...Introduction to the Thermodynamics of Materials Third Edition David R. Gaskell Preliminaries ‡ Settings Off@General::spellD ‡ Physical Constants Needed for Problems ü Heat Capacities The generic heat capcity c 105 bT Å Cp = a + ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ + ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ ; T2 103 The heat capacities of various elements and compounds are CpAgs = Cp ê. 8a Ø 21.30, b Ø 8.54, c Ø 1.51 8.3144 , Rla -> 0.082057 < ; The number of moles can be calculated from the starting state: P 1 V1 nmols = ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ ê. nums ; Å Rla T1 subs = Append@nums, n -> nmolsD 8V1 Ø 10, T1 Ø 298, P1 Ø 10, P2 Ø 1, R Ø 8.3144, Rla Ø 0.082057, n Ø 4.08948< Finally, this constant will convert liter-atm energy units to Joule energy units. All results are given in Joules: laToJ = 101.325 ; ü 1. Reversible, Isothermal Process In an isothermal process for an ideal gas, DU = 0 ; DH = 0 ; thus heat and work are equal and given by: P2 q = w = n R T1 LogA ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ E J ê. subs P1 -23330.9 J 16 Notes on Gaskell Text ü 2. Reversible Adiabatic Expansion In an adiabatic expansion q = 0; and P V g is a constant. Thus the final state has 1êg g P2 V2 i P1 V1 y Å ; T2 = ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ ê. g -> 5 ê 3 Å V2 = j ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ z j z n Rla k P2 { P1 V 1 P2 I ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ M P ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ2 ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ Å n Rla 5ê3 3ê5 For an ideal gas cv = 3R/2; thus 3 DU = ÅÅÅÅ n R HT2 - T1 L ê. subs 2 -9147.99 or we can use 3 DU = ÅÅÅÅ HP2 V2 - P1 V1 L laToJ ê. Append@subs, g -> 5 ê 3D 2 -9148.02 For some numeric results, the...
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...SECTION 7A HEATING AND VENTILATION SYSTEM CAUTION: Disconnect the negative battery cable before removing or installing any electrical unit or when a tool or equipment could easily come in contact with exposed electrical terminals. Disconnecting this cable will help prevent personal injury and damage to the vehicle. The ignition must also be in B unless otherwise noted. TABLE OF CONTENTS Description and Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7A-2 Heating and Ventilation Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . 7A-2 Component Locator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7A-3 Control Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7A-3 Blower Module Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7A-4 Air Distributor and Heater Module Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7A-5 Diagnostic Informatin and Procedures . . . . . . . 7A-6 Heater System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7A-6 Insufficient Heating or Defrosting . . . . . . . . . . . . 7A-6 Blower Electrical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7A-10 Improper Air Delivery or No Mode Shift . . . . . . 7A-11 Too Much Heat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7A-13 Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7A-15 Blower Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7A-16 Repair Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7A-18 On-Vehicle...
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