qcevis gamoyenebiTi analizi
© b. parsonsoni 2000 w.
Targmani n. gogiCaZe, J. kvaWaZe 2004 w.
gadamuSaveba n. gogiCaZe 2007 w.
qcevis modifikaciis gundis treningis masalebi
Tbilisi
2007w.
© arasamTavrobo organizacia saqarTvelos bavSvebi
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sarCevi 1
Tavi pirveli 0 qcevis gamoyenebiTi analizis gacnoba 0
Sesavali 1 ZiriTadi figurebi biheviorizmis istoriidan 1 qcevis eqsperimentuli analizi 2 qcevis gamoyenebiTi analizis warmoSoba 3 qcevis gamoyenebiTi analizis maxasiaTeblebi 3
Tavi meore 5
Qqcevis gamoyenebiTi analizis cvladebi 5 qcevis maxasiaTeblebi 6 qcevis formebi 6 qcevis ganzomilebebi 6 qcevis gamoyenebiTi analizis ZiriTadi cvladebi 7 qcevis gamoyenebiTi analizis amosavali debulebebi 6
Tavi mesame 9 qcevis gamoyenebiTi analizis Seswavlis xerxebi 10 qcevis dakvirveba da Cawera 10 dakvirvebis formebi 10 dakvirvebis procesi 10 ras vakeTebT pirdapiri dakvirvebisas? 10 risTvis gvWirdeba qcevis Sefaseba? 11 Ppirveladi dakvirveba 11 Qqcevis ganmarteba 11 winapiroba- w, qceva- q da Sedegi –S-is Cawera 12 sistematuri dakvirveba da Cawera 13 Caweris instrumentebi 13 qcevis aRnusxvis meTodebi 13 intervalis Caweris formis arCeva 14 dakvirvebis blankis saxeebi 17 intervalSi dakvirvebis blanki 18 xangrZlivobis dakvirvebis blanki 19 sixSiris dakvirvebis blanki 20 DdamkvirvebelTa Soris Tanxmoba – sandooba 21
Tavi meoTxe 23
MmonacemTa grafikuli gamosaxva 23 grafikebis gamoyeneba 24 grafikis komponentebi 24 safuZvlis monacemebis grafikuli gamosaxva da analizi 26 intervenciis grafikuli gamosaxva 27 erTi subieqtis dizainis-gegmarebis gamoyeneba 28
Tavi mexuTe 29 qcevis gamoyenebiTi analizis procedurebis danergvis saWiroebis gansazRvra 30 rogor ganvsazRvroT, saWiroa Tu ara Carevis programa? 30 qcevis gamoyenebiTi analizis procedurebi 31
Tavi meeqvse 32 pasuxis albaTobis gazrdis procedurebi 32 pasuxis albaTobis gazrda ganmtkicebiT 33 dadebiTi da uaryofoTi ganmtkiceba 33 ganmamtkiceblis saxeebi 35 ganmamtkiceblebis efeqturi gamoyeneba 35 ganmtkicebis ganrigi 36 dadebiTi ganmamtkiceblebis gamoyeneba 37 Sejameba 38 premakis principi 38 faqtorebi, romlebic axdenen zegavlenas ganmamtkiceblis efeqturobaze 39 axali unarebis swavlebis formebi 39 instruqciebi 39 miniSneba 39 modelireba 39 formireba 39 amocanis analizi 41 qceviTi jaWvi 42 jaWvis Camoyalibeba 42 pirdapiri jaWvi 43 piruku jaWvi 43 rogor gamoviyenoT qcevis formireba? 44 damxmare strategiebi qceviTi jaWvis CamoyalibebaSi 45 werilobiTi amocanis analizi 45 suraTebiT mimniSneblebi 45 TviTinstruqcia 45
Tavi meSvide 46 miniSneba da daxmarebis Semcireba 47 rogor da rodis unda gamoviyenoT miniSneba? 47 daxmarebis Semcireba 48 qcevis damoukideblad ganxorcilebis mosinjva 49 Aaxali unarebis swavleba – sad unda daviwyoT 50 saswavlo programis ganxorcielebisas gasaTvaliswinebeli principebi 51
Tavi merve 52 pasuxis albaTobis gamovlenis Semcireba 53 dasja 54 dadebiTi dasja 54 uaryofiTi dasja 55 araTavsebadi qcevis diferencialuri ganmtkiceba adg 55 Caqroba (dagegmili ignorireba) 56 dasjis gamoyenebis wesebi 57 zekoreqcia 58 zekoreqciis gamoyenebis wesebi 58
Tavi mecxre 60 gadatana _ generalizeba 61 generalizebis ganmarteba 61 generalizebis formebi 61 Ggeneralizebis dagegmva 62
Tavi meaTe 64
Pprofesiuli eTika 65 klientis an moswavlis uflebebi 65 informirebuli Tanxmoba 65 konfidencialobis ufleba 66 zrunvis pasuxismgebloba 66 gamoyenebuli da damatebiT sakiTxavi literatura 69
Tavi pirveli
qcevis gamoyenebiTi analizis gacnoba
I Sesavali da istoriuli figurebi II qcevis eqsperimentuli analizi III qcevis gamoyenebiTi analizis warmoSoba IV qcevis gamoyenebiTi analizis maxasiaTeblebi
Sesavali
qcevaTmecniereba-biheviorozmi aris fsiqologiis erT-erTi mimaruleba, Tumca am sferoSi miRweuli Sedegebi vrceldeba yvela sferoze, sadac interesis qveS xvdeba adamiani da misi qceva. AyoveldRiurobaSi adamianebs cnobismoyvareoba ubiZgebs dasvas garkveuli SekiTxvebi da masze pasuxis mosapoveblad gamoiyenos Tavisi dakvirvebuloba. sazogadoebaSi cxovrebisas gansakuTrebiT saintereso xdeba da pirveli rangis mniSvnelobis mqoned gvevlineba adamianebis daintereseba erTmaneTis qceviT. am interesis dakmayofilebis mizniT amerikeli qcevaTmecnieri b. f. skineri, svams radenime praqtikuli SekiTxvas: rogor SeiZleba viwinaswarmetyveloT meore adamianis qmedeba? rac sxvanairi formulirebiT ase JRers: rogor SeiZleba movemzadoT imisaTvis, Tu ras moimoqmedebs meore adamiani? am SekiTxvas sxvanairad praqtikuli datvirTvac moeZebneba: rogor miviyvanoT adamiani rom moiqces gansazRvruli saxiT (ise rogorc Cven gvinda)?
AskinerisaTvis am Zireul SekiTxvebze saboloo pasuxebi qcevis gagebisa da axsnidan gamomdinareobs, xolo zogadad qcevis gageba da axsna daiyvaneba SekiTxvebze konkretuli qcevis mizezebis Sesaxeb (skineri, 1974). qcevis gageba, axsna, misi ganmsazRvreli da warmarTveli mizezebisa da cvladebis mecnieruli Seswavla daisaxa miznad qcevaTmecniereba – biheviorizma. amgvarad qcevaTmecnierebis Seswavlis mTavari obieqti aris adamianis qceva.
ZiriTadi figurebi biheviorizmis istoriidan
i. p. pavlovi (1849-1936) pavlovma aRmoaCina pirobiTi ganpirobebuloba. man Tavisi eqsperimentebiT aCvena refleqsuri reaqciebis gamovlena neitralur stimulze. pavlovi ZaRls erTdroulad warudgenda metronomis xmasa da sakvebs. eqsperimentis gameorebis Sedegad ZaRls metronomis xmaze gamoeyofoda nerwyvi, romelsac pavlovi loyaSi CamontaJebuli fistulis saSualebiT akvirdeboda. pavlovma amas pirobiTi refleqsi uwoda (1927w.).
j. b. vuotsoni (1878-1958) votsonma daiwyo fsiqologiaSi bihevioristuli mimarTuleba. Tavis naSromSi `fsiqologia – ise rogorc mas ganixilaven bihevioristebi~-1913 w. xazs usvamda, rom fsiqologis Seswavlis ZiriTad subieqts warmoadgens dakvirvebadi qceva, romelic kontrolirdeba garemoSi mimdinare movlenebiT. votsons ekuTvnis stimuli-reaqciis modeli, romlis Tanaxmadac garemo movlenebi iwveven sapasuxo reaqciebs. i. l. Torndaiki (1874-1949) Torndaiki aris e.w. efeqtis kanonis avtori. A am kanonis Tanaxmad, Tu qceva iwvevs sasurvel Sedegs, an axdens sasurvel zemoqmedebas garemoze, momavalSi es zrdis am qcevis gamovlenis albaTobas. Torndaiki Tavis eqsperimentebSi katas aTavsebda galiaSi da gareT udebda sakvebs. kata galiaSi moZraobisas berketze TaTis dartymiT aRebda kars. Torndaikma warmoadgina, rom katas SeuZlia iswavlos daartyas TaTi berkets karebis gaRebisaTvis da metic, igi yovel Semdeg jerze ufro swrafad axerxebda sasurveli Sedegis – sakvebis miRebas' rac aris efeqtis kanonis ilustracia. b. f. skineri (1904-1990) skinerma gaafarTova vuotsoniseuli biheviorizmis sfero da warmoaCina gansxvaveba pirobiT ganpirobebulobasa da operatiul ganpirobebulobas Soris, anu daazusta pavlovi-vuotsonis pirobiTi ganpirobebuloba da Torndaikis efeqtis kanoni. skinerma Tavisi laboratoriuli eqsperimentebiT aRmoCenili qcevis kanonebi adamianebzec ganazogada. man dawera mravali wigni adamianTa qceviTi analizis Sesaxeb da safuZveli Cauyara qcevis modifikacias-Secvlas (1938-1953).
qcevis eqsperimentuli analizi
laboratoriaSi cxovelebze operantuli ganpirobebulobis eqsperimentis ganxorcieleba cnobilia, rogorc qcevis eqsperimentuli analizi (qea). qcevis Sesaxeb aseTi kvlevebiT mopovebuli codna gamoiyeneba adamianis qcevis Sesaxeb codnis gasaumjobeseblad. Qqcevis eqserimentulma analizma (qea) aCvena, rom qcevaTa umravlesoba imarTeba garemo movlenebis zemoqmedebiT. rogorc Cans es ganpirobebulia imiT, rom garemoSi mimdinare cvlilebebis mimarT, yvela cocxal organizms SeuZlia garkveuli pasuxis ganxorcieleba, rac Tavis mxriv aucilebebelia am organizmis gadarCenisaTvis. is faqti, rom Cven vibadebiT rTuli grZnobaTa organoebiT, aRqmis sistemiT da reagirebis meqanizmebiT, romelTa saSualebiT vaxerxebT garemo informaciis miRebas, analizs da masze reagirebas, metyvelebs qea-s daskvnebis sasargeblod. Qqea-s sistematurma kvlevebma daadastura, rom garemos cvladebi, cxovelTa sxvadasxva saxeobaTa msgavsad, adamianebSic akontrolebs qcevas.
qcevis gamoyenebiTi analizis warmoSoba
qcevis gamoyenebiTi analizi (qga) aris b. f. skineris operantuli ganpirobebulobis sistematuri danergva adamianis qcevaze, rac emsaxureba or ZiriTad mizans: Tavad individis qcevis gaumjobesebas da adamianis qcevis Sesaxeb codnis gafarTovebas. G Tavis mxriv qga-s adamianze Catarebuli kvlevebi adasturebs qea-s cxovelebze ganxorcielebuli Sedegebis adamianze ganzogadoebis SesaZleblobas. qea-sagan laboratoriuli eqsperimentebisagan gansxvavebiT, qga-s gamoyenebiTi kvleva mimarTulia adamianze. igi mimdinareobs ufro naklebad kontrolirebad garemoSi da iRebs Terapiisa Tu treningis formas. Sesabamisad misi procedurebic morgebulia klinikis, saklaso oTaxisa Tu saxlis pirobebze da gamiznulia adamianis yoveldRiur garemoSi gamosayeneblad. Qqcevis sistematuri dakvirvebis, Caweris da erTi subieqtis kvlevis dizainis (gegmarebis) gamoyenebiT, qga Camoyalibda mniSvnelovan mecnierul mimarTulebad, romelic erTis mxriv afarToebs codnas qcevis Sesaxeb, meores mxriv ki, exmareba adamianebs survilisa da saWiroebis Sesabamisad Secvalon qceva pozitiuri xerxebiT.
qcevis gamoyenebiTi analizis maxasiaTeblebi
popularuli statia “Some Current dimensions of Applied Behavior Analysis”-“qcevis gamoyenebiTi analizis ramdenime Tanamedrove ganzomileba”, romelic Seiqmna 1968 Baer, Wolf da Risley-s mier, warmoaCens qga-s Svid Zireul parametr- ganzomilebas: a. gamoyenebiTi: niSnavs, rom marTalia qga warmoiSva cxovelebis laboratoriuli kvlevebidan, is fokusirebas axdens uSualod pirovnebisaTvis mniSvnelovan qcevebze da adamianuri sazogadoebisaTvis maT daniSnulebaze. b. qceviTi: qga-s fokusi mimarTulia uSualod qcevaze da masze zemoqmedi qga procedurebis sistematuri danergviT miRebuli Sedegebis sando gazomvaze. g. analitikuri: imis saCveneblad, rom Cven gvesmis is qceva romelsac vswavlobT da isic Tu ra akontrolebs mas, qcevis makontrolebeli cvladebis analizisTvis viyenebT erTi subieqtis kvlevis dizains da vaxdenT eqsperimentuli kontrolis gameorebad (da ganmeorebiT) demonstrirebas. d. teqnologiuri; niSnavs, rom Cven gvesmis qga-Si gamoyenebuli procedurebis zemoqmedeba da efeqturoba da Cven SegviZlia am procedurebis naTlad da zedmiwevniT aRwera, raTa sxva pirovnebam SesZlos imis gameoreba, rac Cven gavakeTeT. e. Sekruli konceptualuri sistema: qga gadajaWvulia sazogadoebrivi mniSvnelobis mqone sakiTxebTan, amitomac is ixlarTeba Cvens adamianur gamocdilebasTan. amasTan erTad qga-Si gamoyenebuli zusti ena, romelic naTlad da zedmiwevniT aRwers meTodsa da procedurebs, qga-s akavSirebs farTo mecnierul codnasTan qcevis Sesaxeb; es ki qga-s samecniero disciplinad aqcevs. v. efeqturi; GgamoyenebiTi kvleva da praqtika unda iyos efeqturi rom damkvidrdes, rogorc teqnika. adamianis qcevis Secvlisas qga-s Sedegebi mniSvnelovani da Sesatyvisi unda iyos pirovnebisa da sazogadoebis sakeTildReod. z. generalizeba: qcevaSi miRebul cvlilebebs rom hqondes adamianisaTvis funqcionaluri daniSnuleba, es cvlilebebi unda gascdes satreningo garemos da xangZlivad SenarCundes (unda moxdes qcevis generalizeba-gafarToeba, anu qcevis gadatana sxvadasxva situaciebsa da droze). qceviTi cvlilebebis generalizeba ar xdeba avtomaturad, amitomac mniSvnelovania generalizebis dagegmva Carevis programis farglebSi. Bbearis, vulfis da rislis analizi gveubneba, rom qga ufro metia, vidre qcevis Sesacvlelad gamoyenebuli “xrikebis tomara”. qga warmoadgens erTian samecniero disciplinas, romelic axorcielebs sistematur kvlevas da pirovnebis sakeTildReod mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi Seaqvs socialur qcevaSi, riTac emsaxureba samecniero codnis gafarToebas.
savarjiSo: waikiTxeT erTi eqsperimentuli kvleva da CamoTvaleT ra niSnebiT emTxveva igi bearis, vulfis da rislis mier Camoyalibebul qga kvlevis kriteriumebs.
Tavi meore
Qqcevis gamoyenebiTi analizis cvladebi
I qcevis maxasiaTeblebi
II qcevis formebi
III qcevis ganzomilebebi
IV qcevis gamoyenebiTi analizis ZiriTadi cvladebi
V qcevis gamoyenebiTi analizis amosavali debulebebi qcevis gamoyenebiTi analizis amosavali debulebebi
qcevaTmecnierebis farglebSi qceva ase ganimarteba: qceva aris yvelaferi is, rasac adamiani akeTebs; asrulebs raime moqmedebas Tu fiqrobs, grZnobs da ambobs.
➢ qceva icvleba sxvadasxva faqtorebis zemoqmedebiT. am faqtorebis SeswavliT da maTi manipulirebiT SesaZlebelia qcevaze zemoqmedebis moxdena. ➢ qceva ar aris pirovnebis mdgradi-statiuri maxasiaTebeli, Tumca TiToeul pirovnebas aqvs misTvis damaxasiaTebeli qcevebi. ➢ daswavleba aris yvelaze fundamentaluri procesi, romelic moqmedebs adamianis cxovrebaze. ➢ daswavla ganisazRvreba, rogorc nebismieri cvlileba, romelic momdinareobs garemodan gamocdilebis miRebiT. ➢ Tu ra gansazRvravs qcevis daswavlas, arc ise saidumloebiT aris moculi da SesaZlebelia iyos Seswavlili: ➢ ra pirobebSi verTvebiT axal aqtiobebSi da Tavs vanebebT Zvels. ➢ ra pirobebSi da rogor xdeba qcevis SenarCuneba. ➢ Tandayolili qcevebi garemos zemoqmedebiT ganicdis cvlilebas. ➢ rac naswavlia SeiZleba gadaswavlil iqnas da Tavidan daswavlili. ➢ yvela swavlobs qcevaTa zogadi wesebis safuZvelze, Tumca zogi nela, zogi Cqara, meti an naklebi sirTuleebiT. ➢ cxovelebze Catarebuli eqsperimentebi SeiZleba ganzogaddes da gadmotanil iqnas adamianebze. ganvixiloT qcevis maxasiaTeblebi, ganzomilebebi da formebi.
qcevis maxasiaTeblebi
imisaTvis rom SevZloT qcevis gageba, Seswavla da Secvla uSualod qcevisaTvis gamoyofen mis maxasiaTebel niSnebs:
1. qceva dakvirvebadia (dakvirvebis safuZvelze SesaZlebelia misi aRwera, Cawera da aRnusxva)
2. qcevas gavlena aqvs garemoze
3. qceva kanonzomieria
4. qcevas aqvs erTi an meti ganzomileba.
qcevis formebi
qceva aris xiluli da faruli. xilul qcevas SeiZleba daakvirdes da Caiweros gareSe pirma. gareSe piri niSnavs im adamians romelic uSualod TviTon ar anxorcielebs am qcevas (gareSeEpiri (adamiani) SeiZleba Seicvalos raime aRmricxveli mowyobilobiT, magaliTad video kamera, diqtofoni). xiluli qcevis magaliTebia: cekva, laparaki, saWmlis miReba faruli qceva aris sxvebis dakvirvebisaTvis mosawvdomi, mas SesaZloa mxolod Tavad is pirovneba daakvirdes romelic am qmedebas anxorcielebs. magaliTi: fiqri, SiSi.
qcevis ganzomilebebi
qcevis Seswavlisas iyeneben mis ganzomilebebs, romlebic eqvemdebareba aRnusxvas (gazomvas, daTvlas). aseT ganzomilebebs warmoadgens sixSire, xangrZlivoba da intensivoba. sixSire-qcevis sixSiris dasadgenad Cven viTvliT Tu ramdenjer vlindeba CvenTvis saintereso qceva. magaliTi: maka ikvnets frCxilebs. ramdenjer moikvnita man frCxili? gakveTilis msvlelobisas man 15-jer moikvnita frCxili. xangrZlivoba-qcevis xangrZlivobis dasadgenad Cven viTvliT Tu ramden xans (drois ra monakveTSi) vlindeba CvenTvis saintereso qceva. magaliTi: giorgi gakveTilis msvlelobisas akakunebs gasaRebs magidaze. ramden xans akakunebs giorgi gasaRebs magidaze? gakveTilis msvlelobisas 5 wuTis ganmalobaSi. intensivoba-qcevis xangrZlivobis dasadgenad Cven viTvliT Tu ramdenad Zlier (rogori ZaliT, rogor) vlindeba CvenTvis saintereso qceva. magaliTi: sandro xmamaRla tiris mamrobiTi sqesis stumris danaxvaze. xmamaRla- aris qcevis intensiobis maxasiaTebeli, romelic SeiZleba gaizomos xmauris fizikur sazom erTeulSi, magaliTad; decibelebSi.
qcevis gamoyenebiTi analizis ZiriTadi cvladebi
ABC aris qcevis gamoyenebiTi analizis aqsiomebis asaxsneli formula, romelic efuZneba operantuli ganpirobebulobis cnebas.
|A w |B q |C S |
|A aRniSnavs yvelafer imas, rac win uZRvis |B Seesatyviseba Behavior-s, rac qarTulad niSnavs |C aRniSnavs yvelafers, rac uSualod Tan sdevs |
|qcevas da Seesatyviseba Antecedent-s, rac |qcevas- q. |qcevas da Seesatyviseba inglisur sityvas |
|qarTulad niSnavs winapirobas -w. | |Consequences, rac qarTulad niSnavs Sedegs-S. |
a) ganmasxvavebeli stimuli (winapiroba) qceva kontrolirdeba stimulebiT, romlebic win uswrebs da Tan sdevs mas. stimuli aris obieqti an movlena, romelic warmoadgens pirovnebaze potenciuri zemoqmedebis wyaros. igi SeiZleba iyos garemos fizikuri maxasiaTebeli, an socialuri garemos elementi (sxva adamianis qceva). gansxvavebiT refleqsuri reaqciebisa, romlebic yalibdeba pavlovis pirobiTi ganpirobebulobiT, operantuli ganpirobebulobis SemTxvevaSi pasuxebi nebayoflobiTia da isini makontrolebeli stimulebis arsebobisas yovelTvis ar iCenen Tavs. Qqea-Si da qga-Si stimuls, romelic win uswrebs qcevas (e.i. warmoadgens reaqciis winapirobas) da zrdis Tanmdevi qcevis gamovlenis albaTobas, uwodeben ganmasxvavebel stimuls. A-Si moiazreba e.w. ganmasxvavebeli stimuli, romelic warmoadgens garemoSi arsebul sagansa Tu movlanas, rac garkveuli asociaciebis safuZvelze ukavSirdeba ama Tu im qcevas. mas Seemdeg rac es asociaciuri kavSiri aRmocendeba da arsebuli stimulis sapasuxod gamovlindeba konkretuli qceva, SegviZlia visaubroT stimuliT kontrolis Sesaxeb. magaliTad: samarSruto taqsis nomeri warmoadgens ganmasxvavebel stimuls maTTvis, vinc miemgzavreba am transportis mimarTulebiT. potenciuri mgzavri roca xedavs nomers, xels uqnevs samarSruto taqss, raTa mZRolma gaaCeros. Ppotenciuri mgzavris xelis daqneva ganmasxvavebeli stimulia mZRolisTvis, rom gaaCeros taqsi. mariami cxovrobs bavSvTa saxlSi. man iswavla, rom stumrebi bavSvebs urigeben kanfetebs da roca mariami xedavs stumars mirbis masTan, uRimis da xels uwvdis. stumris mosvl ganmasxvavebeli stimulia mariamis am qcevisaTvis. Fnomrebi, samxreebi, maRaziis abrebi, quCis saxelebi, simboloebi, suni sacxobidan, Cveni saxelis gageba, megobrisagan xelis daqneva, saWadrako figurebi dafaze TamaSisas, sayvareli tonaloba, sityvebi am gverdze an afeTqeba warmoadgenen ganmasxvavebeli stimulebis magaliTebs, romelTac aqvT makontrolebeli zemoqmedeba Cvens qcevaze.
