to 40 dB] = [-35 to 0 dB] Designing Spectrum Sensors – Sensing Requirements set by Primary User system ● Signal level (dBm) ● Maximum detection time (s) ● Interference protection (%) – Can we use standard detection techniques? ● Energy detection ● Pilot detection ● Feature detection – Can a radio sense primary signals robustly and guarantee noninterference to primary users in negative SNR regimes?...
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...Nathan Jacquin UI355 2/9/2010 2010 Ford F-150 Review: http://usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/cars-trucks/Ford_F-150/ "Yes, Dearborn has its troubles but this is the best pickup truck on God's little acre. Yes, the Japanese have beaten up on the domestics, but Toyota and Nissan only wish they knew how to build a full-sizer as tight, as tough, as well-sorted, as keen and mean as the thing behind the Blue Oval. I mean, people, it isn't even close. My Car of the Year is a truck." According to the Los Angeles Times, the new 2010 Ford F-150 ranked the top vehicle of the year. The Auto Press actually proclaims the F-150 number 1 against the other 8 competitors who make full size pickup trucks. Based on the numbers from performance, exterior, interior, safety, and reliability the U.S. News scores the Ford at a 9.0. For all of you Ford haters out there, I would take a look at this review and think twice before you say “Found On Road Dead” or “Fix Or Repair Daily.” The review is not saying that the 2010 Ford is not the only option it just ranks as the top for trucks. The 2010 Ford F-150 has numerous features stretching from heated seats to a Platinum trim package. It offers many options to truck buyers, but the basic version is an automatic two-wheel drive regular cab with a 6 ½ foot bed XL priced at MSRP $21,820. The fuel economy is great on the new 2010’s with a MPG of 15 city and 21 highway. These are the basic specs if you go to a Ford Dealership and buy this right off...
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...(MD 200) route is a partially completed toll freeway which will link existing and proposed development areas between the I-270/I-370 . In review of exiting ArcGIS service map file ChartBG.mxd (on the “chartdevgis” server C:\arcgisserver\MapDocument\) – a Chart interactive background map, we can know that there is a miss for the ICC route. To make the background map with a complete required feature route present in the map, we need to update the existing ChartBG geodatabase to make up the missed ICC route (MD 200) by using the new data provided by SHA. The update requires the three feature classes are available in the existing ChartBG map service file. That means the existing interstates feature classes will be required to append new features from the data below. 1. ICC centerline (MD 200) 2. ICC Milepost 3. ICC MileExits In brief, the purpose of the geodatabase update is to add the ICC related features into the existing geodatabase by appending them to the corresponding feature class. 2. Describing the new data source about ICC centerline and mileposts and mile-exits a. Roads (Centerline with ICC) The SHA provided ICC centerline data is come from the “roads” shape file which is located in the folder called “D:\ICC_Original_DataSource” on the server of...
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...| 24 hours | GP-GP | GP-Other operator | 1 Super FnF (GP-GP) | | 5 paisa/ 10 second | N/A | 14 FnF numbers (GP-GP & GP-Others) | | 11 paisa/ 10 second | 11 paisa/ 10 second | Voice Calls | | 25 paisa/ 10 second | 25 paisa/ 10 second | Pulse | | 10 second | SMS (On-net, Off-net & F&F) | | 50 paisa/SMS (within 160 characters) | Note: * Write SF (space) your desired GP number and send SMS to 2888 * 10 second pulse will be applicable for On/Off-net and F&F calls * No differential charging will be applicable (Same for 1st and rest of the minutes * Bondhu subscribers can also migrate to the other prepaid price plans i.e. Nishchinto, Amontron and djuice packages. * 15% VAT will be applicable on all charges * 15 F&F numbers in total * 1 GP-GP super F&F * 14 (maximum) GP-GP F&F or GP-Other operator F&F in any combination * Calls to GP-GP Super F&F numbers at 5 paisa/ 10 second * Calls to GP-GP F&F numbers at 11 paisa/ 10 second * Calls to other operator F&F number at 11 paisa/ 10 second * All GP-GP calls (excluding F&F calls) at 25 paisa/ 10 second * All GP-Other Operator calls (excluding F&F calls) at 25 paisa/ 10 second Nishchinto * Tariff Nischinto | Time | Call rate | Voice Call | 24 hours | GP-GP | GP-Other operator | | | 15 paisa/ 10 second | Local SMS | | 50 paisa/ SMS (within 160 characters limit) | Pulse | | 10 second | 15% VAT applicable with all tariffs Special...
