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A2 Cold War, Unit 3

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Submitted By laksi1997
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Seeds of conflict

What were the characteristics of Cold War?

Ideologies : Communism v. capitalism
Capitalism: production of goods and distribution is dependent on private capital with a view to making profit; capitalist economies run by individuals rather than by state
Communism: hostile to capitalism, which exploits workers; ideally all property, businesses & industry should be state-owned, ‘each gives according to their ability to those according to their need’

Economics: Marshall Plan (1947) – provision of fuel, raw materials, goods, loans, food, ……………..machinery advisers
US exploited it financial power to export Western values – dollar imperialism
1948-52, US Congress voted nearly $13bn economic aid to Europe
Trade war with Communist countries, e.g. Cuba

Military tensions: Korean War (1950-3), Vietnam (early 1960s -1973); US …………military …………..build-up, e.g. 1960 2.4 US military personnel around world; …………1959, 1,500 ………….military bases in 31 countries

Treaties: NATO (1949) – North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
SEATO (1954)– South East Asia Treaty Organisation
Warsaw Pact (1955)– military defensive pact amongst eastern European nations
COMECON (1949)– Council for Mutual Economic Assistance

Propaganda: European Recovery Program – propaganda as much as economic ………..exercise
Benefits of Marshall Plan advertised
Italy became a focus of economic rebuilding after WWII - ‘Operation Bambi’ used minstrels, puppet shows and film

Espionage: CIA (1947) – founded to co-ordinate information gathering on ………USSR and ………..Allies. Activities included:
Support for anti-Communist political leaders, e.g. Christian Democrats, 1948 elections
‘Regime change’, e.g. overthrow of left-wing govt in Iran & Guatemala, Operation Executive Action (1961), collaborated with Mafia to overthrow Fidel Castro

Arms race: 1945 US tested and detonated 1st atomic

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