DsavarjiSo: SeecadeT CamoTvaloT ganmasxvavebeli stimulebi, romlebic akontroleben Tqvens qcevas. ganasxvaveT ra gamxiarulebT, ra gayenebT cud xasiaTze, ra miganiSnebT im saWmelze, romlis Wamac giyvarT da ra miganiSnebT safrTxeze. ifiqreT im pasuxebze, romelsac Tqven axorcielebT am stimulebis mimarT, yovelTvis pasuxobT Tu ara mas, Tu mxolod gansakuTrebul pirobebSi.
b) Sedegi (movlenaTa Tanxvedra) cneba “Sedegi” (movlenaTa Tanxvedra) aerTianebs im movlenebs, romlebic mosdevs qcevas, anu vlindeba, rogorc qcevis Sedegi. maT aqvT gavlena qcevis gamovlenis albaTobaze. Sedegs SeuZlia gazardos qcevis gamovlenis albaToba an Seamciros. C-Si moiazreba yvelaferi is, rac uSualod Tan sdevs qcevas da zrdis an amcirebs qcevis momavalSi gamovlenis albaTobas.
Tavi mesame
Ddakvirvebis formebi da mimdinareoba
I. dakvirvebis formebi II. dakvirvebis procesi III. risTvis gvWirdeba qcevis Sefaseba IV. pirveladi dakvirveba V. qcevis dakvirveba da Cawera VI. sistematuri dakvirveba da Cawera VII. qcevis ganmarteba
VIII. winapiroba- w, qceva- q da Sedegi –S-is Cawera IX. sistematuri dakvirveba da Cawera X. qcevis aRnusxvis meTodebi XI. Caweris formis arCeva XII. movlenis Cawera an SemTxvevis nimuSi
XIII. drois momentaluri nimuSi XIV. dakvirvebis blankis saxeebi
qcevis gamoyenebiTi analizis Seswavlis xerxebi
dakvirvebis formebi
Cven roca gvinda vaswavloT axli qceva an SevcvaloT arsebuli, mniSvnelovania am qcevis sistematuri dakvirveba da Cawera. roca pirvelad vxedavT saWiroebas, rom vaswavloT sasurveli qceva, an vmarToT arsebuli, mniSvnelovania daviwyoT sistematuri dakvirveba da Cawera. arapirdapiri dakvirvebis magaliTebia: interviuireba, kiTxvarebis Sevseba, Sefasebis sxvadasxva skalebi, romlebic gvexmareba samizne qcevis Sesaxeb informaciis mopovebaSi sxvadasxva wyaroebidan: dedisgan, maswavleblebisgan, momvlelebisagan da sxva. pirdapiri dakvirvebis dros xdeba qcevis dafiqsireba da Cawera uSualod qcevis ganxorcielebisas. damkvirvebeli eswreba qcevis gamovlenis process, romelic moqceulia misi mxedvelobis areSi. pirdapiri dakvirveba aris ufro zusti da iZleva SesaZleblobas, dafiqsirdes qceva misi uSualo gamovlenisas. arapirdapiri dakvirvebisas mowodebuli informacia efuZneba e.w. respodentis mexsierebas. am SemTxvevaSi respodenti SeiZleba gvawvdides arasakmaris da naklebad zust informacias, radgan igi ar aris gawvrTnili damkvirvebeli.
dakvirvebis procesi-ras vakeTebT pirdapiri dakvirvebisas?
qcevis gamoyenebiT analizSi dakvirvebis procesis warmoeba gulisxmobs garkveuli qmedebebis erTianobas, kerZod, Tavdapirvelad 1. ganvmartavT dasakvirvebel anu samizne qcevas. 2. SevimuSavebT dakvirvebis strategias – logikas. 3. SevarCevT dakvirvebis meTodebsa da formas. 4. SevarCevT dakvirvebis instrumentebs. pirdapiri dakvirvebis obieqturobis uzrunvelyofis mizniT qcevis gamoyenebiT analizSi masSi monawileobas iRebs ori piri. dakvirvebis ganxorcielebamde isini winaswar SeimuSaveben da Tanxmdebian samizne qcevis ganmartebaze, anu TiToeulma zustad icis, Tu ras akvirdeba mocemul drosa da sivrceSi. dakvirveba SeiZleba ganxorcieldes bunebriv da xelovnur garemoSi. bunebrivi garemoa, sadac Cveulebriv qcevas aqvs adgili, magaliTad, quCaSi SuqniSanze gadasvla; samzareuloSi saWmlis gakeTeba; aeroportSi TviTmfrinavSi Cajdoma. xelovnur garemod SeiZleba miviCnioT eqsperimentuli an klinikuri pirobebi. magaliTad, SevdivarT yel-yuris eqimTan da igi gvTxovs davjdeT skamze da gavaRoT piri. SevdivarT fsiqologis eqsperimentul oTaxSi da igi gvTxovs davxuWoT Tvalebi; gvawvdis orive xelSi burTs da gvavalebs ganvsazRvroT am burTebis zoma. fsiqoTerapevti gvixsnis frenis SiSs da TviTmfrinavis modulSi gvsvams. dakvirveba aris qcevis Sefasebis erT-erTi forma. dakvirvebis gamoyenebiT qcevis Sefasebisas vadgenT mocemul drosa da sivrceSi samizne qcevis gamovlenas Carevis ganxorcielebamde, msvlelobisas da Semdeg.
risTvis gvWirdeba qcevis Sefaseba?
1. qcevis Sefaseba Carevis ganxorcielebamde mocemul drosa da sivrceSi adgens am samizne qcevis gamovlenas da saerTod, am Carevis ganxorcielebis aucileblobas.
2. gvawvdis informacias ukve arsebuli qcevis Sesaxeb.
3. gvexmareba muSaobis Semdgomi strategiis dagegmvaSi.
4. Carevis Semdeg gazomviT vadgenT ukve Cvens mier gamoyenebuli strategiis efeqturobas.
Ppirveladi dakvirveba
Cveulebriv Cven viwyebT analizs samizne qcevis dakvirvebiT da am dros mimdinare Canaweris ganxorcielebiT, romelic warmoadgens imis werilobiT aRweras, Tu ras vxedavT Cven. Ees gvaZlevs SesaZleblobas, rom SeviqmnaT suraTi, Tu ra unda vaswavloT, aseve mniSvnelovania, rom CaviniSnoT movlenebi an sxvaTa qmedebebi, rac uswrebs an axlavs am qcevas da am dros zemoqmedebas axdens masze. M magaliTad; Tu bavSvi awyobs "isterikas" da yviris, ra iyo is winapiroba, riTi daiwyo es? mas ufrosma sTxova raRacis gakeTeba, an piriqiT – sTxova raRacis Sewyveta, Tu mas undoda raRaca da ufrosma uTxra – “ara”, Tu mas sxva bavSvma gamoarTva saTamaSo. ra aris am isterikis da yvirilis Sedegi? ufrosi sosos aZlevs sasurvel nivTs-arTmevs saTamaSos sxva bavSvs da ubrunebs sosos ukan?
Qqcevis ganmarteba
mas Semdeg, rac Cven gviCndeba warmodgena, Tu ra aris samizne qceva, Cven SegviZla misTvis davweroT zusti “qceviTi" ganmarteba. magaliTad; sosos isterika moicavs qcevebs: yvirils, fexebis qnevas, sxvaTa kbenas, iatakze gawolas. yvirils da quslebis iatakze rtymas. yvirils da mTeli ZaliT sagnebis srolas. rogor ganvmartavT qcevas? qcevis ganmarteba aris samizne qcevis aRwera martivi sityvebiT, romelic ar Seicavs SefasebiT sityvebs, magaliTad, rogoricaa: cudi, kargi, Zalian. qcevis ganmarteba ar axdens qcevis gaerTianebas raime kategoriaSi, vTqvaT - suleluri, Wkvianuri, agresiuli, SesaniSnavi. ganvixiloT erTi magaliTi: Tqven giTxres rom, aka mecadineobs; – ras gveubneba es winadadeba? ufro advili warmosadgeni iqneba Tu ras akeTebs aka, aseTi ganmartebis gamoyenebisas: aka kiTxulobs gverdebs saxelmZRvanelodan; aRniSnavs winadadebebs teqstSi; akeTebs maTematikis da fizikis savarjiSoebs; wers daskvnebs wakiTxuli Tavebis Sesaxeb. Tqven aseve SegiZliaT daazustod winapiroba, rogorc am qcevis ganmartebis nawili im SemTxvevaSi, Tu arsebobs SemTxvevebi, roca es qceva vlindeba sxvadasxa pirobebSi. magaliTad; "isterikis” Seswavlisas, gvainteresebs bavSvis yvirili da wixlebis rtyma. magram bavSvis yvirili da wixlebis dartyma vlindeba sxva drosac, Tundac TamaSisas da ar miiCneva isterikad.MCven SegviZlia ganvsazRvroT “isterika”, rogorc pasuxi saTamaSos an sakvebis ar micemaze, raime aqtivobis gakeTebisas xelis SeSlaze an ufrosis moTxovnaze. Tqven dagWirdebaT CaiweroT es ganmarteba da kidev erTxel daakvirdeT am qcevas imisTvis, rom darwmundeT, rom qceva, romelsac Tqven xedavT, ergeba am ganmartebas. Tqveni definicia unda iyos rac SeiZleba zusti. bundovani aRwera an zogadi iarliyi, rogoricaa agresiuli qceva ar warmoadgens qceviT ganmartebas. agresiuli qceva SeiZleba moicavdes muStis dartymas, fexis amokvras, xelis dartymas, amocxebas, ginebas, nivTebis mtvrevas, ase rom SeuZlebelia zustad gansazRvroT, Tu ras akeTebs Tqveni dakvirvebis obieqti, maSin roca misi aRwerisaTvis Tqven iyenebT Zalian zogad, araspecifiur iarliys. imisaTvis, rom damatebiT SeamowmoT Tqveni ganmarteba, maSin, roca ukve mzad xarT sistematuri dakvirvebisaTvis, sTxoveT kolegas Tqvens mier Seqmnili ganmartebis gamoyenebiT am qcevaze TqvenTan erTad dakvirveba; dakvirvebis warmarTvisas darwmundiT, rom Tqven (damkvirveblebi) dgaxarT an sxedxarT sakmarisad Sors erTmaneTisagan, rom damoukideblad daakvirdeT. ganawildiT ise, rom ar gqondeT erTmaneTis Canawerebis danaxvis saSualeba. Tu Tqven ver iRebT maRali donis SeTanxmebas samizne qcevis gamovlenaze (anu Tqveni Canawerebi qcevis gamovlenaze emTxveva erTmaneTs) (ix. sandooba), daazusteT Tqveni ganmarteba da gaakeTeT am qcevis gamovlenis Caweris kidev erTi damoukidebeli Semowmeba.
winapiroba- w, qceva- q da Sedegi –S-is Cawera
winapiroba-w, qceva-q da Sedegi –S. Seadgens qceviTi analizis anbans. mas Semdeg, rac Tqven iwyebT qcevis sistematur dakvirvebas, Tqven SegiZliaT gaakeToT Tqveni Canawerebis furcelze sami sveti da isini daasaTauroT, rogorc w,q,S. ramdenjerme daakvirdiT da SeecadeT warmodgena SeiqmnaT, Tu ra SeiZleba akontrolebdes Tqvens samizne qcevas. es mniSvnelovani iqneba Tqveni saswavlo programis Seqmnisas qga–Si, radgan winapirobebi qmnian qcevis gamovlenis safuZvels da xSirad miuniSneben, Tu ra Sedegebi moyveba am qcevas. magaliTad; SuqniSnis wiTeli sinaTlidan yviTelze gadasvla niSnavs, rom male ainTeba mwvane. am dros Zalian bevri mZRoli iwyebs moZraobas yviTel sinaTleze, Sedegad isini ramdenime wamiT adre xvdebian daniSnulebis adgilas, vidre im SemTxvevaSi mwvane sinaTles rom dalodebodnen. rac, rogorc Cans, warmoadgens ganmtkicebas bevri mZRolisaTvis. Sesabamisad SuqniSnis sinaTlis cvlileba wiTlidan yviTelze warmoadgens ganmasxvavebel stimuls imisa, rom mwvane sinaTle ainTeba (roca daZvra ganmtkicebulia), amis alternativaa yviTeli feri, romelsac Tan axlavs wiTeli sinaTle. es damsjelia da niSnavs molodins. Sesabamisad Zalian xSirad is warmoadgens ganmasxvavebel stimuls mZRolisaTvis, rom gazardos siCqare da ar SeCerdes, am SemTxvevaSi aCqareba mtkicdeba imiTi, rom mZRoli iridebs Seyovnebas. savarjiSo: daakvirdiT mZRolebis qcevas SuqniSanze, rom gansazRvroT ramdenad zogadia es daskvna. ra zegavlenas axdens damatebiTi ganmasxvavebeli stimulis arseboba-policiis gzasTan axlos manqanis saxiT, mZRolis marTvis qcevaze. warmoadgens Tu ara es winapirobas qcevis SecvlisaTvis? ra Sedegi SeiZleba mohyves policielis arsebobas mZRolis qcevaze?
sistematuri dakvirveba da Cawera
qcevas SeiZleba davakvirdeT da CavweroT sixSiris (ramdenad xSirad vlindeba), xangrZlivobis (ramdenad xangrZlivia) latenturobis (ramdeni xania qcevebs Soris Sualedi) da intensivobis (ramdenad xmamaRalia, rTulia, Zlieria qceva) mixedviT. Cveulebrivad qga-Si Cven viwerT sixSires da xangZrlivobas, intensiurobis Casawerad SesaZloa dagvWirdes specialuri gasazomi xelsawyoebi, Tumca aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi Cven SegviZlia zepirad ganvsajoT. magaliTad; xmis intensivoba ganisazRvreba-ismis 5 metris daSorebiT. arsebobs sistematuri dakvirvebis mravali forma, romlis SerCevac damokidebulia mkvlevaris amocanebsa da qcevis Taviseburebaze.
Caweris instrumentebi
Caweris instrumenti aris is saSualebebi, romelsac iyenebs damkvirvebeli, rom moaxdinos qcevis gamovlenis registrireba. furceli da sawerkalami aris yvelaze xSirad gamoyenebadi instrumentebi. martivad rom vTqvaT, damkvirvebeli ubralod SeiZleba akeTebdes Canawerebs qcevis gamovlenis Sesaxeb. imisTvis, rom efeqturad CaviweroT qceva, Cveulebriv, damkvirvebeli iyenebs winaswar momzadebul dakvirvebis blanks. dakvirvebis blanki gvexmareba dakvirvebis procesis organizebaSi da qcevis TvalnaTliv CaweraSi. dakvirvebis blankis SerCevamde damkvirvebeli irCevs qcevis aRnusxvis strategias da meTods.
qcevis aRnusxvis meTodebi
uwyveti Cawera aris aRnusxvis forma, rodesac xdeba qcevis TiToeuli gamovlenis dafiqsireba dakvirvebis mTeli periodis ganmavlobaSi. es meTodi gvaZlevs SesaZleblobas davakvirdeT qcevis dawyebas da damTavrebas. misi saSualebiT SesaZlebelia qcevis yvela maxasiaTeblis dafiqsireba, anu sixSiris, xangrZlivobis da intesivobis. magaliTad, eka zis gakveTilze da ifurTxeba. Cven veswrebiT gakveTils. oci wuTis Semdeg eka pirvelad aRebs pirs da piris RruSi arsebul siTxes uSvebs nikapze. es procesi grZeldeba gakveTilis dasrulebamde. Cven viTvliT am qcevis gamovlenis sixSires, rac pirobiTad SeiZleba iyos 500. realuri drois Cawera aris aRnusxvis forma, roca fiqsirdeba qcevis gamovlenis sruli dro, zusti dasawyisi da dasaruli. ekas magaliTis SemTxvevaSi es iqneba oci wuTis xangrZlivobis dakvirveba, romelic daiwyo gakvetilis 12 wuTze da dasrulda 32-ze. produqtis Cawera aris aRnusxvis forma, romelic afiqsirebs qcevis myar, mudmiv produqtebs. magaliTad, SemfuTav qarxanaSi konveiris zedamxedveli afiqsirebs SefuTuli produqciis raodenobas. testis Sevsebisas maswavlebeli afiqsirebs swori da mcdari pasuxebis raodenobas. Caweris am formis gamoyenebisas ar aris aucilebeli damkvirveblis uSualo daswreba qcevis ganxorcielebisas. intervalis Cawera Sefasebis procesisas damkvirvebeli samuSao dros anawilebs Tanmimdevrul periodebad - intervalebad da akvirdeba gamovlindeba Tu ara samizne qceva am konkretuli intervalis ganmavlobaSi. magaliTad, me vatareb gakveTils da bavSvebisTvis samuSao davalebis micemisas, romelic xdeba, gakveTilis dawyebidan 15 wuTis Semdeg, vuyureb giorgis da viniSnav asrulebs Tu ara igi Cems mier micemul samuSaos, misTvis yovelgvari damatebiTi miTiTebis gareSe. intervalis Caweris ori magaliTi arsebobs: nawilobrivi intervalis da mTliani intervalis Cawera. nawilobrivi intervalis Cawerisas Cven viniSnavT qcevis gamovlenas mxolod am periodSi. Cveulebriv aseTi intervalebi 6-10 wamisgan Sedgeba. mTliani intervalis Caweris magaliTia gakveTilis video an audio firze dafiqsireba. am SemTxvevaSi Cven aRvnusxavT mTeli qcevis mimdinareobas. yvelaze farTod gavrcelebuli Caweris formas warmoadgens cxrilis danawevreba erT wuTian intervalebad. Sesabamisad miviRebT 6 aTwamian mwkrivs da 15 Tu 20 rigs wuTebis mixedviT.
nimuSisaTvis warmodgenilia oTxwuTiani dakvirvebis cxrili:
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intervalSi Caweris formis arCeva
intervalis Caweris ganxorcielebisaTvis gamoyofen or ZiriTad formas, romelic yvelaze xSirad gamoiyeneba. es aris movlenis Cawera da drois momentaluri nimuSi. imisTvis rom CaiweroT qceva am meTodebis gamoyenebiT, dagWirdebaT wammzomi, eleqtronuli saaTi, an wammzomiani saaTi. mogexmarebaT, Tu Tqveni saaTi advilad ikiTxeba (kargd gamokveTilia wamebi da wuTebi ciferblatze). Tqven aseve dagWirdebaT Casaweri formebi da 2 sawerkalami (im SemTxvevisTvis, Tu kalamSi melani gamoilia) da dasamagrebeli dafa, imisTvis, rom Casaweri forma advilad moimarjvoT da saqme gaiadviloT.
movlenis Cawera an SemTxvevis nimuSi movlenis Cawera an SemTxvevis nimuSi gamoiyeneba wyvetili, diskretuli qcevis Casawerad, romelic xanmoklea da aqvs gamokveTili dasawyisi da dasasruli. M magaliTad; Cacma, kbilebis gaxexva, tualetSi Sesvla, Wama da sma, amocanis amoxsna, gineba, yvirili, isterika, kbena aris wyvetili qcevebi. Cven SegviZlia CaviweroT TiToeuli, an Tu isini gamoirCevian maRali sixSiriT, Cven SegviZlia mivmarToT SemTxvevis nimuSis gamoyenebas. Cveulebriv SemTxvevis nimuSi ganimarteba, rogorc ganmartebuli qcevis gamovlena TiToeuli aTwamiani intervalisas. rac niSnavs, rom qcevis dakvirvebisas Cven avRniSnavT mxolod misi gamovlenis pirvelive SemTxvevas TiToeuli aTwamiani intervalisaTvis, miuxedavad imisa, vlindeba Tu ara is ramdenjerme am intervalis msvlelobisas. es niSnavs, rom Cven bolomde ver vafasebT am qcevis gamovlenis realur sixSires. miuxedavad amisa, SemTxvevis nimuSi erTdroulad ramdenime qcevis Caweris SesaZleblobas gvaZlevs. misi, rogorc swrafi Caweris formis gamoyenebiT Cven avRniSnavT, romeli qceva SevniSneT da viwerT mocemul intervalSi. warmoidgineT, rom Tqven cdilobT aswavloT ninos Tu rogor CaerTos bavSvebTan da didebTan socialur urTierTobaSi. amisaTvis Cven gvWirdeba, rom CaviweroT urTierTobis is formebi, romelsac bavSvi amJRavnebs. Sesabamisad gveqneba kodebi; v.m. – verbaluri komunikacia mozrdilTan; v.b.- verbaluri komunikacia bavSvTan. f.m. – fizikuri kontaqti mozrdilTan f.b. – fizikuri kontaqti bavSvTan. saTamaSoebiT TamaSi: b. - burTi; T. - Tojina; k. – kubiki.