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...True or False 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. F 9. T 10. T 11. T 12. T 13. F 14. T 15. T 16. F 17. F 18. T 19. T 20. T 1. 3 Major Revisions and 11 minor. The latest SQL standard was adopted in July 2003 and is often called SQL:2003. 2. SQL Express SQL Server Express supports most of the features and functionality of SQL Server. The following table lists some of the major features and components that are supported. Stored Procedures | SQL Server Configuration Manager | Views | Replication (as a subscriber only) | Triggers | Advanced Query Optimizer | Cursors | SMO/RMO | sqlcmd and osql utilities | Integration with Visual Studio 2005 | Snapshot Isolation Levels | Service Broker (as a client only)¹ | Native XML support, including XQuery and XML Schemas | SQL CLR | Transact-SQL language support | Multiple Active Result Sets (MARS) | Dedicated Administrator Connection² | Import/Export Wizard | SQL Server Express supports Service Broker, but direct communication between two SQL Server Express servers is not supported. The Dedicated Administrator Connection feature for SQL Server Express is supported with the trace flag 7806. SQL Server Features Not Supported in SQL Server Express SQL Server features not supported in SQL Server Express | SQL Server features from previous versions not supported in SQL Server Express | Database mirroring | SQL Mail | Online...
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...Figure F-1 http://www.exploringnature.org/graphics/mammals/bear_polar_bw_diagram150.jpg Figure F-2 http://forums.bowsite.com/tf/pics/00small78686148.JPG Some animals are noted for their physiology to live in certain conditions. One of those animals is the polar bear who lives in the extreme cold temperatures of the Arctic. In figure F-1, shown are several features which helps the Polar bear adapt to environment minus a few which will be noted later. These amazing powerful creatures are one of the few mammals which have adapted to its marine environment. As seen in figure F-1, the polar bear has large feet. “To help protect their feet, there are pads on the bottom of them. They are designed to give them plenty of traction for walking on the slippery ice” (2011). The ground in the arctic is permanently frozen. In order for the polar bear to be able to walk on the ground and keep warm, they have these large padded feet to assist them in their living environment. These padded feet are also equipped with large claws which are used in hunting their prey. The polar bear's Latin name, ursus maritimus, means “sea bear” (2011). This animal is one of the few mammals which depends on it s marine environment for survival. As shown above in Figure F-1, the polar bear has short legs and large feet to allow them to propel through the water quickly. Because of these physiological features, the polar bear is able to catch its prey quickly and efficiently. Another interesting...
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...Write the names of a few commonly used storage media. 2) How will you use AutoFormat feature of MS Excel. 3) Define hyper linking. Write the steps of it. 4) Mention any two feature of good word document. 5) Define custom Path with an example. 6) Discuss the use of Max () function? Give the Syntax and explain with the help of suitable example. 7) Write the steps required to perform a mail merge. Explain with the help of an example. 8) Answer the following questions 9) Distinguish between Array sum and Auto sum. 10) List any three features of Web browser. 11) Mention any three formatting features of Ms Word. 12) Name the major types of customs animation. How to apply it on a text present in a slide. 13) How will you change the case of characters from lowercase to uppercase in Msword? 14) Differentiate between Web page and Website. 15) How will you use AutoSum feature of MS Excel. 16) What are the uses of Header and Footer in MS Word? 17) Mention any two uses of bullets and numbering? 18) Define custom Path with an example. 19) Discuss the use of Min () function? Give the Syntax and explain with the help of suitable example. 20) List all the steps required to perform a mail merge. Explain with the help of an example. 21) Answer the following questions from the given table below: | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | 1 | Sl.no | Name | English | Math | Computers | Total | Average | 2 | 1001 | Karan...