Cven vapirebT mas vaswavloT, rom miexmaros sxvebs, amitomac Cven CaviwerT; mozrdilebis mixmareba – m.m bavSvebis mixmareba – m.b. klientis saxeli: nino bolqviZe TariRi: 27 maisi .2000 damkvirvebeli: zaza dasawyisi: 10:05 dasasruli : 10:25 samizne qceva: socialuri urTierToba mozrdilebTan da bavSvebTan
|10 wami | | | | | | |
|dakvirvebis wuTebi |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |
|1 |mb |fb |mm |b |b |b |
|2 |b |k. |fb |fb | |T |
|3 |T |T |T | |fb |b |
|4 |v.m | | | |v.m | |
es nimuSi gvaCvenebs 4-wuTiani urTierTobis nimuSs 20-wuTiani dakvirvebidan. Cvens programaSi ninom iswavla socialuri urTierTobebi, magram am dakvirvebidan gamomdinare, mas kvlavac aqvs dro, roca is ar aris sxvebTan urTierTobaSi CarTuli. dakvirvebis gaumjobesebisaTvis, mniSvnelovani iqneba “CaurTvelobis” qcevis ganmartebebis SemuSaveba. aseTi gziT Cven sistematurad davakvirdebiT, Tu ras akeTebs “CaurTvelobis” dros. Aam dakvirvebidan gamoCnda, rom xandaxan nino CarTulia erTidaigive qcevaSi ramdenime intervalis msvlelobisas. A unda gaxsovdeT, rom Cven viniSnavdiT mxolod pirvels gamovlenili qcevebidan da SesaZlebelia dakvirvebis dros gamovleniliyo sxva qcevebi an intervalis farglebSi gameorebuliyo igive. SeniSvna: SeamowmeT, Canaweris formas aqvs Tu ara saWiro monacemebi: bavSvis Sesaxeb, TariRi, vin iyo damkvirvebeli, dakvirvebis dro da aseve samizne qcevebis CamonaTvali. Emonacemebis detaluri da sistematuri Segroveba dakvirvebis srulfasovnebisaTvis gadamwyvet rols TamaSobs. Canawerebis gakeTebisas, SegiZliaT kodebs daurToT komentarebi, im movlenebis Sesaxeb, romelsac akvirdebiT da mniSvnelovnad miiCnevT. magaliTad; Nninos dakvirvebisas, SeiZleba iyos im mozrdilis saxeli, romelTanac nino urTierTobs.
drois momentaluri nimuSi Ees procedura gamosadegaria xangrZlivi qcevebis dasakvirveblad. im qcevebisa, romelTac aqvT garkveuli mimdinareoba droSi. magaliTad; saubarSi monawileobis miReba, TamaSi, kiTxva, xatva, televizoris yureba, stereotipuli an gameorebiTi qceva. Ddrois momentaluri nimuSi ar saWiroebs uwyvet dakvirvebas, Cven ubralod vuyurebT vlindeba Tu ara samizne qceva mocemul momentSi. magaliTad; Cven Tu gvinda davakvirdeT ninos socialur CarTulobas. Cven SeiZleba vakvirdebodeT TiToeuli intervalis mxolod bolos. vuyurebT CarTulia Tu ara nino samizne qcevaSi mocemul momentSi da vaxdenT kodirebas dakvirvebisTanave, gamomdinare iqidan, Tu ras akeTebs nino. klientis saxeli: nino bolqviZe TariRi: 27 maisi 2000 damkvirvebeli; zaza dasawyisi: 10:05 dasasruli: 10:25 samizne qceva: socialuri urTierToba mozrdilebTan da bavSvebTan
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|1 |mb |fb | |b |b |b |
|2 |k. |k. |mm | | |T |
|3 |fm |T |T | | |b |
|4 |b | | | |v.m | |
monacemebi, romlebsac Cven miviRebT, drois momentaluri nimuSis gamoyenebiT, gansxvavebuli iqneba rac gvqonda SemTxvevis nimuSiT dakvirvebis Semdeg. E es xdeba imitom, rom drois momentaluri nimuSis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi Cvens mier dakvirvebul qcevaTa umravlesoba aris xangrZlivi, rac niSnavs, rom Cven vtovebT mokle da wyvetil qcevebs, romelsac davakvirdiT da CaviwereT movlenis nimuSis gamoyenebiT. SeadareT ninos monacemebis es ori forma. SeniSvna: Tu Tqven aswavliT iseT axal qcevas, rogoricaa Cacma, romelic nelia da iSviaTad vlindeba, am SemTxvevaSi gamoiyeneT movlenis Cawera qceviTi jaWvis yvela bijisaTvis, rom TiToeuli sworad Sesruleba CainiSnoT. gamoiyeneT movlenis nimuSi, Tu Tqven swavlobT maRali sixSiris mqone wyvetil qcevas, an cdilobT ramdenime wyvetili qcevis erTdroulad Caweras. Tu qceva xangrZlivia, Tqven SegiZlia gamoiyenoT drois momentaluri nimuSi.
savarjiSo: ivarjiSeT dakvirvebaSi im adamianebis SeswavliT, romlebic CxarTulni arian raime amocanis SesrulebaSi, magaliTad Wadrakis TamaSi, saWmlis keTeba, xveta. gamoiyeneT xanmokle samwuTiani SemTxvevis nimuSi da Semdeg kvlav samwuTiani drois momentaluri nimuSi erTidaigive qcevisTvis, rom SeadaroT Sedegebi. axla scadeT igive savarjiSo wyvetili qcevis dakvirvebisaTvis, magaliTad bavSvis mier burTisTvis fexis dartyma, ZaRlis yefa, finjanidan Cais daleva. ras amCnevT am Tqvens 2 Canawers?
dakvirvebis blankis saxeebi
dakvirvebis blankis SerCevas gansazRvravs Tavad samizne qcevis Tavisebureba. blanks virCevT imis mixedviT, Tu qcevis ra ganzomilebis dakvirveba gvaqvs dasaxuli miznad. sixSiris dakvirvebis blankis saSualebiT damkvirvebels SeuZlia ujraSi X-is an V-s CasmiT aRniSnos mocemul dRes samizne qcevis gamovlenis sixSire. am dRes aRniSnuli ujrebis raodenoba emTxveva qcevis saerTo dRiuri gamovlenis sixSires. xangrZlivobis dakvirvebis blanki gvexmareba CaviweroT samizne qcevis xangrZlivoba yoveldRiurad. amisTvis Cven avRniSnavT samizne qcevis dasawyiss da dasasruls. amiT Cven vgebulobT qcevis saerTo xangrZlivobas da sixSires. intervalSi dakvirvebis blankis gamoyenebisas, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT gvWirdeba raime damxmare mowyobiloba, romelic gvaniSnebs TiToeuli intervalis dasawyiss. magaliTad, saaTi, romelic yoveli aTi wamis gasvlis Semdeg gamoscems xmas. intervalebSi dakvirvebis blankis Sevsebisas Cven vsvamT X-s, 0 , /, an V-s mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu dakvirvebis dros samizne qceva gamovlinda. arsebobs qcevis dakvirvebis sxva meTodebic, magaliTad, qcevis TiToeuli gamovlenis Cawera: deda yovel Rame aRniSnavs loginis dasvelebis sixSires; mweveli aRniSnavs TiToeul moweul Rers. qcevis Caweris sxva magaliTebia: majis saaTis msgavsi mowyobiloba, romelzec Rilakis daWeriT axdenT samizne qcevis gamovlenis dafiqsirebas. aseve SeiZleba gamoviyenoT jibeSi Cayrili lobios marcvlebi da daviTvaloT ramdeni marcvali moxvdeba erTi jibidan meoreSi. arsebobs kidev e.w. nabijmzomi, romelic TavisTavd aRricxavs gadadgmuli nabijebis raodenobas, rac msgavsia spidometris, romelic aseve SeiZleba iqnas gamoyenebuli adamiansa da manqanaze.
intervalSi dakvirvebis blanki
klientis saxeli: TariRi:
damkvirvebeli: dasawyisi: dasasruli:
samizne qceva:
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xangrZlivobis dakvirvebis blanki
sixSiris dakvirvebis blanki
DdamkvirvebelTa Soris Tanxmoba – sandooba
sistematuri dakvirvebis warmarTvisas, mniSvnelovania drodadro SevamowmoT, rom zustad vakvirdebiT da zedmiwevniT sworad viyenebT Tu ara qcevis ganmartebasa da kodirebis proceduras. damtkicebulia, rom droTa msvlelobaSi Canawerebis sizuste iklebs. es SeiZleba ganpirobebuli iyos damkvirveblis sirTuleebiT, xelSemSleli faqtorebiT an ubralod ganmartebis daviwyebiT. imisTvis, rom Tavidan aviridoT es, damkvirveblebs Soris Tanxmoba, anu sandooba, regularulad unda iyos warmarTuli, rogorc safuZvlisas, ise saswavlo programis yvela fazaSi. damkvirvebelTa Soris Tanxmoba mowmdeba meore damkvirvebelTan erTad samizne qcevis erTdrouli dakvirvebiT. Cveulebriv is ZiriTadi damkvirveblisagan moSorebiT dgas (ZiriTadi damkvirvebeli aris adamiani, romelic qcevis Secvlis procesSi mudmivad akvirdeba). am SemTxvevaSi dakvirvebis koordinireba xdeba imiTi, rom erT-erTi damkvirvebeli acxadebs TiToeuli intervalis dasawyiss da TiToeuli axdens Tavisi dakvirvebis Caweras imisTvis, rom sesiis bolos moaxdinon Sedareba. yvelaze saukeTeso gza imisTvis, rom gansazRvro Tanxmoba, aris is, rom TiToeuli intervalisTvis naxo Tanxvedra (intervali intervalis wil- meTodi). imisaTvis, rom daviTvaloT gamovlenis sandooba, iTvleba samizne qcevis gamovlenasTan Tanxvedra da uTanxmoebis ricxvi. Tu orive damkvirvebels erTi intervalisaTvis kodirebuli aqvT identuri qceva, es miiCneva Tanxvedrad. Tu qceva mocemul intervalSi kodirebuli aqvs erTs, xolo meores ara, es miiCneva uTanxmoebad. Semdeg xdeba Tanxvedrisa da uTanxmoebis intervalebis raodenobis cal-calke Sejameba. gamovlenis sandoobis procenti iTvleba Semdegi formuliT: Tanxvedris ricxvi gayofili Tanxvedrisa da uTanxmoebis ricxvTa jamze da gamravlebuli asze;
[pic]
magaliTad; Tu Tqven gaqvT 180 dakvirvebis intervali, sadac gqondaT 93 Tanxmoba da 12 uTanxmoeba, gamovlenis sandoobis procenti Semdegnairad gamoiTvleba 93/105 * 100 = 88,6 DdamkvirvebelTa Soris sandoobis 80% an meti miiCneva misaRebad. Tu Tqveni Tanxmoba naklebia, dagWirdebaT meti varjiSi da unda darwmundeT, rom Tqven iwerT blankis erTidaigive ujraSi, an gadasinjeT ganmartebebi imisaTvis, rom isini gaxadoT ufro zusti da specifiuri. Tu Tqven akvirdebodiT qcevebis ramdenime klass, rogoricaa ninos socialuri urTierTobebi, umjobesia SeamowmoT Tanxmoba qcevaTa TiToeuli klasisaTvis (magaliTad; v.m. v.b. f.m. f.b.). es rom sworad gaakeToT, Tqven dagWirdebaT damkvirvebelTa Soris sandoobis dasaTvlelad dakvirvebis didi sesia, magaliTad; 15 – 30 wuTis, an ramdenime mokle da Tanmimdevruli sesiebis erToblioba. Tanxmobis procenti icvleba Tu Tqven gaqvT cota qcevebi, rogorc es xdeba mokle sesiebis dros. SeniSvna: SeamowmeT damkvirvebelTa Soris Tanxmoba safuZvlis dros (manam daiwyebT trenings an intervencias), darwmundiT, rom gaqvT kargi Tanxmoba (80% - ze meti) sanam axalze gadaxvalT. regularulad gadaamowmeT sandooba, imisaTvis, rom Tqveni programis TiToeuli nawili moicvaT, sul cota, dakvirvebis 20% damkvirvebelTa Soris sandoobis SemowmebiT.
Tavi meoTxe
MmonacemTa grafikuli gamosaxva
I. grafikebis gamoyeneba II. grafikis komponentebi III. safuZvlis monacemebis grafikuli gamosaxva da analizi IV. intervenciis grafikuli gamosaxva V. erTi subieqtis dizainis-gegmarebis gamoyeneba
grafikebis gamoyeneba
qcevis gamoyenebiTi analizi iyenebs grafikebs imisTvis, rom warmoaCinos qcevis `done~ Carevis ganxorcielebamde da Carevis msvlelobisas. es gvaZlevs saSualebas, moxdes qcevaSi momxdari cvlilebebis grafikulad dafiqsireba. grafikebi aadvileben qcevis `doneebis~ Sedarebas Carevis win, msvlelobisas da Semdeg, misi vizualurad warmodgenis safuZvelze. rac dasayrdens warmoadgens Carevis mimdinareobis efeqturobis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebisaTvis. grafikis im nawils, romelic asaxavs Carevamde qcevis `dones~ hqvia safuZveli.
grafikis komponentebi
grafikebze asaxulia Semdegi 6 bazisuri komponenti.
• X da Y komponentebi. Y aris vertikaluri, xolo X - horizontaluri RerZi.
• ras aRniSnavs X da Y RerZebi. Y RerZi, Cveulebriv, asaxavs qcevas da warmoadgens misi ganzomilebis grafikul asaxvas. X RerZi asaxavs drois monakveTs, romlis ganmavlobaSi mimdinareobda qcevis Cawera.
• ricxvebi X da Y RerZebze: Y RerZze ricxvebi Seesatyviseba qcevis mocemuli ganzomilebis sazom erTeuls; X RerZze ricxvebi aRniSnaven drois erTeuls.
• wertilebi grafikze sworad unda Seesatyvisebodes qcevis `dones~, romelic gamovlinda drois konkretul momentSi, e.i. TiToeuli wertili erTdroulad Seesatyviseba qcevis `dones~ da drois monakveTs da RerZebs SeiZleba davukavSiroT wyvetili xazis saSualebiT.
• fazis xazi – igi aris vertikaluri xazi grafikze, romelic asaxavs cvlilebas CarevaSi an Carevis dasawyiss. faza asaxavs drois im monakveTs, roca Careva ar xorcieldeba, an Tu xorcieldeba am drois ganmavlobaSi mas ucvleli forma aqvs.
• fazis dasaxeleba _ TiToeul fazas aqvs Tavisi saxeli, romelic grafikze weria monacemebis Tavze fazis monakveTis zemo nawilSi. magaliTad, pirveli faza yovelTvis gamoiyofa fazis xaziT da warmoadgens baseline- safuZvels. qga _Si monacemTa analizi xdeba grafikebis mixedviT (ix. parsonsoni da beari 1978). imisaTvis, rom moamzadoT Tqveni dakvirvebis monacemebi grafikis asagebad, Tqven dagWirdebaT, isini gadaiyvanoT romelime tipis standartul ricxviT formaSi. Tu Tqven gaqvT monacemebis sixSire, rogoricaa qurTukis Cacmisas warmatebiT ganxorcielebuli bijebi, mSrali Rameebis ricxvi, sworad wakiTxuli winadadebebis ricxvi, Tqven SegiZliaT SemTxvevebis raodenoba gadazomoT vertikalurYY RerZze treningis sesiebi an kvirebi horizontalur X RerZze. monacemebiT Seqmnili RerZi gvaZlevs monacemTa mruds.
[pic]
xSirad Cven monacemebi mogrovebuli gvaqvs sxvadasxva xangZlivobis sesiebidan, an Cven gvsurs maTi, rogorc proporciuli wilis gamosaxva, aseT SemTxvevaSi mniSvnelovania maTi procentebSi gadayvana, rac SeiZleba Semdegnairad gaxorcieldes:
Ggamovlenis sixSirisaTvis – pasuxis gamovlenis intervalebis raodenoba gayofili arsebuli intervalebis saerTo raodenobaze da gamravlebuli 100 –ze.
Ggamovlenis sixSire [pic] G gamovlenis xangZlivobis SemTxvevaSi- qcevis gamovlenis Cawerili dro gayofili dakvirvebis saerTo droze da gamravlebuli 100 – ze.
Ggamovlenis xangrZlivoba [pic]
pasuxTa procentis SemTxvevaSi- kodirebuli pasuxebis raodenoba gayofili pasuxebis SesaZleblobis raodenobaze da gamravlebuli 100-ze.
pasuxTa procenti [pic]
EqvemoT warmoadgenilia gamovlenis sixSiris grafikis nimuSi.
[pic]
safuZvlis monacemebis grafikuli gamosaxva da analizi
safuZvelis monacemi warmoadgens qcevis Sesaxeb Canawers treningis an raime Carevis ganxorcielebamde. Cven winaswar gvesaWiroeba gvqondes Canaweri imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra davalebebis Sesruleba an unarebis gamoyeneba SeuZlia moswavles. es Seexeba konkretulad im davalebebsa Tu unarebs romelTa swavlebasac vgegmavT. safuZveli aris monacemi qcevis sixSiresa Tu xanglivobaze, romlis cvlilebac gvaqvs ganzraxuli. amas ewodeba safuZvlis Canaweri. arsebobs mxolod erTi wesi safuZvlis monacemebis mogrovebis xangrzlivobasTan dakavSirebiT, romelic gulisxmobs, rom monacemebis Cawera unda gagrZeldes, manam sanam ar miviRebT stabilur suraTs, e. i. monacemebi ar aris droSi Zalian gafantuli anu cvalebadi. ra Tqma unda, zogierTi qceva droSi Zalian icvleba, ase rom Tqven gWirdebaT darwmundeT rom es mravalferovneba Tavad am qcevis damaxasiaTebeli niSania da ara ubralod ramdenime dRis cvalebadobis Sedegi. Tu ar xarT darwmunebuli Tqveni monacemebis stabilurobaSi, daakvirdiT mas cota ufro xangZlivad. SexedeT Tqvens mier yoveldRiurad Sevsebul grafikze monacemebs rogori ganviTarebis tendencia aqvs. rogorc wesi, safuZvelSi iqonieT sul cota 5 monacemi Tqvens grafikze. Tu Tqveni monacemebis mrudi gaCvenebT, rom is qceva, romlis gazrdasac Tqven apirebdiT, droSi TandaTan izrdeba, Tqven dagWirdebaT ufro didi safuZveli, raTa gansazRvroT, saerTod saWiroa Tu ara Tqveni programa. Tu qceva izrdeba im SemTxvevaSi, roca Tqven gindaT qcevis Semcireba, maSin SegiZliaT 5 monacemiT SemoifargloT sanam daiwyebT Tqveni programis warmarTvas. qveviT warmodgenilia grafiki, romelzec mrudis mimarTuleba emTxveva Carevis mizans, rac gveubneba, rom saWiroa cota xani Seyovneba da monacemebis Seswavla imisaTvis, rom ganisazRvros, saWiroebs Tu ara es qceva damatebiT Carevas.
[pic]
Semdegi grafiki asaxavs, rom qceva uaresdeba da amiTi migviTiTebs intervenciis saWiroebaze. [pic]G B bolo grafikze mrudi gviCvenebs safuZvelSi monacemTa cvalebadobas. Tu ara gvaqvs stabiluri monacemi (Tu isini icvleba zeviT-qveviT, cota xani myardeba da Semdeg isev icvleba), umjobesia cota xani davelodoT da gavarkvioT, es cvlileba tipiuria, Tu Cven SeiZleba sabolood myari Sedegi miviRoT. [pic] manam, sanam miiRebT swavlebisa an intervenciis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebas, darwmundiT; rom safuZvelSi grafikze gamosaxul monacemTa mrudi stabiluria, an gvaCvenebs gauaresebis suraTs. daelodeT kidev cota xans Tu qcevis gaumjobesebis tendencia gaqvT saxeze, raTa darwmundeT, rom aq ar mimdinareobs spontanuri cvlileba. bolo grafikis msgavsi SemTxvevebisas, roca aris cvalebadi monacemi, moiZieT is garemo movlenebi, romlebmac SeiZleba gikarnaxon, Tu ra akontrolebs am qcevas. iqneb arsebobs vinme, visi TandaswrebiTac qceva uaresdeba an piriqiT, iqneb raRaca xdeba, magaliTad; Wamis droa an Zilis droa da es cvlis suraTs, an iqneb Tqven akeTebT raimes, rac iwvevs cvlilebebs. gaixseneT, rac waikiTxeT sinjebis TavSi, radgan safuZveli warmoadgens sinjebis erTobliobas, romelic svams kiTxvas - “SegiZlia Sen amis gakeTeba?”
intervenciis grafikuli gamosaxva
M mas Semdeg, rac Tqven moipoveT safuZvlisaTvis sakmarisi monacemi da axla iciT, rom gindaT axali qcevis swavleba, arsebuli qcevis gazrda, an problemuri qcevis Semcireba, Tqven mzad xarT moswavlis swavlebisTvis an masTan intervenciis ganxorcielebisaTvis. safuZvlis monacemebis bolos grafikze CamousviT vertikaluri xazi imisaTvis, rom aRniSnoT swavlebis an intervenciis fazaSi mopovebuli axali monacemebi. axali monacemebis grafikulad gamosaxvisas SeamowmeT ramdenad efeqturia Tqveni programa mimarTulebis tendenciisa da monacemTa mrudze cvlilebebis dakvirvebiT. SeniSvna: zogierTi rCeva, Tu rogor SeiZleba gakeTdes es, warmodgenilia parsonsonisa da bearis statiaSi “grafikuli monacemebis analizi da prezentacia”.
erTi subieqtis dizainis-gegmarebis gamoyeneba
Eeqsperimentuli kontrolis demonstrirebisaTvis saWiroa satreningo procedurebis efeqturobis dasadgenad sistematuri Sefaseba. Gqga – procedurebi gulisxmobs erTi subieqtis dizainis gegmarebis ganxorcielebas. es dizaini Zlieria da karg Sedegs iZleva erT SemTxvevasTan muSaobisas. is saSualebas gvaZlevs warmovadginoT, ramdenad efeqturia Cvens mier gamoyenebuli procedurebi rogorc eTikuri, ise mecnieruli kuTxiT. imisaTvis, rom iswavloT am dizainis gamoyeneba, gaecaniT TandarTul statiebs. Tqven am statiebSi iswavliT yvelafers, rac aucilebelia erTi subieqtis dizainis grafikuli gamosaxvisaTvisaTvis. ZiriTadad Tqven dagWirdebaT mravlobiTi safuZveli an mravali sinjis dizaini-sqema, radgan isini ufro martivi da eTikuria, vidre Sebrunebuli dizaini-sqema. E dizaini SeiZleba exebodes erTi moswavlis ramdenime qcevas; rogoricaa Cacma, dabana, tualetSi wasvla; an erTidaigive qcevas sxvadasxva garemoSi, magaliTad; skola, saxli, erT an ramdenime adamianTan, magaliTad; deda, bebia, mama; an sxvadasxva moswavles. Tqven SegiZliaT gaaerTianoT dizainebi da gaakeToT mravlobiTi safuZvlis an mravlobiTi sinjis dizaini-sqema, romelic moicavs erT an ramdenime cvladi kriteriumis dizains-sqemas. M magaliTad; radgan cvladi kriteriumis dizaini Zalian kargia, roca viyenebT qceviT jaWvs axali qcevis swavlebisaTvis, rogoricaa jempris Cacma; kbilebis gamoxexva, radgan am SemTxvevaSi Tqveni amocanis analizi iZleva bijebis Tu safexurebis erTianobas, romelic SeiZleba warmodgenil iqnes cvalebadi kriteriumis dizainiT. SeecadeT moipovoT safuZvlis monacemebi orive qcevisaTvis, jer aswavleT jempris Cacma da am dros gaagrZeleT safuZvlis sinjebis aReba kbilis xexvasTan dakavSirebiT. mas Semdeg, rac Cacma kargad yalibdeba, daiwyeT kbilebis xexvis swavlebac. Tqven igive SeiZleba gaakeToT Cacmis or qcevasTan. jemprisa da Sarvlis CacmasTan erTdroulad, aseTi saxiT Tqven geqnebaT mravlobiTi safuZveli an mravali sinjis dizaini, romelic moicavs or cvalebadi kriteriumis dizains. es Sedegebi asaxavs, rom bavSvi axal qcevas axorcielebs mxolod mas Semdeg, rac Tqven iwyebT mis swavlebas. Eeqsperimentuli dizainis gamoyeneba SesaZleblobas gvaZlevs warvmarToT da warmovadginoT sainterso kvleva, romelic asaxavs Tqveni swavlebis efeqturobas, rac Semdeg SeiZleba gaxdes sakurso an disertacia, an Tundac gamocemuli Sroma.
Tavi mexuTe
qcevis gamoyenebiTi analizis procedurebis danergvis saWiroebis gansazRvra
rogor ganvsazRvroT, saWiroa Tu ara Carevis programa?
I. qcevis gamoyenebiTi analizis procedurebi
rogor ganvsazRvroT, saWiroa Tu ara Carevis programa?
Cven xSirad vaskvniT, rom qceviTi cvlilebis programa saWiroa, radgan Cven gvTxoves amis gakeTeba, an sxva adamiani uCivis klientis qcevas. Cveulebriv, bavSvebTan da unarmoklebul pirebTan muSaobisas avtoritetuli piri (mSobeli, maswavlebeli, eqimi) akeTebs momarTvas, Tavad bavSvi an unarmoklebuli pirovneba iSviaTad mogvmarTavs sakuTari qcevis Secvlis surviliT. EerTi ram unda gvaxsovdes, rom avtoritetebs aqvT Zala, da rodesac isini uCivian bavSvis an unarmoklebuli adamianis qcevas, maSin am avtoritetis mxridan arsebobs Tqveni daxmarebiT, maTTvis sasurveli, cvlilebis ganxorcielebis molodini. rogorc profesionalebs, Tqven am SemTxvevaSi gaqvT valdebuleba, daicvaT klientis uflebebi (ix. profesiuli eTikis Tavi). termini Careva-intervencia aq gamoiyeneba nebismieri qceviTi cvlilebebis programis aRsaniSnavad, iqneba es axali qcevis swavleba, arsebulis gaZliereba Tu problemurad aRqmuli qcevebis Semcireba. gTavazobT Sulzer-Azaroff-isa da Mayer-is (1977) Carevis gansazRvrisaTvis saxelmZRvanelo sakiTxebs: qceva SeiZleba iyos problema, Tu: • Tu Tqven iRebT mravlobiT Txovnebs cvlilebaze • Tu is gadaxrilia normidan, ise rom is xdeba Zalian xSirad (Warbi qceva) an Zalian iSviaTad (deficituri qceva), an is xdeba araswor adgilas Tu dros (mwiri stimulebiT kontroli). • Tu arsebobs uecari da gadamwyveti cvlileba mocemuli qcevis paternSi.
CaatareT pirveladi Sefaseba; GgamoiyeneT interviu, pirdapiri dakvirveba, qcevis Canawerebi an testebi.
Tu problema aris, igi SeiZleba iyos; • fizikuri, • samedicino (rac moicavs medikamentebis zemoqmedebasac), • institucionaluri (rutina, molodinebi, Zaladoba, ugulvebelyofa, TanamSromlebis an sxvaTa qceva) • garemo (amindi, alergiebi, dieta, xmauri, sicive, sicxe, cudi pirobebi) • qceviTi (gaiTvaliswineT, rom es aris CamonaTvalSi bolo, radgan jer Cven wina faqtorebi unda gaviTvaliswinoT).
SegviZlia Tu ara martivad gadavWraT problema: xandaxan rutinis Secvla, davalebis Sesasruleblad meti drois daTmoba, moTxovnebis da zewolis Semcireba, an ubralod pirovnebisaTvis Tundac raime patara saxis miTiTebis micema SeiZleba efeqturi iyos. yvelaferi amis gaTvaliswinebis Semdeg Tu kidev arsebobs problema da es problema qceviTia, maSin:
• gansazRvreT klientis qceviTi Zlieri mxareebi (risi gakeTeba SeuZlia)
• gansazRvreT maTi qceviTi naklovaneba (risi gakeTeba ar SeuZlia kargad an saerTod).
• gansazRvreT maTi ganmamtkiceblebi, pozitiuri cvlilebebis gansaxorcielebisaTvis moamzadeT pozitiuri procesebis gegma
• Ggasagebad CamoayalibeT intervencia – saswavlo gegma; daisaxeT garkveuli qceviTi miznebi, SeagroveT monacemebi; awarmoeT grafikebi da Canawerebi.
qcevis gamoyenebiTi analizis procedurebi
• qcevis gamoyenebiTi analizis procedurebi aerTianebs gamoyenebiT teqnologiebs, romelic mimarTulia Tavad samizne qcevis konteqstis gaTvaliswinebiT cvlilebebis danergvaze.
• Ees procedurebi danawevrebulia, erTismxriv rogorc pasuxis albaTobis gazrdaze orientirebuli da meores mxriv pasuxis albaTobis Semcirebaze mimarTuli.
• A am procedurebis danergvis Sesabamisobas gansazRvravs Tavad Sesacvleli qcevis konteqsti. pirobiTad samizne qceva SegviZlia or formad gavyoT. im SemTxvevaSi Tu samizne qcevis gamovlena am qcevis konteqstidan miiCneva, rogorc defeciti- arasakmarisi (magaliTad bavSvi ar metyvelebs), maSin gamoiyeneba pasuxis albaTobis gazrdaze orientirebuli procedurebi, xolo im SemTxvevaSi Tu samizne qcevis gamovlena am qcevis konteqstidan miiCneva, rogorc moWarbebulad (bavSvi urtyams Tantolebs), maSin gamoiyeneba pasuxis albaTobis Semcirebaze orientirebuli procedurebi.
Tavi meeqvse
pasuxis albaTobis gazrdis procedurebi
I. pasuxis albaTobis gazrda ganmtkicebiT II. dadebiTi da uaryofoTi ganmtkiceba III. ganmamtkiceblis saxeebi IV. ganmamtkiceblebis efeqturi gamoyeneba V. ganmtkicebis ganrigi VI. dadebiTi ganmamtkiceblebis gamoyeneba VII. premakis principi VIII. faqtorebi, romlebic axdenen zegavlenas ganmamtkiceblis efeqturobaze IX. axali unarebis swavlebis formebi X. amocanis analizi XI. qceviTi jaWvi XII. jaWvis Camoyalibeba XIII. rogor gamoviyenoT qcevis formireba? XIV. damxmare strategiebi qceviTi jaWvis CamoyalibebaSi
pasuxis albaTobis gazrda ganmtkicebiT
Sedegs (Tanmxvedr movlenebs), romelic uSualod Tan sdevs qcevas da zrdis qcevis gamovlenis albaTobas, uwodeben ganmamtkicebels. im SemTxvevaSi, roca pasuxis gamovlenisTanave warvudgineT movlenebi da maT gazardes mocemuli qcevis gamovlenis albaToba, es Tanmxvedri movlenebi ganmamtkicebeblebia. MmaSin, roca Cven qcevas warvudgenT Tanmxvedr movlenas imisTvis, rom gavzardoT am qcevis gamovlena, Cven viyenebT ganmtkicebas. ganmtkiceba aris procesi, roca qceva Zlierdeba misi uSualo Tanmdevi Sedegebis gamo – es Sedegi uSualod Tan axlavs qcevis gamovlenas. aseT SemTxvevaSi qcevis gaZliereba niSnavs momavalSi am qcevis gamovlenis albaTobis zrdas. ganmtkicebiT gaZlierebul qcevas uwodeben operantul qcevas. operantuli qceva muSaobs, raTa zemoqmedeba moaxdinos garemoze da piriqiT, igi Tavad kontrolirdeba uSualod Tanmdevi Sedegebis mier.. magaliTad:
1. Rame bavSvi tiris loginSi. mSobeli midis mis oTaxSi, efereba da amSvidebs mas. Sedegad, bavSvi Zilis win ufro xSirad tiris.
2. qali quCaSi xsnis qolgas. qolga akavebs wvimas da qali aRar sveldeba. axla qali yovelTvis xsnis qolgas.
3. sofiko uyurebs televizors. roca ekrani urevs, sofiko folgas ukeTebs “antenas” da gamosaxuleba swordeba. Sedegad, axla, gamosaxulebis gafuWebis SemTxvevaSi maRali albaTobaa imisa, rom sofiko folgas gaukeTebs “antenas”. ganmtkiceba Semdegnairad ganisazRvreba:
1. erTi gansazRvruli qcevis gamovlenas
2. uSualod Tan sdevs Sedegi,
3. romelic aZlierebs qcevas. qcevis ganmtkiceba SesaZlebelia dadebiTi ganmtkicebiT (ganmamtkicebeli stimulis damatebiT) an uaryofiTi ganmtkicebiT, (e. i. Ddamsjeli an aversiuli stimulis mocilebiT).
dadebiTi da uaryofoTi ganmtkiceba
dadebiTi da uaryofiTi ganmtkiceba erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdeba mxolod Sedegebis xasiaTis, bunebis mixedviT. dadebiTi ganmtkiceba Semdegnairad ganisazRvreba: 1. erTi gansazRvruli qcevis gamovlenas 2. uSualod Tan sdevs axali stimuli an arsebuli stimulis intensivobis zrda, 3. romelic aZlierebs qcevas PdadebiTi ganmtkicebis magaliTia: Tqven xedavT sasurveli samarSruto taqsis nomers (ganmasxvavebeli stimuli) da mZRoli giCerebT manqanas. Nomris SemCneva iqneba dadebiTad ganmtkicebuli. Tu mariami xedavs stumars, romelic movida bavSvTa saxlSi (ganmasxvavebeli stimuli) da mariami miemarTeba stumrisken RimiliT da uwvdis xels (qceva) da iRebs kanfets; misi miaxloeba, gaRimeba da xelis gawvdena iqneba dadebiTad ganmtkicebuli. PdadebiTi ganmtkiceba saukeTeso proceduraa axali qcevis CamoyalibebisTvis, an im qcevis gazrdisTvis, romelic gvinda rom ufro xSirad gamovlindes. E bavSvis an mozrdilis daxmarebisas dadebiTi ganmtkiceba gamoiyeneba swavlebisa da waxalisebisaTvis. termini dadebiTi gamoiyeneba maTematikuri azriT, radgan dadebiTi ganmtkicebis dros Cven vamatebT ganmamtkicebel stimuls pasuxis Semdeg. U uaryofiTi ganmtkicebis SemTxvevaSi qcevebi, romlebic saSualebas gaZlevTY airidoT, an Tavi daaRwioT aversiul, an damsjel stimulebs, warmatebis SemTxvevaSi ganmtkicdeba. M magaliTad; Tqven axvediT samarSruto taqsSi, magram is aRmoCnda savse da erTaderTi Tavisufali skami gatexili da mouxerxebelia. mgzavrobisas Tqven akvirdebiT ukeTes skamebze msxdom adamianebs, xom ar undaT Casvla. Gganmasxvavebeli stimuli, rogoricaa safuleSi fulis Zebna an mZRolisaTvis “gaaCeres” Tqma, miizidavs Tqvens yuradRebas. aseTi niSnebis dakvirveba da ganTavisuflebul skamze gadajdoma ganmtkicdeba, radgan isini gvexmareba diskomfortis acilebaSi. M Tu Tqven gaqvT kenWi fexsacmelSi, romelic gtkenT fexs, SeCereba da misi amoReba ganmtkicdeba am tkivilis moSorebiT. wvimis wveTebi aris ganmasxvavebeli stimuli, rom gaxsnaT qolga, ase qolgis gaSla mtkicdeba, radgan Tqven aicileT dasveleba. Mmariamma iswavla, rom ZiZa Zalian brazdeba, Tu is stumrebs uaxlovdeba da kanfets iTxovs, amitomac maSin, roca is, stumrebis TandaswrebiT xedavs ZiZis moaxloebas, mariami midis da imaleba SemosasvlelSi. ZiZis gabrazebis aridebiT ganmtkicda SemosasvlelSi damalva. termini uaryofiTis gamoyenebisas studentebi xSirad uaryofiT ganmtkicebas dasjaSi ureven, ganmtkicebis konteqstSi sityva uaryofiTi ukavSirdeba minus niSans, radgan Cven vaklebT aversiul stimuls. zemoqmedeba isev ganmamtkicebelia, radgan qcevebi, romlebic iZleva aridebis da Tavis daRwevis SesaZleblobas warmatebiT Zlierdeba. UuaryofiTi ganmtkiceba ar gamoiyeneba qga-Si axali qcevis swalebisaTvis, radgan saswavlo da qcevis Camoyalibebis meTodebSi aversiuli situaciebidan gaqcevisa an Tavis aridebis gamoyeneba ukavSirdeba eTikur sakiTxebs. G uaryofiTi ganmtkiceba Semdegnairad ganisazRvreba: 1. erTi gansazRvruli qcevis gamovlenas 2. uSualod Tan sdevs stimulis moSoreba an arsebuli stimulis intensivobis Semcireba, 3. romelic aZlierebs qcevas.
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ganmamtkiceblis saxeebi
ganmamtkicebeli `muSaobs~ mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu igi zrdis samizne qcevis gamovlenas, sixSires, xangrZlivobas an intensivobas. sistematuri dakvirvebis safuZvelze Cven SegviZlia ganvsazRvroT, Tu ra warmoadgens ganmamtkicebels mocemuli pirovnebis samizne qcevisTvis, aRniSnul drosa da sivrceSi. ar arsebobs universaluri ganmamtkiceblebi, magram SesaZlebelia im Sedegebis klasificireba, romlebic pirobiTad miiCneva efeqtur ganmamtkiceblebad. ganarCeven xuTi saxis ganmamtkicebels: kvebiTs, materialurs, aqtivobiTs, gadacvlads da socialurs. kvebiTi ganmamtkiceblis magaliTebia: tkbileuli, mSrali xili - qiSmiSi da gargaris Ciri. aseTi saxis ganmamtkiceblis gamoyenebisas unda visargebloT Zalian patara naWrebiT, raTa aviridoT moyirWeba. tkbileulis gamoyeneba safrTxiloa bavSvebTan, romelTac aqvT kbilebis an diabetis problema. materialuri ganmamtkicebeli SeiZleba iyos yvelaferi, dawyebuli patara saTamaSodan damTavrebuli ZvirfaseulobiT. aqac SeiZleba saqme gvqondes moyirWebasTan, Tu ar gamoviyenebT sagnebis mravalferovnebas. jgufSi materialuri ganmamtkiceblebis gamoyeneba gamoiwvevs eWvianobas, qurdobas da Cxubs, rac Seqmnis usiamovno atmosferos. aqtivobiTi ganmamtkicebeli SeiZleba iyos yvelaferi is, risi gakeTebac pirovnebas moswons. magaliTad, TamaSi, televizoris yureba, suraTebis daTvaliereba, xatva, siaruli, wignis kiTxva, qargva. gadacvaladi ganmamtkicebeli SeiZleba iyos yvelaferi, rac gadaicvleba raimeSi. dawyebuli fulidan, damTavrebuli qaRaldze misawebeblebiT. gadacvladi ganmamtkicebeli amcirebs moyirWebis albaTobas, radgan misi gamoyeneba SeiZleba sxvadasxva ramis mopovebisTvis. Tumca aseTi ganmamtkiceblis SeTavazebisas saWiroa moxdes misi winaswari gacnoba da muSaobis formis swavleba. socialur ganmamtkicebels warmoadgens yvelaferi, rac sasiamovnoa, rom miviRoT an movisminoT meore adamianisgan, dawyebuli Rimilidan damTavrebuli iseTi winadadebiT, rogoricaa ”paata, me momwons Seni daxatuli mrgvali, lamazi wre. YyoCaR!” Tu davaleba bolomde sworad ar aris Sesrulebuli, Tqven SegiZliaT SearCioT is nawili, romelsac bavSvma kargad gaarTva Tavi da gamoyoT (yuradReba gaamaxviloT) isini Tqveni Seqebisas. Semdeg SesTavazeT gzebi davalebis ukeTesad Sesasruleblad. M magaliTad; QqeTi cdilobs Wamos, magram kovzi utrialdeba zustad pirSi moxvedramde da qeTis saWmeli eRvreba. ”qeTi, Sen yoCaRi gogo xar da kargad axerxeb saWmlis kovzze dadebas da TiTqmis piramde mitanas. modi, kidev scade, magram exla kovzs magrad mouWire xeli, modi vnaxoT, iqneb ukeTesad gamogivides.
ganmamtkiceblebis efeqturi gamoyeneba
GgaxsovdeT, rom ganmamtkicebeli Sesrulebuli funqciis mixedviT ganimarteba, rogorc qcevaze realuri da ara, rogorc qcevaze navaraudevi (ganzraxuli) efeqtis mqone. ganmamtkiceblis ganmartebis Tanaxmad, procedurulad Cven sasurveli pasuxis Semdeg vawvdiT Tanmxvedr Sedegs, magram Tu es Sedegi ar zrdis aRniSnul qcevas, Sesrulebuli funqciidan (qcevaze efeqtidan) gamomdinare is ar aris ganmamtkicebeli. Q qcevaze da mis Sedegze sistematuri dakvirveba gvaZlevs saSualebas, ganvsazRvroT, Tu ra muSaobs, rogorc ganmamtkicebeli Cveni moswavlisaTvis. ar arsebobs universaluri ganmamtkicebeli garda im ganmamtkiceblisa, romlebic SesaZloa, rom dakavSirebuli iyvnen mocemuli saxeobos gadarCenasTan. is, Tu ra SeiZleba iyos ganmamtkicebeli, icvleba asakis, sqesis, kulturis warmomavlobisa da gamocdilebis mixedviT. savarjiSo: Yyvela tipis ganmamtkiceblisaTvis moifiqreT nimuSi, romelsac Tqven miiCnevT ganmamtkiceblad da CamoTvaleT isini efeqtis Zalis mixedviT. Aaxla SeecadeT ifiqroT moyirWebas rogori zemoqmedeba eqneba TiToeuli maTganis Zalaze. M magaliTad; Tu Tqven marTla Zalian giyvarT Sokoladi, ramdeni unda SeWamoT, rom Sokoladi aRar mogindeT. Ees aris moyirWebis mdgomareoba. warmoidgineT, rom Tqven gaiZuleben, rom kidev SeWamoT, da Tqven Tavs cudad grZnobT, guli gerevaT, es aris mdgomareoba, roca ganmtkiceba iqceva dasjad.