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...10.1037/a0033236 Age-Related Decline of Precision and Binding in Visual Working Memory Muy-Cheng Peich UCL Institute of Neurology and Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and University of Paris Masud Husain UCL Institute of Neurology and Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and University of Oxford Paul M. Bays UCL Institute of Neurology and Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience Working memory declines with normal aging, but the nature of this impairment is debated. Studies based on detecting changes to arrays of visual objects have identified two possible components to age-related decline: a reduction in the number of items that can be stored, or a deficit in maintaining the associations (bindings) between individual object features. However, some investigations have reported intact binding with aging, and specific deficits arising only in Alzheimer’s disease. Here, using a recently developed continuous measure of recall fidelity, we tested the precision with which adults of different ages could reproduce from memory the orientation and color of a probed array item. The results reveal a further component of cognitive decline: an age-related decrease in the resolution with which visual information can be maintained in working memory. This increase in recall variability with age was strongest under conditions of greater memory load. Moreover, analysis of the distribution of errors revealed that older participants were more likely to incorrectly report one of the unprobed...
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...model and parallel model of information diffusion building the macroscopic model. We draw a conclusion that when information networks become extremely developed, information networks have the ability to connect the source node to anyone in society. Moreover, based on the macroscopic model we build the microscopic model to measure the probability of information diffusion of any two neighboring nodes. We conclude that factors determining the probability of information diffusion contain two kinds: features of nodes and features of edges. We use the Fitting Method to determine the calculation model of the probability of information diffusion. We use our algorithm validate the probability of information diffusion of Paris attack event, the result is correspond to the reality. And the algorithm can be extended to many social platforms, so it has a relatively high generalization. Last but not least, we make a sensitivity for the microscopic model discussing the impact of changing of the features of nodes and edges. Through previous analysis, the abilities of prediction of the two model are...
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...1 Usability Engineering Bettina Thurnher Institute of Software Technology and fS f Interactive Systems (IFS) Vienna University of Technology 2 Outline Definition & Moti ation Motivation The Usability Process y Usability Methods Usability d Process M d l U bilit and P Model Mobile Usability Engineering y g g Web Usability 3 Definition & Motivation 4 What is usability? Usability: a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a specified context of use Appropriate f a purpose A i t for Comprehensible, usable, (learnable), … Ergonomic, hi h E i high-performance, … f Reliable, robust, … Usability is a quality attribute that assesses how easy user interfaces are to use The word "usability" also refers to methods for improving ease-of-use during the design process 5 What is usability? Five quality components Learnability: How easy is it for users to accomplish basic tasks the first time they encounter the design? Efficiency: Once users have learned the design, how quickly can they perform tasks? Memorability: When users return to the design after a period of not using it, how easily can they reestablish proficiency? Errors: How many errors do users make, how severe y , are these errors, and how easily can they recover from the errors? Satisfaction: How pleasant is it to use the design? 6 What is usability? A model of the attributes of system acceptability 7 What is...
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...The fuzzy value v obtained from the patient’s conditions /symptoms for the feature rij as s[rij]. This cause/effect δij would be one of the fuzzy sets Yes, No and May Be. represented by: δij = Pij [rij , s[rij]] By summing up the cause/effect of all ki relevant features, the complete diagnosis decision for the ith disease obtained as given below: When diagnosing a disease, weighting factor wij introduced which allow the physician to specify some features have more or less significance than others features and then set proper relative values to weights. If all the features have the same significance, then the weighting factor will be unity for all features. Hence the new complete diagnosis decision value given as : Finally, to obtain crisp values that specifying the certainty of presence for every disease in the set...