ganmtkicebis ganrigi
Cven roca qcevis Secvlas vgegmavT, mniSvnelovania ganmtkicebis sistematuri gamoyeneba, rasac Cven ganmtkicebis ganrigs vuwodebT. samizne qcevisaTvis ganmtkicebis miwodebis ganrigi warmoadgens ganmamtkiceblis miwodebis cxrils, romelic winaswar gansazRvravs yvela sasurvel qcevas Tan sdevs ganmamtkicebeli, Tu mxolod zogierTs. Uuwyveti ganmtkiceba aris ganmtkicebis ganrigi, romelic moiTxovs ganmamtkiceblis miwodebas yoveli swori pasuxis ganxorcielebis Semdeg (imavdroulad). Uuwyveti ganmtkicebis gamoyenebisas qceva swrafad yalibdeba, ase rom aseTi ganrigis gamoyenebas Cven mivmarTavT axali qcevis pirvelad swavlebisas an maSin, roca gvinda ukve arsebuli qcevis gazrda, Tu is sakmarisad xSirad ar vlindeba. radgan aseTi ganrigis gamoyenebiT Camoyalibebuli qceva ar aris Caqrobisadmi mdgradi, e.i. sustdeba da qvreba, Tu ganmtkiceba wydeba. ganmtkicebis dagegmvisas, mas Semdeg rac qceva kargad Camoyalibebulia da saTanadod vlindeba, uwyveti ganmtkiceba Cveulebriv icvleba wyvetili ganmtkicebiT. wyvetili ganmtkiceba: qga-Si wyvetili ganmtkicebis ganrigis ori saxe arsebobs: cvladi racioniT ganmtkicebis ganrigi (c.r.) da cvladi intervaliT ganmtkicebis ganrigi (c.i.). wyvetili ganmtkicebis ganrigebi gamoiyeneba mas Semdeg, rac qceva kargad Camoyalibda da es ganrigebi zrdis qcevis mdgradobas Caqrobis mimarT. c.r. ganmtkicebis ganrigi moqmedebs maSin, roca Cven vawvdiT ganmamtkicebels dagegmili pasuxebis saSualo raodenobis gamovlenisas. MmagaliTad; Tu Cven viwyebT ganmtkicebas ori pasuxis Semdeg, mere eqvsi pasuxis Semdeg, mere oTxi pasuxis Semdeg, saSualod Cven vanmtkicebT erT pasuxs oTxi pasuxidan, es aris cvladi racioni oTxi (c.r.4) ganmtkicebis ganrigi. MmogvianebiT Tu SevamcirebT ganmamtkiceblis miwodebis sixSires da cvladi racioniT ganmtkicebis ganrigi gaxdeba erTi aTi pasuxidan, miviRebT c.r 10.-s. c.i.-T ganmtkicebis ganrigi xorcieldeba maSin, roca qceva mtkicdeba winaswar gansazRvruli saSualo drois gavlis Semdeg. M magaliTad; Tu ganmamtkicebeli miewodeba 12 wamis Semdeg, mere 3 wamis Semdeg, mere 15 wamis Semdeg saSualod Tqven gamogivaT c.i. 10 ganrigi. Gqga-s programebSi Cveulebriv gamoiyeneba c.r. ganrigebi, radgan ufro advilia daiTvalo pasuxebis gamovlenis ricxvi, vidre gamoiyeno wammzomi, rom ganaxorcielo c.i. ganrigiT ganmtkiceba. saklaso oTaxsa da ojaxur pirobebSi Cven Cveulebrivad ar vayalibebT specifiur c.r. ganrigebs, Cven viwyebT uwyveti ganmtkicebiT da Semdeg TandaTan vxSiravT am ganrigs da mas c.r. ganrigad gardavqmniT. am SemTxvevaSi, miuxedavad imisa, rom Cven SeiZleba ar vicodeT zusti ganrigi, Cven SevecdebiT gamovxSiroT rac SeiZleba sistematurad. c.r. ganrigis TandaTanobiTi gamoxSirva gvexmareba qceva vaqciod Caqrobisadmi ufro mdgradi, radgan am SemTxvevaSi Cven vaswavliT moswavles, rom ganaxorcielos pasuxi, magram yovelTvis ar miiRos ganmtkiceba, anu qceva agrZelebs gamovlenas maSinac ki, roca ar mtkicdeba. M magaliTad; Tqven ver miyvebiT yvela samarSrutos, romelsac xels uqnevT, miuxedavad imisa, rom masze sasurveli nomeria. is ar Cerdeba, roca masSi ar aris adgili, magram radgan Tqven CamjdarxarT samarSruto taqsSi wyvetili ganrigiT, Tqven iswavleT, rom daelodoT da xeli dauqnioT Semdegs da sabolood lodini da xelis daqneva sxva samarSruto taqsebisadmi mtkicdeba Tu Tqven miaRwevT warmatebas da erTi mainc gagiCerebT. qeas kvlevebma warmoaCina, rom ganmtkicebis ganrigze organizmebi specifiurad reagireben. amitomac ganmtkicebis uwyveti ganrigi gamoiyeneba maSin, roca adamiani, visTvisac aris es ganrigi Sedgenili, swavlobs axal qcevas anu iTvisebs. wyvetili ganmtkicebis ganrigi gamoiyeneba maSin, roca ukve moxda qcevis aTviseba da sasurvelia am qcevis gaxangrZliveba, anu SenarCuneba drois Semdgom monakveTSi.
dadebiTi ganmamtkiceblebis gamoyeneba
ganmamtkiceblis SerCevisas aucilebelia gaviTvaliswinoT: klientisTvis SevqmnaT ganmamtkicebelTa sasurveli meniu-katalogi, rac warmoadgens savaraudo ganmamtkiceblis nusxas sias. • SerCeuli ganmamtkiceblebi miRwevadi da operatiulia. • TiToeul ganmamatkicebels qcevaze zemoqmedebis Zala-potencia gaaCnia (ganmamtkicebeli specifiuria da konkretul qcevaze aris mimarTuli. • gansazRvreT ganmamtkiceblis tipi da odenoba, raTa Tavidan aiciloT moyirWeba-da imuSaveT winaswar Sedgenili ganmamtkiceblis meniuTi. Carevis ganxorcielebisas dadebiTi ganmatkiceblis gamoyenebisas gaiTvaliswineT Semdegi elementebi: • gamoyaviT samizne qceva, romlis ganmtkicebasac apirebT-gaqvT samizne qcevis werilobiTi gansazRvreba. • moawodeT ganmamtkicebeli, rogorc ki Sesaferisi pasuxi ganxorcieldeba • Tu Tqven materialur ganmamtkiceblebs iyenebT, mniSvnelovania misi Sewyvileba sityvier da socialur ganmamtkiceblebTan, raTa, Semdeg, Semcirebul iqnas materialuri ganmamtkicebeli, sityvieri da socialuri ki SenarCundes. • TandaTan SeamcireT ganmamtkicebelTa racioni, raTa gazardoT qcevis medegoba Caqrobisadmi. • dagegmeT generalizeba; qceva ganamtkiceT sxvadasxva pirobebSi. • dadebiT ganmtkicebaze ifiqreT yovelTvis, magram gaxsovdeT, rom Warbi dadebiTi ganmtkiceba moyirWebadia da SeiZleba dasjadac gadaiqces. • mniSvnelovania Tavidanve gvaxsovdes, rom ganmamtkicebeli muSaobs im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mas aqvs aqtualuri gamaZlierebli efeqti qcevaze. • daazusteT ganmamtkicebelTa tipi da raodenoba, rom airidoT moyirWeba. • gaiTvaliswineT ganmamtkiceblis siaxle, radgan gansakuTrebuloba da gansxvavebuloba maT Rirebulebas zrdis. • gaiTvaliswineT ganmamtkicebelTa mravalferovneba, SeqmeniT arCevanis meniu da airideT moyirWeba. • SeecadeT SearCioT bunebrivi da arsebuli ganmamtkiceblebi, isini saukeTesoa, Tu Tqven maTi gamoyeneba SegiZliT. • Tu Tqven swavlebas iwyebT kvebiTi da materialuri ganmamtkiceblebis gamoyenebiT, darwmundiT, rom Tqven maT awyvilebT aRweriT Seqebasa da socialur ganmtkicebasTan. Tqven Semdeg SegeZlebaT SeamciroT kvebiTi da materialuri ganmamtkiceblebi da qcevis SenarCunebisaTvis gamoiyenoT aRweriTi Seqeba da socialuri ganmtkiceba. • droSi gawereT ganrigis Semcireba, imisTvis, rom CamoayaliboT Caqrobis mimarT mdgradoba. • dagegmeT generalizeba, amisTvis TxoveT sxvebs ganamtkicon qceva, maSin rogorc ki es qceva gamovlindeba. SeecadeT qceva ganamtkicon ramdenime Sesaferis garemoSi, yovelTvis ifiqreT pozitiur ganmtkicebaze.
Sejameba
rodesac cdilobT gazardoT, an SeinarCunoT SerCeuli qceva, gansazRvreT, rom mniSvnelovania Sesaferisi ganmamtkicebeli da Sesaferisi ganrigi. Ppirvel rigSi uwyveti ganmtkicebis ganrigis gamoyeneba aris xelsayreli, radgan is gvexmareba swrafad CamovayaliboT da gavaZlieroT is qceva, romlis ganviTarebasac Cven vuwyobT xels, magram radgan aseTi xerxiT Camoyalibebuli qceva ganmtkicebis Sewyvetisas swrafad qvreba, mniSvnelovania TandaTan SevcvaloT uwyveti ganrigi wyvetiliT, cvladi racioniT an cvladi intervaliT imis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu romeli ganrigi aris Sesaferisi. Ddrois ganmavlobaSi gamoxSireT ganrigi ise, rom gqondeT meti pasuxebi (c.r.) an grZeli intervalebi (c.i.) ganmtkiceblis gamoyenebamde. ganmamtkiceblebis SerCevisas gaxsovdeT, rom mniSvnelovania maTi mravalferovneba (meniu) imisTvis, rom SevamciroT moyirWebis SesaZlebloba an ganmamtkiceblis Zalis dakargva. Bbunebrivad arsebuli da socialuri ganmamtkiceblis gamoyeneba gvexmareba gavzardoT imis albaToba, rom es qceva ganmtkicebuli iqneba sxvadasxva garemoSi. MmaSinac ki, Tu Tqven iwyebT materialuri an kvebiTi ganmamtkiceblis gamoyenebiT, SeawyvileT is aRwerilobiT Seqebasa da socialur ganmtkicebasTan, rac niSnavs, rom Tqven SegiZliaT TandaTan SeamciroT materialuri ganmamtkiceblebi da qcevis SesanarCuneblad gamoiyenoT bunebrivi da socialuri ganmamtkiceblebi.
premakis principi
premakis principi muSaobs im SemTxvevaSi, Tu B qceva ufro xSiria, vidre A, maSin A qcevis gamovlenis gazrda SeiZleba B qceviT. am dros B qceva uSualod unda axldes A qcevis gamovlenas. magaliTad, sabavSvo baRSi bavSvebi bevrs darbian, magram cota xniT sxedan skamze. premakis principis mixedviT SegviZlia gavzardoT skamze jdoma sirbilis saSualebiT; bavSvebi jer sxedan (anxorcieleben A iSviaT qcevas) da Semdeg maT aZleven SesaZleblobas, rom irbinon (Sedegad iReben B qcevis ganxorcielebis SesaZleblobas).
faqtorebi, romlebic axdenen zegavlenas ganmamtkiceblis efeqturobaze
operatiuloba-mniSvnelovania dro qcevis gamovlenasa da ganmamtkiceblis miwodebas Soris. efeqturobis gaumjobesebisTvis ganmamtkicebeli uSualod Tan unda sdevdes qcevis gamovlenas – anu unda iyos operatiuli. deprivacia (mokleba) iwvevs ganmamtkiceblis efeqturobis zrdas. is axdens zemoqmedebas rogorc upirobo, aseve pirobiTi ganmamtkiceblis siZliereze. magaliTad, Tu didi xani vmuSaobT xelfasis gareSe da ar gvaqvs fuli, maSin es ukanaskneli gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens. moyirWeba niSnavs ganmamtkiceblisaTvis Zalis dakargvas. igi aRmocendeba maSin, roca pirovnebam miiRo ganmamtkiceblis didi raodenoba, magaliTad, sufraze gemrieli Wamis Semdeg aRar gvizidavs saWmeli.
axali unarebis swavlebis formebi
instruqciebi
instruqcia warmoadgens gansaxorcielebeli qcevis sityvier aRwerilobas. igi Cveulebriv gamoiyeneba sasurveli qcevis ganxorcielebis win da igulisxmeba, rom warmoadgens ganmasxvavebel stimuls.
miniSneba
miniSneba gamoiyeneba imisTvis, rom gavzardoT samizne qcevis gamovlena Sesaferis dros. miniSneba SeiZleba iyos treneris qceva, agreTve, garemoSi arsebuli sxva damxmare stimulebi.
modelireba
modelireba aris miniSnebis forma, roca treneri axdens samizne qcevis demonstrirebas studentisTvis. modelireba muSaobs saukeTesod instruqciebTan erTad im situaciebSi, roca moswavles aqvs saSualeba ganaxorcielos samizne qcevis repeticia roluri TamaSis gziT.
formireba
formireba aris samizne qcevis Camoyalibebis procesi. formirebaze SeiZleba vilaparakoT maSin, roca pirovneba ar gamoavlens samizne qcevas, xolo Cven gvsurs am qcevis warmoCena. Cven vaxdenT formirebas, xolo is visac vaswavliT axal qcevas iTvisebs am qcevas. formirebis procesi gulisxmobs Tanmimdevrul miaxloebas. Tanmimdevruli miaxloeba aris samizne qcevamde misvlis procesi mcire nabijebis safuZvelze. formireba aris procedura, romelsac viyenebT, roca gvinda pirovnebas vaswavloT axali qceva. Fes gulisxmobs, rom sasurveli qcevis swavleba iwyeba im qcevaze dayrdnobiT, romelsac pirovneba ukve amJRavnebs da romelic garkveulwilad dakavSirebulia am sasurvel qcevasTan. formirebis es Eprocesi mocemul qcevas TandaTan gardaqmnis pasuxad, romelic ufro da ufro uaxlovdeba im saboloo qcevas, romelic Cven gvsurs, rom pirovnebam gamoavlinos. magaliTad; Cven gvinda bavSvs vaswavloT, rom Tqvas deda; is ukve gamoscems “d” bgeras, Semdeg Cven viwyebT “d d d” bgerebis Tanmimdevrobis ganmtkicebas, Semdeg velodebiT manam, sanam bavSvi de bgeras gamoTqvams da amis gameorebas vamtkicebT ramdenjerme. Semdeg Cven velodebiT “da”-s da ramdenjerme vamtkicebT, sabolood Cven velodebiT Sewyvilebas “de” da “da” marcvlebis da Zlierad vamtkicebT mas, gansakuTrebiT ki bavSvis dedis TandaswrebiT. Aaxla bavSvi ambobs dedas. formirebis procesSi Cven ganvamtkicebT mxolod im pasuxebs, romlebic Sesabamisia samizne qcevis CamoyalibebisaTvis. magaliTad; Ddeda-s Tqma, da am dros Cven ignorirebas vuwevT sxva pasuxebs, romlebic deda-sagan gansxvavebulia. M magaliTad; rogoricaa ga-ga. E es procesi warmoadgens diferencialuri ganmtkicebis erT-erT saxes, igi moicavs, erTis mxriv, CvenTvis sasurveli qcevis ganmtkicebas da meores mxriv, arasasurveli qcevebis ignorirebas (ix. ignorireba). roca viyenebT formirebas, sasurvel qcevasTan miaxloebas dro sWirdeba da eyrdnoba SemTxvevas. Aamitomac Cven swavlebis gaumjobesebisTvis SeiZleba mivmarToT miniSnebas (ix. miniSneba). Tu Cven gvinda, rom viswavloT axali unari, rogoricaa manqanis tareba, musikalur instrumentebze dakvra, biliardis TamaSi, Cven vinviTarebT da vaumjobesebT ama Tu im unarebs formirebiT – ganxorcielebis gaumjobesebuli standartebisaken Tanmimdevruli miaxloebis gziT. Fformireba mimdinareobs Semdegi safexurebis ganxorcielebiT; 1. airCieT samizne qceva, is, romelic Tqven gsurT rom pirovnebam formirebis swavlebis bolos Seasrulos, gansazRvreT es qceva gasagebad da zedmiwevniT (magaliTad; BbavSvi mouSvebs onkans, rom daibanos xelebi) da es gansazRvreba CainiSneT Tqvens saswavlo CanawerebSi. 2. gaakeTeT im qcevis amocanis analizi, romelic gindaT rom CamoayaliboT, es gulisxmobs, rom Tqven unda ganaxorcieloT samizne qceva, imisTvis, rom gaigoT, Tu ra aris saWiro misi ganxorcielebisaTvis. Ees gaZlevT saSualebas rom CamoayaliboT Tu rogori tipis miaxloebebi unda gaiTvaliswinoT samizne qcevis Camoyalibebis gegmis Sedgenisas. AamiT Tqven geZlevaT saSualeba, daadginoT, romel qcevebs ganamtkicebT da romeli qcevis ignorireba iqneba umjobesi. Aanu Tqvens mier samizne qcevis ganxorcieleba TqvenTvis gadaiqceva saxelmZRvanelod formirebis proceduris dawyeba-SesrulebisTvis. M magaliTad; Tu Tqven apirebT, rom bavSvs aswavloT onkanis moSveba, Tqven unda miyveT moZraobis Semdeg Tanmimdevrobas: 1.xelis idayvSi moxra; 2.xelis gaSla onkanis mimarTulebiT. 3.onkanis Sexeba 4.onkanze moWideba 5.majis triali onkanis gasaxsnelad. 3. daakvirdiT da airCieT sawyisi qceva - adamianis mier gamovlenili is qceva, romelic Seicavs samizne qcevis raRac elementebs an msgavsebebs samizne qcevasTan. M magaliTad; bavSvs uWiravs gadajvaredinebuli xelebi sxeulTan axlos, es SeiZleba gaxdes sawyisi qceva xelebis dabanis formirebisaTvis. ganaxorcieleT Tqveni dakvirveba erTi dRis an meti drois ganmavlobaSi imisTvis, raTa darwmundeT, rom sawyisi qceva vlindeba uwyvetad da im formiT, rogorc Tqven aRwereT. CawereT am qcevis aRweriloba, rogorc sawyisi qcevis definicia, romlis ganmtkicebasac iwyebT. 4. airCieT Zlieri ganmamtkiceblebi, romlebic ganamtkiceben sawyis qcevas da gazrdian misi gamovlenis sixSires. MniSvnelovania, rom es qceva vlindebodes stabilurad da maRali sixSiriT da moswavle motivirebuli iyos misi ganxorcielebisTvis. Ppatara bavSvebTan SeiZleba kargad imuSaos Seqebisa da saWmlis patara naWrebis Sewyvilebam. 5. ganamtkiceT sawyisi qceva, manam, sanam is xSirad gamovlindeba. es aris erT-erTi saSualeba, romelic zrdis imis albaTobas, rom misi mcireodeni saxecvlileba ufro metad miuaxlovdeba Tqvens samizne qcevas. sawyisi qcevis Camoyalibebis Semdeg misi patara saxesxvaobebis arsebobis pirobebSi Cven ganmamtkicebels vxsniT am sawyisi qcevidan da gadagvaqvs samizne qcevasTan yvelaze metad miaxlovebul saxesxvaobasTan. 6. rodesac sasurveli saxesxvaoba gamovlindeba, Zlierad ganamtkiceT es miaxloeba manam, sanam is kargad ar Camoyalibdeba, AaseTi saxiT Tqven ganamtkicebT samizne qcevasTan miaxlovebebs. Tqven unda darwmundeT, rom TiToeuli miaxloeba SenarCunebulia ganmtkicebiT, manam sanam gadaxvalT Semdegze. GgaxsovdeT, rom qcevis Secvla bevrs moiTxovs im adamianisagan, romelsac Cven vaswavliT da amitomac gavxadeT es miaxloebebi mcire. moiTxoveT Zalian cota pirovnebisagan TiToeul safexurze. 7. mas Semdeg, rac samizne qceva gamovlindeba, gamoiyeneT uwyveti ganmtkiceba, sanam pirovneba SeZlebs mis advilad da mdgradad gamoyenebas. 8. mas Semdeg, rac samizne qcevis irgvliv sixSiris an intensivobis an xangZlivobis Sesaxeb Tqvens mier Segrovebuli monacemebis grafiki warmoaCens, rom miiReT stabiluri da kargi Sedegi, daiwyeT wyvetili ganmtkiceba da TandaTanobiT gamoxSireT ganrigi Sesabamis donemde, SeecadeT darwmundeT, rom arsebobs bunebrivi Sedegebi, romlebic SeinarCunebs axal qcevas. M magaliTad; Seqeba momvlelebisagan an raime sxva mdgradi da pozitiuri cvlilebebi garemoSi, romelic Tan axlavs qcevas - BbavSvi ityvis dedas da dedisgan miiRebs yuradRebas da gaRimebas. 9. GgaxsovdeT, rom formireba Tqvengan moiTxovs miaxlovebebis ganmtkicebas, romlebic warmoadgenen samizne qcevebis mcdelobebs, amitomac nu daelodebiT brwyinvale pasuxs, SeecadeT maqsimalurad gamoiyenoT pasuxebi, romelsac Tqven xedavT da romlebic axlosaa im qcevasTan, romlis ganmtkicebac gindaT. savarjiSo:DaRwereT amocanis analizi cxvirsaxocis gamoyenebiT cxviris mowmendis formirebisaTvis. Seqebis gamoyenebiT SeecadeT Tqveni megobris an ojaxis wevrebis am qcevis formirebas.
amocanis analizi
formirebis mniSvnelovan nawils warmoadgens qcevis winaswari danawileba bijebad, rasac amocanis analizi ewodeba. amocanis analizi gulisxmobs samizne qcevis danawevrebas ufro patara, martiv operaciebad. magaliTad, onkanis moSveba SeiZleba davanawiloT Semdeg bijebad: 1. niJarasTan misvla 2. marjvena xelis aweva 3. am xelis onkanTan mitana 4. onkanisTvis TiTebis mokideba 5. mklavis moZraobiT onkanis gadatrialeba marjvniv 6. onkanis marjvniv gadatrialeba ramdenjerme manam, sanam ar wamova wyali.
qceviTi jaWvi
amocanis analizi warmoadgens qceviTi jaWvis dasayrdens. qceviTi jaWvi gulisxmobs amocanis analizis mixedviT gamoyofili qcevebis erTmaneTTan gadabmas, anu Tanmimdevrul ganxorcielebas. arsebobs pirdapiri jaWvi, roca moswavles raime qcevas vaswavliT am ukanasknelis bunebrivi Tanmimdevrobis mixedviT. zemoT moyvanili magaliTi amis nimuSia. aseve arsebobs Sebrunebuli jaWvi, rodesac samizne qcevas vaswavliT saboloo mdgomareobidan sawyisisken. magaliTad, Cacmis Sebrunebuli qceviTi jaWvia gaxda. Tu gvinda moswavles vaswavloT qurTukis Sekvra, SegviZlia jer daviwyoT gaxsniT. Tu gvinda vaswavloT gaxsna, SegviZlia daviwyoT Sekvridan. pirdapiri da Sebrunebuli jaWvis CamoyalibebisTvis veyrdnobiT amocanis analizs. viniSnavT moswavlis mier qcevis TiToeuli bijis ganxorcielebas da ganvamtkicebT samizne qcevasTan miaxloebis yvela mcdelobas.
jaWvis Camoyalibeba
jaWvis Camoyalibeba moicavs qcevis nawilebis Tanmimdevrobis swavlebas ise, rom es Tanmimdevroba qmnis pasuxTa rTul kompleqts. magaliTad; sapirfareSoSi wasvla moiTxovs qcevaTa jaWvs. es jaWvi SeiZleba ganisazRvros individualuri pasuxebis amocanis analizis ganxorcielebiT da Semdeg maTi swori TanmimdevrobiT CamoyalibebiT. magaliTad; tualetSi wasvlis qceva Sedgeba Semdegi qcevebisagan, romlebic unda iyos erTmaneTze gadabmuli, imisTvis, rom Seqmnan dasrulebuli jaWvi: 1. tualetSi misvla 2.unitazisaken zurgiT Semobruneba 3. Sarvlis an sacvlebis muxlebamde Caweva 4. unitazze dajdoma 5. unitazze mosaqmebis dasruleba 6. tualetis qaRaldiT sisufTavemde gamoxocva 7. gamoyenebuli qaRaldis tualetSi an sanagveSi gadagdeba 8. adgoma 9. unitazisaken saxiT motrialeba 10.Sarvlis da sacvlebis amoweva ise, rom tansacmeli kargad iyos morgebuli 11. tualetis Carecxva 12. xelebis sapniT dabana 13. xelebis gamSraleba. imisaTvis, rom moswavles aswavloT jaWvis ganxorcieleba: 1. daakvirdiT da CaiwereT, SeuZlia Tu ara mas am qcevis romelime komponintis Sesruleba. 2. waiyvaneT bavSvi tualetSi da Semdeg TxoveT, rom TviTon wavides tualetSi, daakvirdiT da CaiwereT qcevebi da im bijebis warmatebuli Sesruleba, romelebsac isini mosinjaven. 3. axla miuniSneT an CamoayalibeT jaWvis TiToeuli komponenti misi Sesabamisi TanmimdevrobiTl, CaiwereT da ganamtkiceT warmatebuli ganxorcieleba an masTan miaxlovebebis mcdelobebi. 4. darwmundiT, rom moswavlem, daxvewa es biji (aqvs kargi ganxorcieleba) manam, sanam gadaxvalT am TanmimdevrobaSi Semdeg safexurze. nu SeecdebiT swrafad gadainacvloT jaWvis SigniT, daasruleT TiToeuli komponenti Tanmimdevrobis Sesatyvisad. 5. moswavlisaTvis Zalian mniSvnelovania iswavlos pasuxTa mTeli jaWvis Sesruleba da maTi Sesabamisi TanmimdevrobiT ganxorcieleba. miawodeT ganmamtkicebeli pasuxTa jaWvSi qcevaTa swori TanmimdevrobiT ganxorcielebisas.
pirdapiri jaWvi
Cvens mier warmodgenili bavSvisaTvis sapirfareSoSi wasvlis swavleba warmoadgens pirdapiri jaWvis ilustracias. pirdapiri jaWvisas swavleba mimdinareobs qcevis ganxorcielebis bunebrivi Tanmimdevrobis mixedviT, rac niSnavs, rom jaWvi iwyeba pirveli komponentiT. magaliTad; unitazTan misvla da grZeldeba bolomde, magaliTad; xelebis gamSraleba im Cveuli Tanmimdevrobis mixedviT, rogorc Cven vaxorcielebT qcevas.
piruku jaWvi
xandaxan adamianisTvis qcevis swavleba ufro advilia daviwyoT jaWvis bolo bijidan da Semdeg TandaTan vaswavloT, rom ganaxorcielos am jaWvis Semadgeneli pasuxebi Tanmimdevrobis mixedviT manam, sanam isini SeZleben mTeli Tanmimdevrobis ganxorcielebas, amas qvia piruku jaWvi. davaskvnaT, rom bavSvs, romelsac vaswavliT tualetis gamoyenebas, aqvs sirTule sacvlebis awevisas, vivaraudoT, rom mas acvia Sarvalic da kolgotic, imisTvis, rom vaswavloT Sesatyvisi qceva, piruku jaWvi Semdegnairad ganxorcieldeba – amocanis analizi gansazRvravs, rom es bijebi Seadgenen jaWvs: 1. muxlTan CaSvebuli sacvali amoiwios welamde 2. kolgoti amoiwios welamde. es nabijebi aseTi TanmimdevrobiT iswavleba: 1. sacvlebis da kolgotebis muxlamde Caweva da Semdeg bavSvis mixmareba (sityvieri an fizikuri miniSneba), rom man amoiwios sacvlebi welze cota qveviT. 2. mianiSneT bavSvs (sityvierad), rom man aiwios sacvali welamde, gamoyeneT fizikuri miniSneba, Tu saWiro iqneba. ganamtkiceT (SeaqeT) warmatebuli mcdeloba. 3. gaimeoreT meore biji kolgotebiT, ganamtkiceT warmatebuli Sesruleba. 4. CauwieT sacvlebi muxlamde da miexmareT bavSvs TeZomde atanaSi. fizikurad mianiSneT bavSvs, rom sacvlebi miitanos welamde. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi gamoyeneT fizikuri miniSneba, ganamtkiceT warmatebuli Sesruleba. 5. gaimeoreT meoTxe biji kolgotebTan erTad da ganamtkiceT warmatebuli Sesruleba. 6. CawieT sacvali da kolgoti muxlamde da sityvierad mianiSneT bavSvs, rom amoiwios, daakvirdiT da CaiwereT warmatebis SemTxveva, ganamtkiceT warmatebuli an TiTqmis warmatebuli mcdelobebi. 7. gaimeoreT meeqvse biji da diferencialurad ganamtkiceT manam, sanam bavSvi daxelovndeba (maRali donis Sesruleba, yvela tansacmeli mowesrigebulia). SeamcireT darCenili daxmareba. 8. mosinjeT damoukidebeli Sesruleba da ganamtkiceT warmateba. piruku jaWvis gamoiyeneba iseTi praqtikuli unarebis swavlebisaTvis, rogoricaa Cacma, kveba, dalageba, loginis mowesrigeba, romlebic aris rTuli qcevebi da Sesdgeba mravali bijisagan.g gaiTvaliswineT; uknidan TandaTanobiT muSaoba aadvilebs moswavlisaTvis swori pasuxis ganxorcielebas, romlebic SeiZleba iyos ganmtkicebuli. miniSneba da daxmarebis Semcireba aris saswavlo programis nawili imisTvis, rom gavzardoT damoukidebloba--yoveli warmatebuli miaxlovebebisa da warmatebuli Sesrulebis ganmtkiceba mniSvnelovania kargi swavlebisaTvis. orive, pirdapiri da piruku jaWvis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi niSvnelovania, rom es ganxorcieldes amocanis analiziT da Caweril iqnes moswavlis Sesruleba swavlebis procesSi. darwmundiT, rom amtkicebT warmatebul Sesrulebas da mosinjavT (amowmebT) generalizebisaTvis. SeniSvna: Tu Tqveni moswavle raime mizezis gamo ver axerxebs warmatebiT winsvlas jaWvis Semadgenel bijebSi, romelic Tqven SeurCieT amocanis analizisas, gadasinjeT is bijebi, romelzec Seferxda an aqvs sirTuleebi. es aris imisTvis, rom gaarkvioT am etapze saWiroa Tu ara bijebis ufro patarad danawevreba. amocanis gamartiveba xels Seuwyobs daswavlas. savarjiSo: dawereT amocanis analizi pirdapiri jaWvisaTvis, rom aswavloT bavSvs Tmebis SampuniT gasapna. dawereT piruku jaWvi imisTvis, rom igive bavSvs aswavloT kbilebis gaxexva, sTxoveT Tqvens megobars an ojaxis wevrs, rom miyves Tqvens jaWvs da Seamowmos is.
rogor gamoviyenoT qcevis formireba?
formirebis proceduris gamoyeneba xdeba maSin, roca Careva moiazrebs samizne qcevis Camoyalibebas. es aris erT-erTi procedura imisTvis, rom moxdes im qcevis Camoyalibeba, romelic amJamad ar vlindeba. formirebis swori warmarTvisTvis unda gaviaroT Semdegi safexurebi: 1. ganvsazRvroT samizne qceva. gansazRvreba dagvexmarebiT davadginoT saidan da rodis daviwyoT formirebis programa. 2. ganvsazRvroT warmoadgens Tu ara formireba Carevis Sesabamis strategias. magaliTad, Tu pirovnebas es samizne qceva ukve ganuxorcielebia da axlac anxorcielebs, magram iSviaTad. am SemTxvevaSi swori iqneba diferencialuri ganmtkicebis gamoyeneba. formireba gamosadegaria maSin, roca saqme gvaqvs axali qcevis aTvisebasTan. axali qcevis aTvisebisas SeiZleba gamoviyenoT sxva strategiebic. magaliTad, miTiTeba, modelireba da instruqciebis micema. formirebas mivmarTavT maSin, roca am strategiebis gamoyeneba SeuZlebelia. 3. ganvsazRvroT sawyisi qceva. sawyisi qceva aris qceva, romelic miaxloebulia samizne qcevasTan da mas pirovneba anxorcielebs, Tundac, iSviaTad. sawyisi qceva gamoiyeneba imisTvis, rom moxdes masze Semdgomi qcevebis `daSeneba~. 4. avirCioT formirebis bijebi. formirebisas pirovnebam unda aiTvisos wina biji, momdevno bijze gadasvlamde. TiToeuli biji TandaTanobiT gvaaxloebs samizne qcevasTan, magram unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom bijebs Soris sxvaoba ar unda iyos Zalian didi. Cveulebriv, upiratesobas aniWeben saSualo sirTulis sxvaobas bijebs Soris. mcire sirTulis SemTxvevaSi samizne qcevisken progresi nelia da iRebs Zaldatanebis saxes. ar arsebobs raime kanoni bijebis SerCevisa. Cven unda daveyrdnoT Cvens codnas, arsebul realobas da SevecadoT SevinarCunoT moswavlis interesi. 5. avirCioT ganmamtkiceblebi formirebis procesisTvis. mwrTvnelma ganmamtkicebeli unda miawodos sasurveli qcevis gamovlenisTanave. 6. gamoviyenoT diferencialuri ganmtkiceba yoveli Tanmimdevruli miaxloebisas. viwyebT sawyisi qcevidan da vamtkicebT mas sanam igi ar Camoyalibdeba. misi Camoyalibebis Semdeg gadavdivarT momdevno bijze da vamtkicebT ukve am bijs. ase mivyvebiT Tanmimdevrulad TiToeul bijs. Semdgom bijze gadavdivarT mas Semdeg rac wina biji aTvisebuli da gamyarebulia. Semdgom bijze gadasvlisas vwyvetT wina bijis ganmtkicebas. 7. SevarCioT siCqare, romliTac gadavalT erTi bijidan meoreze. unda gvaxsovdes, rom wina qceva aris yoveli momdevno qcevis dasayrdeni. gaviTvaliswinoT agreTve, rom wina bijis zedmetad gamyareba xels SegviSlis Semdgomze gadasvlaSi, radgan pirovnebam SesaZloa ganagrZos im qcevis gamovlena. amavdroulad, gasaTvaliswinebelia is, rom pirovneba kargad unda flobdes wina safexurs momdevno bijze gadasvlamde.
damxmare strategiebi qceviTi jaWvis CamoyalibebaSi
werilobiTi amocanis analizi
werilobiTi amocanis analizi exmareba mkiTxvels qceviTi jaWvis TiToeuli etapis Tanmimdevrul ganxorcielebaSi. amis magaliTia instruqciebi, romlebic axlavs eleqtro mowyobilobebs da dakavSirebulia maT awyobasTan. imisTvis, rom eleqtro mowyobiloba moviyvanoT samuSao mdgomareobaSi, saWiroa TiToeuli safexuri SevasruloT mocemuli TanmimdevrobiT.
suraTebiT mimniSneblebi
suraTebis mimniSneblebad gamoyeneba exmareba aRsazrdels TvalnaTliv dainaxos, Tu ra safexurebi unda ganaxorcielos amocanis SesrulebisTvis. amis magaliTia xelgarjilobis wignebi bavSvebisTvis, sadac fotoebi detalurad gadmogvcems sasurvel produqtamde misvlis safexurebs. suraTebiT mimniSneblebi farToda gamoiyeneba unarmoklebul bavSvebTan da mozrdilebTan. am suraTebis gamoyeneba moiTxovs winaswar swavlebas.
TviTinstruqcia
es aris strategia, romelic gamoiyeneba imisTvis, rom pirovnebam SeZlos sakuTari sityvieri mimniSneblebis gamoyeneba sasurveli qcevis warmatebiT ganxorcielebisTvis. misi gamoyenebisas pirovneba Tavis Tavs xmamaRla eubneba, rom CaerTos qcevaTa swor TanmimdevrobaSi. Tu gavixsenebT sakuTar Tavs rTuli an axali amocanis Sesrulebisas, gagvaxsendeba, rom Cvenc gamogviyenebia msgavsi strategia. magaliTad, pirvelad vacxob namcxvars. Cems Tavs veubnebi xmamaRla: fqvili, Saqari, kvercxi, karaqi kargad avurio.
Tavi meSvide
miniSneba da daxmarebis Semcireba
I. miniSneba da daxmarebis Semcireba II. daxmarebis Semcireba III. qcevis damoukideblad ganxorcilebis mosinjva IV. axali unarebis swavleba – sad unda daviwyoT V. saswavlo programis ganxorcielebisas gasaTvaliswinebeli principebi
miniSneba da daxmarebis Semcireba
miniSneba aris daxmarebis forma, romelic exmareba moswavles, ganaxorcielos swori pasuxi da Sesabamisad ufro swrafad miiRos ganmamtkicebeli. miniSneba gvexmareba SevamciroT dro, romelic saWiroa axali pasuxis miRebisaTvis, maSin, roca Cven vaxorcielebT formirebas. arsebobs xuTi tipis miniSneba, romelsac Cven viyenebT axali pasuxis swavlebisas: 1. sityvieri – warmoTqmuli instruqciebi, magaliTad; ”Semomxede me”. ”xeli mokide onkans”. 2. karnaxi – bunebrivi Jestebi, magaliTad; miTiTeba, sagnis mimarTulebiT gaxedva. 3. fizikuri – moswavlis warmarTva Tqveni xelebis saSualebiT. magaliTad; Tqveni xeli gikidiaT mis xelze da TefSidan kovziT saWmeli migaqvT mis pirTan. 4. nimuSi – moswavlisaTvis arsebobs modelis suraTi, rom man mibaZos. magaliTad; Cais gasakeTeblad saWiro nivTebis foto, asos didi nimuSi, romelsac moswavlem unda miadevnos Tvali an xeli. imisTvis, rom nimuSi ufro TvalnaTeli gaxdes, is unda iyos Cveulebrivze didi an sxva feris, gansxvavebiT im sagnebisagan, romelsac Cven Cveulebriv viyenebT swavlebisas. 5. modeli _ modelireba – gulisxmobs moswavlisaTvis sasurveli pasuxis Cvenebas da misi mxridan amis gameorebas. es moicavs verbalur miniSnebasac – “miyure”, romelsac Tan axlavs Tqveni mxridan pasuxis demonstrireba da Semdeg moswavlisaTvis instruqcia – “axla es Sen gaakeTe”
rogor da rodis unda gamoviyenoT miniSneba?
1. SeafaseT Tqveni moswavlis mimdinare Sesrulebis done da gadawyviteT rogori daxmareba esaWiroeba mas, rom Seasrulos TiToeuli biji. mosalodnelia, rom Zalian unarSezRudul moswales dasWirdes yvelaze meti miniSneba, magaliTad; imisTvis, rom gaxsnaT onkani, Tqvens moswavles SeiZleba dasWirdes, rom Tqven mokidoT xeli mis xels da ise gadaatrialoT onkanis saxeluri, rom man iswavlos gaxsnasTan dakavSirebuli majis triali. 2. gansazRvreT rogori daxmareba (miniSnebis saxiT) esaWiroeba mas, rom ganaxorcielos pasuxi. 3. yovelTvis gamoiyeneT sityvieri miniSnebebi sxva tipis miniSnebebTan erTad, Tu muSaobT bavSvTan, romelsac esmis. es maT aCvevT miniSnebebis mosmenas da instruqciebis Sesrulebas. 4. ganamtkiceT TandaTanobiTi Sesruleba, miuxedavad imisa, rom Tqven gamoiyeneT miniSneba. SeaqeT Tqveni bavSvi, magaliTad; “ai daTo, Sen mouSvi onkani, Sexede wyals, rogor modis, es Zalian kargia” 5. CaiwereT Tqvens monacemTa furcelze, rogori tipis miniSneba gamoiyeneT TiToeuli mcdelobisas. miniSneba SeiZleba iyos Cawerili aseTi kodebis gamoyenebiT: s–sruli fizikuri miniSneba (yvela moZraoba xorcieldeba Tqveni daxmarebiT). n–nawilobrivi fizikuri miniSneba (Tqven exmarebiT zogierTi moZraobis SesrulebaSi). p–pirdapiri sityvieri miniSneba (eubnebiT bavSvs, ra unda gaakeTos). a–arapirdapiri sityvieri miniSneba (ekiTxebiT bavSvs – ra unda gaakeTo Semdeg?). k–karnaxi (xeliT Cveneba an Jestikulacia). m–pasuxis modelireba. nim–nimuSi, romelsac vawvdiT bavSvs. d–bavSvis damoukidebeli pasuxi. SeniSvna: Zalian mniSvnelovania, rom CainiSnoT ra saxis daxmarebebs iyenebT, radgan Tqveni Canaweri asaxavs, ramdeni miniSneba iyo saWiro da rodis Seicvala saWiro miniSnebebis done. damoukidebeli pasuxebis Cawera (maSin roca Tqven ar gWirdebaT miniSnebis gamoyeneba) Tqvens CanawerebSi warmoaCens im moments, roca moswavle iwyebs Sesrulebas miniSnebebis gareSe.
daxmarebis Semcireba
daxmarebis Semcireba aris miniSnebis Semcireba an moxsna. imisTvis, rom CamovayaliboT damoukidebeli qceva, mniSvnelovania SevamciroT Cveni miniSnebebi, ise rom, studentma iswavlos pasuxebis ganxorcieleba daxmarebis gareSe. moswavleebi SeiZleba gaxdnen miniSnebaze damokidebuli da xandaxan daelodon miniSnebas, miuxedavad imisa, rom SeuZliaT ganaxorcielon davaleba daxmarebis gareSe. roca damoukideblad ganxorcieleba miRweulia mimarTeT diferencialur ganmtkicebas moswavleebis mxridan efeqtur dasrulebisa, imisaTvis, rom aRmovfxvraT msgavsi molodini. daxmarebis Semcirebisas ixelmZRvaneleT Semdegi principebiT: ➢ SeamcireT sityvieri miniSneba am miniSnebaSi sityvebis raodenobism gamoklebiT; ➢ SeamcireT sityvieri miniSneba ise, rom dabal xmaze ilaparakeT da miniSneba daemsgavsos CurCuls; ➢ fizikuri miniSnebis Semcirebisas TandaTanobiT moakeliT Sexeba an miniSnebuli moZraobebis raodenoba. ➢ SeamcireT fizikuri miniSnebebi Tqveni xelis zewolis TandaTanobiTi SemcirebiT. ➢ SeamcireT fizikuri miniSneba Sexebis adgilis SecvliT, magaliTad; Tqveni xeli moswavlis majidan gadaanacvleT winamxarze da Semdeg idayvze. ➢ SeamcireT karnaxi Jestebis zomis SemcirebiT. SeamcireT nimuSi imiTi, rom mas gadaaqcevT naklebad TvalsaCinod an SesamCnevad, magaliTad; SeamcireT asos zoma. ➢ uwyveti xazebidan gadadiT wyvetilze. TandaTan gaasqeleT qaRaldi, romlis qvemoT moTavsebulia Semosaxazi nimuSi, SeamcireT modelirebuli pasuxebi sityvier miniSnebebze gadasvliT da Semdeg SeamcireT isinic. SeniSvna 1: ganagrZeT TandaTanobiTi Sesrulebis ganmtkiceba miniSnebis SemcirebasTan erTad. magaliTad; “Tamuna yoCaR, ra kargad dawere, me Zalian momwons is, rom Sen TandaTan axerxeb damoukideblad weras, yoCaR!”. mosinjeT miniSnebebis gareSe imisTvis, rom SeamowmoT damoukideblad Sesrulebis gamovlena. ganamtkiceT nebismieri miaxloebuli damoukidebeli mcdeloba. SeniSvna 2. Tu Tqveni moswavle raime mizezis gamo miniSnebis Semcirebisas ver axerxebs warmatebiT winsvlas im bijebiT, romelic Tqven SeurCieT amocanis analizisas, gadasinjeT is bijebi, romelzec Seferxdnen an aqvT sirTuleebi. es aris imisTvis, rom gaarkvioT am etapze saWiroa Tu ara bijebis ufro patarad danawevreba an Tqven Zalian Cqara xom ar ganaxorcieleT daxmarebis Semcireba. amocanis gamartiveba an imaSi darwmuneba, rom is kargad aris daswavlili, damoukideblad Sesrulebis gamovlenis saSualebas iZleva. savarjiSo: Tmis varcxnisTvis dawereT amocanis analizi, dagegmeT ra miniSnebebs gamoiyenebT da Semdeg rogor SeamcirebT maT imisTvis, rom pirovnebas Tmis varcxna aswavloT. SeecadeT es patara bavSvs aswavloT.
qcevis damoukideblad ganxorcilebis mosinjva
saswavlo programis mizania, rom moswavle iyos axal qcevaSi Sesatyvisad daxelovnebuli da SeZlos misi damoukideblad ganxorcieleba da generalizeba. saswavlo programis efeqturobis dadgenisaTvis dakvirvebisa da Caweris mniSvnelovan nawils warmoadgens warmatebuli Sesrulebis sinji, rogorc programis msvlelobisas aseve misi dasrulebis Semdeg. sinji aris qceviTi SekiTxva. sinjis ganxorcielebisas Cven vakvirdebiT, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles ganaxorcielos pasuxi an qcevaTa erToblioba. Cven vekiTxebiT, SegiZlia gaakeTo es? • Tu Cven sinjs viRebT qcevis swavlebamde, Cven vekiTxebiT –SegeZlo amis gakeTeba aqamde? • roca Cven viRebT sinjs swavlebis programis msvlelobisas, Cven vekiTxebiT, SegiZlia amis gakeTeba ukve? • roca viRebT sinjs, mas Semdeg rac vaswavleT qceva, vekiTxebiT – isev SegiZlia amis gakeTeba? Tu Cven sinjs viRebT, rom gavarkvioT, xdeba Tu ara qcevis gadatana sxva dros, adgilas da adamianebTan, Cven vekiTxebiT, SegiZlia isev amis gakeTeba? miuxedavad imisa, rom misi ganxorcielebis pirobebi gansxvavebulia saswavlo garemosagan (avtori madlobas uxdis profesor donald m. bears sinjebis am analizisaTvis). sinjebi swavlebis dawyebamde warmoadgens safuZvlis Canawerebs (ix. qcevis Cawera da grafikebis ageba). safuZveli aris moswavlis Sesrulebis done swavlebis dawyebamde. sinjebi swavlebisas gvexmareba SevamowmoT moswavlis winsvla. isini asaxaven ramdenad kargad SevZeliT axali qcevis Camoyalibeba da kidev ra unda vaswavloT moswavles. sinjebi axali qcevis swavlebis Semdeg gvaCvenebs ramdenad kargad iyo am programis swavleba warmarTuli da arsebobs Tu ara damatebiTi treningis saWiroeba. generalizebis- gadatanis sinjebi gvexmareba gavarkvioT vlindeba Tu ara qceva saWiroebis Sesabamisad sxva garemoSi da ramdenad kargad. aseTi xerxiT, Cven SegviZlia SevamowmoT swavlebis gagrZelebis saWiroeba. sinjis mniSvneloba aris is, rom Cven aqtiurad vcdilobT aRmovaCinoT da CaviniSnoT, ramdenad efeqturia Cveni saswavlo programa. Tu Cven aRmovaCenT, rom is warmatebulia, mniSvnelovania, davrwmundeT, rom qceva vlindeba da mtkicdeba (xandaxan mainc) iq da im dros, roca is aucilebelia moswavlis damoukideblad cxovrebis warmatebulobisaTvis. sinji gulisxmobs ubralod dakvirvebas da Caweras moswavlis mier samizne qcevis Sesrulebis gansakuTrebuli miniSnebebis da procedurebis gareSe, romlebic dakavSirebulia saswavlo programasTan. darwmundiT, rom Tqven axorcielebT sinjebs swavlebamde, swavlebis dros da swavlebis Semdeg, imisTvis, rom SeamowmoT ramdenad kargad aswavleT axali qceva da arsebobs Tu ara damatebiTi swavlebis saWiroeba.