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...autonomously select the data points from which they will learn. There are many data mining applications in which large amounts of unlabeled data are readily available, but labels (e.g., human annotations or results from complex experiments) are costly to obtain. In such scenarios, an active learning algorithm aims at identifying data points that, if labeled and used for training, would most improve the learned model. Labels are then obtained only for the most promising data points. This speeds up learning and reduces labeling costs. Support vector machine (SVM) classifiers are particularly well-suited for active learning due to their convenient mathematical properties. They perform linear classification, typically in a kernel-induced feature space, which makes measuring the distance of a data point from the decision boundary straightforward. Furthermore, heuristics can efficiently estimate how strongly learning from a data point influences the current model. This information can be used to actively select training samples. After a brief introduction to the active learning problem, we discuss different query strategies for selecting informative data points and review how these strategies give rise to different variants of active learning with SVMs. 1 Introduction In many applications of supervised learning in data mining, huge amounts of unlabeled data samples are cheaply...
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...290 IEEE TRANSACTIONS AUTOMATIC CONTROL, VOL. ON AC-29,NO. 4, APRIL 1984 The Control of a Prosthetic Arm by EMG Pattern Recognition Abstract -An electromyographic (EMG) signal pattern recognition system is constructed for real-lime control a prostheticarm through precise of identificationof motion and speed command. A probabiistic modelofthe EMG patterns is f i i formulatedinthe featurespace of integralabsolute d u e (IAV) to describetherelation betweena command, represented by motion and speed variables, and location and shape of the corresponding pattern. The model provides the sample probability density function of pattern classes in the decision space relations between L4V, of variance zero and crossings based on the variance, and zero crossings established in this paper. Pattern classification is carried out through a multiclass sequential decision procedure designed with an emphasis on computational simplicity. The upper bound of probability of error and the average number of sample observationsareinvestigated. Speed andmotionpredictionsareusedin conjunctionwiththe decision proceduretoenhance decision speed and reliability. A decomposition ruleis famulated for the direct assignment of speed to each primitive motion involved ina combined motion..4 learning procedure i also designedforthedecisionprocessorto s adaptlong-termpattern variation. Experimental results are discussed in the Appendix. I. INTRODUCTION HE electromyographc (EMG) signals are the electric...
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...ro1970’s Pascal is an influential imperative and procedural programming language, designed in 1968–1969 and published in 1970 by Niklaus Wirth as a small and efficient language intended to encourage good programming practices using structured programming and data structuring. A derivative known as Object Pascal designed for object-oriented programming was developed in 1985. ------------------------------- C is a general-purpose programming language initially developed by Dennis Ritchie between 1969 and 1973 at AT&T Bell Labs. Like most imperative languages in the ALGOL tradition, C has facilities for structured programming and allows lexical variable scope and recursion, while a static type system prevents many unintended operations. Its design provides constructs that map efficiently to typical machine instructions, and therefore it has found lasting use in applications that had formerly been coded in assembly language, most notably system software like the Unix computer operating system. ----------------------------------- Prolog is a general purpose logic programming language associated with artificial intelligence and computational linguistics. Prolog has its roots in first-order logic, a formal logic, and unlike many other programming languages, Prolog is declarative: the program logic is expressed in terms of relations, represented as facts and rules. A computation is initiated by running a query over these relations. The language was first conceived by a...
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...RECALL AND PERSUASION Does Creative Advertising Matter? Brian D. Till and Daniel W. Baack ABSTRACT: Creativity is an important component of advertising. This research examines the potential effectiveness of creative advertising in enhancing recall, brand attitude, and purchase intent. Our basic methodology compares a set of randomly selected award-winning commercials (Communication Arts) with a random sample of control commercials. The commercials were embedded in television programs and subjects for a naturalistic viewing experience. Studies 1 and 2 had aided and unaided brand and execution recall as dependent variables. For Study 3, brand attitude and purchase intent were the dependent variables of interest. Results indicated that creative commercials facilitate unaided recall, but that creativity did not enhance aided recall, purchase intent, or brand and advertisement attitude. The basic advantage of creative advertising in enhancing unaided recall was found to persist over a one-week delay. Creativity is arguably a very important component of advertising. Advertising agencies pride themselves on industry awards, which are often focused more on the creativity of the advertising than brand performance. Past research on the topic has ranged from focusing on formulaic scales of creativity (e.g., Barron 1988; Kneller 1965; White and Smith 2001) to discussing creative strategy in holistic terms (e.g.. Bell 1992; Blasko and Mokwa 1986). A small number of empirical studies of...
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