Aaxali unarebis swavleba – sad unda daviwyoT
manam, sanam axali qcevis swavlebas daviwyebT, mniSvnelovania, rom gavarkvioT, bavSvs ra unarebi aqvs, romelebsac SegviZlia daveyrdnoT. amavdroulad, unda gavarkvioT Tu arsebobs raime qceva Tu deficiti, rac zemoqmedebas moaxdens saswavlo procesze. amisaTvis aucilebelia sistematuri dakvirveba-Cawera da aseve sinjis gakeTeba (ix. Aaxali unarebis swavleba 4 – damoukideblad ganxorcielebis sinjis aReba). sinji gulisxmobs imis garkvevas, Tu mocemuli unaris ra komponentebi arsebobs ukve da ramdenad kargad aris isini warmodgenili. xandaxan Cven pirvel rigSi gvesaWiroeba sawyisi unarebis swavleba. sawyisi unarebi aris unarebi, romlebic mniSvnelovania nebismieri axali qcevis asaTviseblad. magaliTad; TvalebiT kontaqtis damyareba da SenarCuneba maswavlebelTan aris mniSvnelovani sawyisi unari mxedveli adamianisaTvis (smenadaqveiTebulebisTvis esaa Sexeba da mosmena), radgan swavlebis formebis umravlesoba gulisxmobs moswavlis mier Tvalyuris midevnebis unaris demonstracias, Sexedos suraTebs an sagnebs da yuradReba miaqcios maswavlebels; TvalebiT kontaqti aris mniSvnelovani unari, romelic moswavles sWirdeba. Tu moswavle ar axorcielebs TvalebiT kontaqts, dasawysSi mas unda vaswavloT amis gakeTeba. meTodebi, romelsac viyenebT sawyisi unarebis swavlebisas, aris formireba, miniSneba da Semcireba. Tavdapirvelad velodebiT xanmokle TvalebiT kontaqts da maSinve vukeTebT dadebiT ganmtkicebas, an viyenebT miniSnebas - moswavlis Tavs viWerT ise, rom Semogvxedos TvalebSi da am qcevas vumtkicebT, Semdeg vaxdendenT ufro da ufro xangrZlivi TvalebiT kontaqtis formirebas manam, sanam TvalebiT kontaqtis xangrzlivoba ar gaizrdeba 5 – 10 wamamde. meore Zalian mniSvnelovani mosamzadebeli unari aris yuradRebis Camoyalibeba; formireba, miniSneba da Semcireba aseve aris meTodebi, romlebic gamoiyeneba imisTvis, rom gavzardoT moswavlis yuradReba swavlebisas da amocanis Sesrulebis dros. gaxsovdeT, rom davalebebi, romlebic mravalferovani da saxalisoa, ufro metad aintereseben Tqvens moswavles. Tqveni Mmecadineobebi ar unda iyos Zalian xangrZlivi da aqtivobaTa Secvlisa da dasvenebebis dagegmvisas unda gaiTvaliswinoT da TandaTan gazardoT moswavlis interesi. zogjer sawyisi unarebis Camoyalibeba rTuldeba im sirTuleebis gamo, romelebic unda gamoarkvioT da moagvaroT. MmagaliTad: zogierT bavSvs ar SeuZlia daiwyos Wama damoukideblad, radgan maT ar hyofniT natifi motoruli koordinaciis unari imisTvis, rom xelSi daiWiron kovzi an Cangali. Aes problema SeiZleba gadavWraT kovzis (an Canglis) saxelurze plastikatis CamocmiT, rac mas xdis ufro mosaxerxebels. A analogiurad, TuU patara Rilebis Sekvra sirTules warmoadgens, Cven SegviZlia gamoviyenoT didi zomis Rilebi an gavzardoT saRile an gamoviyenoT fxriwebiani Sesakravebi. Tu Tqven ver aRwevT warmatebas axali unarebis swavlebisas, scadeT gaanalizoT, ra unda gaakeToT, SeiZleba Tqven cdilobT, rom Zalian swrafad miaRwioT warmatebas, aseT SemTxvevaSi, sanam win waxvalT tempi SeaneleT da gansazRvreT ukve arsebuli unarebi. SeiZleba Tqven gWirdebaT, rom davalebebi dayoT ufro martiv safexurebad; SeiZleba Tqven dagWirdeT axali gzis povna imisTvis, rom Tqvenma moswavlem warmatebas miaRwios an SeiZleba Tqven ubralod ufro efeqturi ganmamtkicebeli unda gamoiyenoT. DdaakvirdiT, ras geubnebaT Tqveni Canawerebi, romelsac yoveldRiurad gamoxatavT grafikze. Zalian xSirad, moswavlis warumatebloba SeiZleba iyos maswavleblis meTodologiis da ara moswavlis uunarobis Sedegi. iyaviT SemoqmedebiTi, momTmenni, sistemetiurni da mecnierulni. yvelafer amasTan erTad iyaviT qcevis kargi analitikosi.
saswavlo programis ganxorcielebisas gasaTvaliswinebeli principebi
1. adamianebi, romlebic ganviTarebaSi Seferxebis mqone pirovnebasTan urTierToben, yovelTvis da yvelaferSi arian maswavleblebi. 2. dasawyisSi daisaxeT patara mizani: ise, rom Tqvenc da bavSvic waxalisdeT miRebuli SedegiT. miiReT siamovneba win gadadgmuli patara nabijebisgan. 3. moemzadeT rTuli samuSaosaTvis. 4. daicaviT sakuTari Tavi gadawva-gadaRlisgan. SeecadeT bavSvis saswavlo miznebze orientirebul adaminebTa jgufis Seqmnas. 5. amuSaveT bavSvi imaze, rac Tavad surs. mianiWeT mas pasuxismgebloba. 6. SeecadeT ar SegeSindeT da Tavi damnaSaved ar igrZnoT bavSvis emociuri afeTqebebis, Caketilobisa da neli winsvlis gamo. 7. daiwyeT pirvel rigSi imiT, rac yvelaze advili SesamCnevi da advili mosawesrigebelia, magaliTad, bavSvis garegnobiT (ras gaakeTebT imisTvis, rom Tqvenma aRsazrdelebma miiRon Cveulebrivi, misi Tanatoli moswavlis msgavsi ier-saxe).
Tavi merve
pasuxis albaTobis gamovlenis Semcirebis procedurebi
I. pasuxis albaTobis gamovlenis Semcireba II. dasja III. dadebiTi dasja IV. uaryofiTi dasja V. araTavsebadi qcevis diferencialuri ganmtkiceba adg VI. Caqroba (dagegmili ignorireba) VII. dasjis gamoyenebis wesebi VIII. zekoreqcia IX. zekoreqciis gamoyenebis wesebi
pasuxis albaTobis gamovlenis Semcireba
Pmovlenebi, romlebic amcirebs pasuxis gamovlenis albaTobas, moicavs dasjasa da Caqrobas. Ddasja SeiZleba gulisxmobdes iseTi pirobebis damatebas, romlebic amcirebs pasuxis gamovlenis albaTobas, rogoricaa, magaliTad; “ara”-s xmamaRla Tqma samizne qcevis gamovlenisas. Aan SeiZleba gulisxmobdes ganmamtkiceblis moxsnas, imisTvis rom moxdes pasuxis gamovlenis albaTobis Semcireba, magliTad; saWmlis aReba bavSvidan, romelic am saWmels iatakze yris. Aaxali qcevis swavlisas dasja ar aris efeqturi, radgan is mxolod aswavlis bavSvs, ra ar unda gaakeTos, is aseve aiZulebs adamians, romelic iyenebs dasjas, aversiuli ganmasxvavebeli stimulis damatebas, ris Sedegadac Tqveni moswavle Seecdeba, rom Tavi agaridoT an gageqceT miaxloebisas, rac Zalian cudia swavlebisaTvis. Cven gvWirdeba rom vaswavloT moswavles, Tu ra gaakeTos, amitomac mniSvnelovania gamoviyenoT dadebiTi ganmtkiceba, maSin, roca es SesaZlebelia. Aarasdros gamoiyenoT dasja bavSvebTan, gansakuTrebiT maTTan, vinc cxovrobs bavSvTa saxlebSi an aqvT unarSezRuduloba, radgan am bavSvebs gamocdilebaSi xSirad hqoniaT Zlieri Zaladoba dasjis saxiT. axla maT esaWiroebaT hqondeT iseTi saswavlo garemo, romelic mdidaria waxalisebiT da ganmamtkiceblebiT. Caqroba moicavs ganmamtkiceblebis miwodebis SeCerebas. qcevebi, romlebic aRar mtkicdebian, TandaTanobiT wyveten gamovlenas im garemoSi, sadac ar mtkicdebian. roca qceva manamde iyo ganmtkicebuli da Cven vwyetT ganmamtkiceblebis miwodebas, sabolood Caqrobis Camoyalibebamde sam qceviT efeqtTan gvaqvs saqme. P 1. pasuxis sixSire garkveuli drois ganmavlobaSi izrdeba. 2. pasuxis intensivoba garkveuli drois ganmavlobaSi izrdeba 3. pasuxebis mravalferovneba garkveuli drois ganmavlobaSi izrdeba (is sxvadasxva saxiT SeiZleba gamovlindes). Caqrobis gamoyenebisas yuradReba unda mivaqcioT am sam efeqts. Zalian xSirad maT SecdomiT miiCneven intervenciis araefeqturobad, sinamdvileSi ki isini mis efeqturobas asaxaven. Tu am SemTxvevaSi ganmamtkicebels davabrunebT ukan, maSin Casaqrobi qcevis ufro eqstremaluri formebi SeiZleba gamovlindes da ganmtkicdes, es ki imis sapirispiroa, rac Cven gvinda rom moxdes. M magaliTad; Tqven gsurT, rom gaaCeroT samarSruto taqsi da Tqvens mier Cveulebrivi xelis daqneva ver ipyrobs mZRolis yuradRebas, TqvenTvis sasurveli nomeri Caivlis da ar gagiCerebT, Sedegad Tqven SeecdebiT ufro metad gadaabijoT trotuars da ufro Cqara da Zlierad dauqnioT xeli. xelis qnevasTan erTad SeiZleba daiwyoT xtunva da yvirili. Tu es ar imuSavebs Tqven SeiZleba xeli CaiqnioT da CajdeT taqsSi. Ees niSnavs, rom am dros Tqveni samarSruto taqsis gaCerebis qceva Caqvra. ra Tqma unda, taqsi ufro Zviri jdeba, vidre samarSruto, rac aris ganmamtkicebeli imisa, rom kvlavac gaaCeroT samarSruto taqsi. Mmeore dRes Tu Tqven axlad naswavli gadaWarbebuli xelis qneviT gaaCerebT samarSrutos, maSin es qceva gaagrZelebs gamovlenas da Tqvens garSemo myofi adamianebi gaognebulebi iqnebian imis gamo, Tu risTvis gWirdebaT samarSrutos gasaCereblad mimarTuli es gadaWarbebuli Jestikulacia. Caqroba ar amcirebs qcevas swrafad, magram Zalian gvexmareba misi gamoyeneba qgas pozitiur ganmtkicebasTan erTad, es imiT aris ganpirobebuli, rom igi moswavles exmareba iswavlos iseTi qcevebis ganxorcieleba, romelsac miyavs is ganmamtkiceblamde da Seamciros is qcevebi, romlebic rCeba ganumtkicebeli (Caqrobisas). cneba - diferencialuri ganmtkiceba (dg) – aRniSnavs dadebiTi ganmtkicebisa (im qcevebze mimarTuli, romelTa gazrdac gvsurs) da Caqrobis (im qcevebze mimarTuli, romelTa Semcirebac gvsurs) erTobliobas. Cveulebriv qga-Si Cven viyenebT araTavsebadi qcevis diferencialur ganmtkicebas (adg), imisTvis, rom SevcvaloT qceva dadebiTi ganmtkicebisa da Caqrobis kombinaciis gamoyenebiT.
dasja
dasja aris procesi, roca: 1. samizne qcevis gamovlenas 2. uSualod Tan axlavs Sedegi 3. ris Sedegadac qceva sustdeba anu mcirdeba misi gamovlenis albaToba. magaliTad, qeTim RobeSi gahyo xeli da ZaRlma ukbina. axla nakleb savaraudoa, rom igi kvlav gahyofs RobeSi xels- anu Cven vvaraudobT, rom ZaRlis kbena qeTisaTvis warmoadgens arasasurvel Sedegs, romlis acilebasac igi Seecdeba. damsjeli aris Sedegi, romelic amcirebs momavalSi samizne qcevis gamovlenas. qeTis magaliTSi damsjeli aris ZaRlis kbena.
dadebiTi dasja
dadebiTi dasja aris raime arasasiamovnos damateba. igulisxmeba, rom am dros, garkveulwilad, `vtkenT~ bavSvs. zogierTi bavSvisTvis `ara~-s Tqma ukve sakmarisia imisTvis, rom man Sewyvitos imis keTeba, rac Cven ar gvsurs, zogierTi bavSvisTvis ki sityvieri SeniSvna ar muSaobs. aseT SemTxvevebSi SeiZleba aRmoCndes, rom Cven vuyviriT bavSvs, rac arasasiamovnoa da xels gviSlis misadmi gamovxatoT Tbili grZnobebi. aseTi `SekamaTeba~ SeiZleba gadaizardos CxubSi. Semdeg jerze Tqven ufro da ufro magrad urtyamT, bavSvi ufro da ufro jiutdeba. dasjisas SevecadoT viyoT SemoqmedebiTni da movifiqroT naklebad dramatuli meTodebi. magaliTad, zogierT bavSvs ar moswons fizikuri varjiSebi, sirbili, azidvebi, buqnebi. Cven SegviZlia aseTi aqtivobebi davakavSiroT arasasurvel qcevasTan. Cven unda gvaxsovdes, rom fizikuri dasja aris araSesatyvisi da rig qveynebSi warmoadgens aralegalur qmedebas. Tumca, rogorc maswavleblebs, Cven xSirad gvWirdeba viyoT mkacrebi, rac rig SemTxvevebSi gulisxmobs dasjis gamoyenebasac. * gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom dadebiTi dasjis gamoyeneba zrdis moswavlis SfoTvas. dadebiTi dasja aris procesi, roca: 1. samizne qcevis gamovlenas 2. Tan axlavs uSualo Sedegi, romelic gulisxmobs arasasiamovno stimulis damatebas. 3. ris Sedegadac qceva sustdeba anu mcirdeba misi gamovlenis albaToba. magaliTad, roca me vWam saWmels da ulufidan gamovarCev xaxvebs. deda mtkivneulad mCqmets.
uaryofiTi dasja
uaryofiTi dasja niSnavs raime sasiamovnos mocilebas. saklaso oTaxSi es SeiZleba iyos saTamaSo kuTxidan gamoyvana; kuTxeSi dayeneba; aseT moqmedebas uwodeben `taim auts~, radgan es procedura gulisxmobs bavSvis droebiT `gamoyvanas~ (vacilebT)v sasurveli adgilidan, Tu aqtivobidan. gvaxsovdes, rom `taim auti~ ar unda grZeldebodes 5 wuTze met xans. skolaSi swavlebisas bavSvebi ZiriTad dros atareben maswavleblebTan saswavlo situaciaSi, anu am dros mas unda hqondes maqsimaluri SesaZlebloba gaecnos raRac axals da ar iyos maswaleblis mier "moSorebuli" . gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom `taim autis~ gamoyeneba Cveulebriv dakavSirebulia mozrdil adaminTan danaSaulis SegrZnebasTan. uaryofiTi dasja aris procesi, roca: 1. samizne qcevis gamovlenas 2. Tan axlavs uSualo Sedegi, romelic gulisxmobs ganmamtkicebeli stimulis moxsnas. 3. ris Sedegadac qceva sustdeba anu mcirdeba misi gamovlenis albaToba. magaliTad, me vWam saWmels da ulufidan gamovarCev xaxvebs. deda iRebs da miaqvs mTeli ulufa.
araTavsebadi qcevis diferencialuri ganmtkiceba adg
diferencialuri ganmtkiceba gulisxmobs dadebiTi ganmtkicebisa da Caqrobis erTdroul gamoyenebas. am dros xdeba sasurveli qcevis dadebiTi ganmtkiceba, xolo arasasurvelis Caqroba. magaliTad, roca bavSvi mSieria da kedels urtyams Tavs. diferencialuri ganmtkicebis gamoyenebisas me ar vaqcev yuradRebas bavSvis kedelze Tavis mirtymas; samagierod, rogorc ki igi ityvis `mSia~, mimyavs da vkvebav. diferencialur ganmtkicebas meorenairad dagegmil ignorirebas uwodeben (ignorireba anu yuradRebis ar miqceva).
G anviTarebis darRvevebis mqone pirebTan muSaobisas aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac Cven gvsurs im qcevebis sixSiris, intensivobis an xangrZlivobis Semcireba, romlebic xels uSlis an amcirebs Cveni klientisadmi ojaxisa Tu sazogadoebis mimReblobas. Aadg proceduraSi aris im qcevaTa diferencialuri ganmtkiceba, romelic ar aris Tavsebadi samizne qcevasTan. AaraTavsebadi niSnavs, rom is qceva, romlis diferencialuri ganmtkiceba xdeba, konkurencias uwevs im qcevas, romlis Semcirebac Cven gvsurs. MmagaliTad: Rimilic da saubaric warmoadgens araTavsebads kbenasa da Cumad yofnasTan. Cven gvsurs, rom ganvamtkicoT da gavzardoT gaRimebisa da saubris gamovlena, amave dros SevamciroT kbena da Cumad yofna. adg aerTianebs ganmtkicebas da Caqrobas (araTavsebadi qceva qcevebis ganmtkicebas da samizne qcevis arganmtkicebas). adg moicavs Semdeg safexurebs: 1) samizne qcevis dakvirveba da Cawera, imisaTvis, rom es samizne qceva zustad iyos gansazRvruli da rom gavarkvioT misi winapiroba da Sedegi. 2) CaviweroT safuZvlis sinjebi, imisaTvis, rom ganvsazRvroT, rodis, sad da visTan aRmocendeba qceva, aseve misi sixSire, xangrZlivoba da intensivoba. 3) unda gamovyoT da ganvsazRvroT is qceva, romelic araTavsebadia samizne qcevasTan. M 4) mas Semdeg, rac naxavT, rom garfikze safuZvlis monacemebi stabiluria, daiwyeT araTavsebadi qcevis sistematuri da Zlieri ganmtkiceba da moaxdineT samizne qcevis ignorireba. 5) ganamtkiceT arasasurveli qceva maRal donemde 6) dagegmeT generalizeba adamianebis adgilis da drois mixedviT. gamoiyeneT bunebrivi ganmamtkiceblebi, rom SeinarCunoT araTavsebadi qcevis maRali done. SeniSvna: problemuri qcevis Semcirebas esaWiroeba dro da moTmineba. imisaTvis, rom xeli SevuwyoT kargi Sedegebis gamovlinebas, SeecadeT, rom yvela adamiani, visTanac dakavSirebulia Tqveni klienti (mSobeli, kolega, TanamSromeli) icavs araTavsebad qcevaze yuradRebis gamaxvilebis wess da ignorirebas uwevs samizne qcevas. GgaxsovdeT, rom Caqrobis erTerTi Sedegia samizne qcevis Tavdapirveli gazrda intensivobis, sixSiris an gamravalferovnebis mixedviT, amis gamo SeiZleba, rom adamianebma gadawyviton, TiTqos es aris programis Sedegi, da rom problema uaresdeba da ar umjobesdeba. Tqven unda miexmaroT maT gaiaron es etapi.
Caqroba (dagegmili ignorireba)
Caqroba aris bazisuri procesi, romelic axdens qcevaze zemoqmedebas. Caqroba mimdinareobs roca: 1. samizne qceva manamde iyo ganpirobebuli 2. magram axla mas Tan aRar sdevs ganmamtkicebeli Sedegi. 3. ris gamoc es qceva wyvets gamovlenas momavalSi. magaliTad, lovazis da simonsis eqsperimentis Tanaxmad bavSvis kedelze Tavis rtymevis qceva ganmtkicebuli iyo mozrdilebis yuradRebiT. Tavis rtymevis raodenoba 1 sT-Si Seadgenda 2500. yuradRebis moxsnis Semdeg es qceva 0-mde Semcirda. yuradRebis moxsna aris Caqrobis magaliTi. Caqroba (dagegmili ignorireba) gamoiyeneba adg-sTan erTad, an SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos damoukideblad, im qcevebis Sesamcireblad, rogoricaa sxvaTa dazianeba. magaliTad; Kkbena an agresiuli Setevebi. M magram es Zalian frTxilad da eTikurad unda iqnas gamoyenebuli, rom aviridoT Zaladoba. termini – dagegmili ignorireba gamoiyeneba Caqrobis sanacvlod imisTvis, rom mSoblebs da momvlelebs gavuadviloT proceduris gageba. roca es meTodi gamoiyeneba, bavSvi rCeba Cveul garemoSi, magram aranairi ganmtkiceba ar xorcieldeba, roca samizne qceva an qcevebi vlindeba. magaliTad; Tu bavSvis mier xorcieldeba Seteva, an igi ziandeba, gadaarCineT es bavSvi da dauTmeT aucilebeli yuradReba da zrunva, magram am dros samizne qcevas gauwieT ignorireba. msgavsad amisa, Tu raime ziandeba, nazad da mSvidad gaiyvaneT bavSvi sxva oTaxSi an oTaxis usafrTxo adgilas. Aam dros ar dauTmoT yuradReba samizne qcevas da nu gaakeTebT komentarebs. daelodeT araTavsebadi qcevis gamovlenas. ganamtkiceT es qceva gamovlenidan sul cota 5 wamis Semdeg. Ddagegmili ignorireba moicavs Caqrobas. am dros mniSvnelovania klientis qcevis meTvalyureoba da mimdinare cvlilebebis Cawera, imisTvis, rom davrwmundeT, rom samizne qceva eqvemdebareba kontrols. gaxsovdeT, roca Caqroba iwyebs zemoqmedebas, amas SeiZleba mohyves qcevis sixSiris, intensivobis da mravalferovnebis zrda, ris Sedegadac adamianebma ifiqron, rom es programa ar muSaobs. momzadebuli iyaviT am SedegebisaTvis da darwmundiT, rom es qcevebi ar iqneba ganmtkicebuli. gaxsovdeT, Zalian bevri moTminebaa saWiro, rom gauZloT xelis SemSlel da Semawuxebel qcevas, amitomac aris umjobesi dagegmili ignorirebis gamoyeneba adg–programasTan erTad araTavsebadi sasurveli qcevis pozitiurad ganmtkicebiT. dagegmili ignorirebis gamoyenebisas: 1. bavSvi SemCneulia, rom axorcielebs samizne qcevas. 2. xdeba bavSvis ignorireba, Tu bavSvi azianebs sxva adamianebs an nivTebs, maSinve da wynarad gaiyvaneT bavSvi im adgilas, sadac bavSvi amas ver gaakeTebs, magram mis qcevas yuradReba ar miaqcioT.
1. sanam samizne qceva grZeldeba, bavSvs vuwevT ignorirebas.
2. mas Semdeg, rac samizne qceva Sewyda, 5-10 wamis Semdeg araTavsebadi an alternatiuli qceva pozitiurad mtkicdeba.
3. dagegmili ignorireba gamoyenebuli unda iqnas, roca bavSvi aris araTavsebadi an alternatiuli qcevis ganmtkicebisaTvis mdidar garemoSi. Sesaferisi qcevis ganmtkiceba warmoadgens yvelaze Zlier gzas qcevis Secvlisa. SeniSvna: Tqveni klientis uflebebTan mimarTebaSi eTikuri principebi gvkarnaxobs problematuri qcevis Semcirebaze muSaobisas yvelaze efeqturi da naklebad damazianebeli intervenciis formebis gamoyenebas. swored amitomac mizanSewonilia dagegmili ignorirebis frTxili gamoyeneba da ar gTavazobT am mizniT dasjis an sxva aversiuli procedurebis dagegmvas. savarjiSo: ivarjiSeT Tqvens kolegaze dagegmili ignorirebis gamoyenebaSi roca Semawuxebeli qceva vlindeba. masTan GganixileT dagegmili ignorirebis eTikuri sakiTxebi da gaarkvieT ra unda gaakeToT imisTvis, rom es procedura eTikurad an usafrTxod ganaxorcieloT saSiSi da potenciurad damazianebeli qcevebis SemTxvevaSi.
dasjis gamoyenebis wesebi
Cveulebriv, dadebiTi Tu uaryofiTi dasjis gamoyeneba badebs SekiTxvebs. raTa, rom davrwmundeT aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi sworad viyenebT Tu ara dasjas. gaviTvaliswinoT Semdegi wesebi:
1. mkacri disciplinirebis formebi, rogoricaa `taim auti~ da arasasiamovno stimulis damateba, muSaobs im SemTxvevaSi, Tu maTi Sedegi maSinve xdeba TvalnaTlivi. Cveulebriv es xdeba myisierad erT wuTSi an amas SeiZleba maqsimum erTi dRe dasWirdes.
2. Cven aucileblad vawarmoebT Canawerebs rom davrwmundeT dasjis efeqturobaSi, arasasurveli qcevis Semcireba xom erTad-erTi gamarTlebaa am proceduris gamoyenebisaTvis.
3. dasjis odenoba – siZliere ganisazRvreba bavSvis qceviT da misi am qcevaze zemoqmedebis unariT. Tu susti dasja muSaobs, SemovifarglebiT mxolod amiT.
4. `taim autis~ dro umjobesia iyos 5 wuTi, magram unda gvaxsovdes, rom bavSvs `vaSorebT~ sasiamovno stimuls manam, sanam igi bolomde ar dawynardeba. dawynarebis Sedegad misTvis sasiamovno stimulis dabruneba xels Seuwyobs mSvidad, wynarad yofnis gamtkicebas.
5. Cartyma-amocxebisas unda ganvsazRvroT is Zala, romliTac vurtyamT xels. am dros bavSvma unda SeigrZnos misi zemoqmedeba, magram ar unda daSavdes. winaswar mosinjeT Tqveni dartymis siZliere megobrebze.
6. dasjis gamoyenebisas sTxoveT `mesame pirs~ mogceT ukukavSiri mis odenobasa da msvlelobaze
7. dasja ar aris Cveni emociuri mdgomareobis mixedviT miRebuli gadawyvetileba. dasja aris disciplinirebis procedura, roca Cveni amocanaa arasasurveli qcevis Semcireba.
zekoreqcia
dasjis erT-erT saxeobas warmoadgens zekoreqcia. es procedura maRalefeqturia da mas ar aqvs dasjis negatiuri maxasiaTeblebi. SemogTavazebT ramdenime ilustracias.
• bavSvi rZis smisas rZes iatakze Rvris. zekoreqciis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi Cven mas movawmendinebT samzareulos iataks mas Semdeg, rac igi daRvris rZes. SegviZlia es procedura ufro metad gavarTuloT da bavSvs vatarebinoT rZe, misi daqcevis SemTxvevaSi ki ufro sufTad movawmendinoT iataki
• bavSvma garTobisTvis CafuSa mezoblis avtomobilis saburavebi. zekoreqciis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi bavSvi mTel Tavisufal dros atarebs xelis `nasosiT~ mezoblis saburavebis dabervaSi. am proceduraSi xazi esmeva imas, rom arasasurveli qcevis gamovlenis Sedegad, am qcevis ganmaxorcielebels uxdeba raime usiamovnos keTeba. zekoreqciis gamoyenebisas SegviZlia gamoviyenoT `anazRaureba~. • bavSvi xevs wignis furclebs. Sedegad me mas vawebebineb ara mxolod mis mier amoglejil furclebs, aramed sxva furclebsac. • bavSvi irgvliv yris kubebs. me mas vawesrigebineb ara mxolod mis mier dayril nivTebs, aramed sxva sagnebsac. • arsebobs zekoreqciis pozitiuri koreqciis procedurac. • bavSvi wers kedlebze. amis Sedegad mas vsvamT da vawerinebT furclebze. • bavSvi afuWebs wignebs – mas vakiTxebT wignebs. • gabrazebisas bavSvi aqeT-iqiT isvris nivTebs – Cven mas vaswavliT grZnobebis Sesaferis gamomJRavnebas.
zekoreqciis gamoyenebis wesebi
1. koreqciis procedura garkveuli logikiT dakavSirebuli unda iyos arasasurvel qcevasTan. bavSvi afurTxebs iatakze – bavSvi wmends iataks. bavSvi amoxevs furcels – bavSvi awebebs furcels. 2. zekoreqciis gamoyeneba xdeba uSualod, arasasurveli qcevis Semdeg. 3. zekoreqcia warmoadgens dasjis formas. amitomac SeecadeT ar gamoxatoT bavSvis mimarT siTbo; am procesis dros ar misceT Wamis da megobrebis garemocvaSi yofnis saSualeba. 4. zekoreqciis proceduraSi CarTuli unda iyos mxolod is piri, romelmac ganaxorciela arasasurveli qceva. es procesi ar gadaaqcioT TamaSad da ar CarioT sxvebi misaxmareblad. 5. arasasurveli qcevis Sedegad `darRveuli garemo~ zekoreqciis Sedegad unda aRsdges. 6. Tu bavSvi ar gvTanxmdeba zekoreqciis proceduris Sesrulebaze nebayoflobiT, maSin Cven mas vaiZulebT am qcevis ganxorcielebas. 7. zekoreqciis procedura SeiZleba grZeldebodes 20 wuTze didxans da saerTod imden xans, ramdenic saWiroa, rom garemo davubrunoT sawyis mdgomareobas. 8. aucileblad unda moxdes arasasurveli qcevis alternativis swavleba. 9. unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom zekoreqciis proceduris gamoyeneba moiTxovs did dros. es dro ki akldeba saswavlo process. 10. zekoreqciis ganxorcieleba xSirad gulisxmobs Cveni mxridan fizikur zewolas, gansakuTrebiT, roca gvinda bavSvi davimorCiloT da mas gavakeTebinoT arasasurveli qcevis `gamomsworebeli~ qceva. 11. zekoreqcia warmoadgens arasasurveli qcevis Semcirebis proceduras da ar aris instrumenti bavSvTan angariSsworebisTvis. `Sen dRes gakveTilze cudad iqceodi, amitom me Sen saklaso oTaxs dagaxvetineb~.
Tavi mecxre
generalizeba
I. generalizebis ganmarteba II. generalizebis formebi III. Ggeneralizebis dagegmva
gadatana _ generalizeba
namdvili damoukidebloba gulisxmobs erT situaciaSi naswavli qcevis Sesaferis da marjve gamoyenebas sxvadasxva situaciebSi saWiroebisda mixedviT. moswavlisaTvis kiTxvis swavleba skolaSi naklebad Rirebuli iqneba, Tu moswavle mxolod saklaso oTaxSi kiTxulobs. kiTxva Zalian gamosadegari unaria, Tu xdeba misi gadatana ise, rom Cven SegveZlios wigni wavikiTxoT avtobusSi, wavikiTxoT quCis mimniSneblebi, produqtebis SeZenisas wavikiTxoT informacia maTze, SevasruloT kolofze dawerili miTiTebebi da SegveZlos leqsikonis gamoyeneba sityvis mosaZebnad.
generalizebis ganmarteba
generalizacia ar warmoadgens swavlebis avtomatur Sedegs. (naxeT sToukis da bearis statia: “avarjiSeT da imedovnebdeT”). Sesabamisad, roca Cven vaswavliT qcevas, Cven unda davgegmoT misi gadatana. magaliTad; Tu me minda vaswavlo Temuris ferebis dasaxeleba, me minda rom man sworad daasaxelos ferebi suraTze, aseve kubikebis, fanqrebis, saRebavebis, Salis an avejis ferebi. me minda, rom Temurim SeZlos, sadac ar unda iyos, da vinc ar unda uTxras, moitanos wiTeli sagani da ara sxva feris. gadatanis swavleba gulisxmobs moswavlisaTvis Sesabamisi pirobebis uzrunvelyofas, rom Sesatyvis stimulTa arsebobis dros man ganaxorcielos swori pasuxebi; sxva adgilebSi, maswavleblisagan gansxvavebuli adamianebis TandaswrebiT da sxvadasxva dros.
generalizebis formebi
erTi gza, rom vuzrunvelyoT gadatana, aris sakmarisi magaliTebiT swavleba (ix. stouks da beari). rac gulisxmobs Semdegs:
1) maRal doneze aswavleT unari, rogoricaa feris dasaxeleba kubikebis gamoyenebiT, ganmamtkiceblis meSveobiT.
2) generalizebis sinjisTvis gamoiyeneT sxvadasxva sagnebi (feradi kubikebis magivrad gadadiT mZivebze). da naxeT moxda Tu ara unaris gadatana.
3) Tu generalizeba ar moxda, gaagrZeleT feris dasaxelebis swavleba orive saganze, kubikebsa da mZivebze sanam ar miaRwevT karg Sesrulebas ganmamtkiceblis gamoyenebiT.
4) generalizebis sinjisTvis gamoiyeneT axali sagnebi, magaliTad; feradi saTamaSo manqanebi.
5) Tu aq aris mcire, an saerTod ar aris generalizeba, aswavleT feris dasaxeleba samive sagnisaTvis, manam, sanam sizustis maRal dones ar miaRwevT.
6) generalizebis sinjisTvis gamoiyeneT axali sagnebi, magaliTad; feradi Zafebi.
7) gaagrZeleT manam, sanam miiRebT swor generalizebul pasuxs nebismieri daswavlili sagnis mosinjvisas, mosinjeT saswavlo garemos gareT, sTxoveT sxva adamianebs, rom mosinjon. gamoiyeneT wyvetili ganmtkiceba imisTvis, rom gaamyaroT swavleba axal garemoSi, axal sagnebTan da sxvadasxva adamianebTan.
generalizebis miRwevisTvis kidev erTi gamosayenebeli teqnika aris nacnobi-Cveuli stimulis daprogrameba (ix stouki, speari 1977). am teqnikis gamoyenebiT Tqven cdilobT, rom Sesaferisi stimuli saswavlo garemodan iyos warmodgenili gadasatan pirobebSi, sadac asrulebs generalizebisTvis miniSnebis rols. magaliTad; Tqven aswavliT beqas, rom Tmebi daivarcxnos saabazanoSi da Tqven gindaT, rom man Tma daivarcxnos diliT, roca adgeba. swavlebis Semdeg Tqven SegiZliaT savarcxeli dautovoT beqas saZinebelSi sarkeze da mosinjoT, daivarcxnis Tu ara is Tmas. sarke da savarcxeli warmoadgens Cveul stimuls Tmebis varcxnisaTvis. mieciT beqas savarcxeli, rom jibiT ataros da mosinjeT Tu gamoiyenebs is maSin, roca sarkes dainaxavs, ganamtkiceT SemTxvevebi, roca SeamCnevT generalizebas. Tqven SegiZliaT aswavloT generalizeba sistematuri miniSnebisa da ganmtkicebis gamoyenebiT. am dros mniSvnelovania aseve, aswavloT kolegebs da momvlelebs, rogor Seaqon adapturi an Sesaferisi qceva, roca isini SeamCneven mas da isini CarToT generalizebis uzrunvelyofaSi. stouki da beari (1977) upiratesobas aniWeben bunebrivad SemanarCunebel movlenebs generalizaciisaTvis. isini gvirCeven, rom vifiqroT mocemuli qcevis bunebriv Sedegebze, romelic xels uwyobs mis generalizebas. magaliTad; Tu beqas kargad aqvs Tmebi davarcxnili adamianebi mas etyvian sasiamovno qaTinaurebs da etyvian, beqa, “naxe ra kargad gamoiyurebi davarcxnili TmiT”, es aris bunebrivi garemoeba, romelic xels Seuwyobs beqas mier Tmebis davarcxnis generalizebas, nebismieri qcevis swavlebisas ZiriTadi aris saswavlo programaSi generalizebis dagegmva da misi sinjebis gakeTeba. SeniSvna: aranair Rirebulebas ar warmoadgens im qcevaTa swavleba, romelic ar aRmocendeba saswavlo garemos gareT. ubralod warmoidgineT, ramdenad cudad SeZlebdiT sazogadoebaSi funqcionirebas, rom arasodes wagekiTxaT an dageTvalaT skolis farglebs gareT. Tqveni moswavle miaRwevs damoukideblobas, romelic saWiroa gadarCenisaTvis, is gaxdeba ojaxis da sazogadoebis miRebuli wevri, Tu Tqven ise aswavliT, rom naswavlis generalizeba misTvis garantirebuli iqneba.
Ggeneralizebis dagegmva
Ggeneralizebis dagegmvisas gaiTvaliswineT Semdegi elementebi:
1. moiZieT pasuxi, romelic jdeba bunebriv sazogadoebaSi, gansakuTrebiT aswavleT subieqts miuniSnon Tavis potenciur, bunebriv sazogadoebas sasurveli qcevis ganmtkiceba.
2. SeecadeT aswavloT bevri nimuSi da gansakuTrebiT gaamravalferovneT isini.
3. SeamcireT eqsperimentuli kontroli treningSi monawile stimulebsa da pasuxebze, gansakuTrebiT aswavleT sxvadasxva magaliTebi erTdroulad, SecvaleT instruqciebi, ganmasxvavebeli stimulebi, socialuri ganmamtkicebeli da damxmare ganmamtkiceblebi. G
4. gaxadeT bundovani treningis pirobebis SezRuduloba, gansakuTrebiT Tu SesaZlebelia dafareT is momenti, roca es pirobebi wyvets muSaobas, mag. imiTi, rom daigvianebT ganmtkicebas.
5. gamoiyeneT iseTi stimulebi, romlebic SeiZleba arsebobdes rogorc generalizebis, aseve sawrTvnel pirobebSi, gansakuTrebiT gamoiyeneT Tanatolebi, rogorc maswavlebelebi,
6. ganamtkiceT zusti TviTangariSi sasurveli qcevis irgvliv, mimarTeT TviTCawerisa da TviTganmtkicebis teqnikebs maSin, roca es SesaZlebelia.
4. roca generalizeba aRmocendeba, ganamtkiceT zogierTi maTgani, an Tundac zogjer imisTvis, rom moxdes maTi operantuli pasuxebis klasSi gaerTianeba.
savarjiSo: waikiTxeT bearis da stoukis statia da CamoTvaleT generalizebis 9 procedura da miuTiTeT maTi magaliTebi. ifiqreT gzebze, romliTac SeZlebT am teqnikebis gamoyenebas swavlebisas.
Tavi meaTe
eTikuri sakiTxebi praqtikaSi
I. Pprofesiuli eTika II. klientis an moswavlis uflebebi III. informirebuli Tanxmoba IV. zrunvis pasuxismgebloba V. konfidencialobis ufleba
Pprofesiuli eTika
rogorc kargi profesionalebi, daemorCileT muSaobis eTikur standartebs. fsiqologoba, maswavlebloba, socialur muSakoba, momvleloba Tqven gayenebT Zalauflebis mdgomareobaSi da ganiWebT privilegias, radgan Tqven gaqvT profesiuli codna da avtoriteti da flobT pirad informacias Tqveni klientisa da maTi ojaxebis Sesaxeb. im adamianebis sasikeTod, romlebmac daxmarebisaTvis mogmarTes, unda SeecadoT, rom Tqveni codna da unarebi frTxilad da sworad gamoiyenoT.
klientis an moswavlis uflebebi
gansakuTrebuli saWiroebis an unarmoklebulobis sferoSi muSaobisas, Tqveni pirveli pasuxismgeblobaa, rom gjerodeT maTi uflebisa; rom isini sazogadoebaSi iRebdnen srul da Sesaferis monawileobas. amavdroulad SegeZloT maTi uflebebis dacva da yovelTvis Tqveni qmedebebiT pativs scemdeT am uflebas. es Tqvengan moiTxovs, rom gamoiyenoT codna da unarebi maTi saukeTeso interesebis gasatareblad da gasaumjobesebas. im SemTxvevaSi Tu Tqven gTxoven gaakeToT is, rac maT ar moswonT an eSiniaT, an Tqven gjeraT, rom es iqneba maTTvis damazianebeli an maT saukeTeso interesebTan konfliqtSia, maSin, rogorc maTi uflebebis advokatas, Tqven SegiZliaT uari TqvaT amis gakeTebaze. aqve igulisxmeba, rom maT aqvT seqsualobis, normaluri adamianuri grZnobebisa da urTierTobis ufleba. klients an moswavles aqvs ufleba, rom miiRos naklebad damazianebeli da yvelaze efeqturi daxmareba, rac niSnavs, rom Tqven ar unda gamoiyenoT is procedurebi, romlebic pirdapir zians moutanen, an eqnebaT damazianebeli gverdiTi movlenebi, an romlebic araefeqturia an ar warmoadgens mecnierul Rirebulebas, rodesac mas iyeneben mocemuli pirisaTvis misi kulturuli an SesaZleblobis Taviseburebidan gamomdinare. es aseve gulisxmobs, rom maT mimarT ar unda ganxorcieldes procedurebi, romelic zRudavs maT gadaadgilebas an komunikacias, maT sazogadoebaSi monawileobis srul uflebas an cxovrebisagan siamovnebis miRebas. Tqvens klients aqvs ufleba gaiaros Sefaseba an daxmareba mas Semdeg, rac misgan moipovebT Tanxmobas. Tqven roca klientis saukeTeso interesebidan gamomdinare gjeraT, rom unda moxdes misi qcevis Secvla, unda iswavlos axali unari an mniSvnelovanwilad Secvalos misi cxovrebis stili, Tqveni profesiuli pasuxismgeblobaa moipovoT misgan Tanxmoba.
informirebuli Tanxmoba
informirebuli Tanxmoba niSnavs, rom ramdenadac SesaZlebelia, klientebs atyobineben (Sesatyvisi komunikaciuri xerxebiT) Tu ra igegmeba maTTvis, ra miznebia dasaxuli da ra Sedegebi iqneba. maT aseve acnobeben nebismieri usiamovno an zianis momtani Sedegis Sesaxeb. amis Semdeg maT aqvT Tavisufali arCevani ganagrZon Tu ara, an manam, sanam miiReben gadawyvetilebas, mimarTon damoukidebel konsultirebas. informirebuli Tanxmobs mopovebisas Tu klients SeuZlia wera, xeli moawerineT Tanxmobis formaze. Tu Tqven ver miaRwieT maTi mxridan informirebul Tanxmobas, radgan isini arian Zalian axalgazrdebi an unarmoklebulebi amisaTvis, Tqveni pasuxismdeblobaa, rom moipovoT werilobiTi Tanxmoba maTi mSoblebisagan an im pirebisagan, romlebic iuridiulad pasuxs ageben maT keTildReobaze. Ees werilobiT unda iyos maTgan mopovebuli da unda inaxebodes klientis monacemebTan erTad Tqveni usafrTxoebisaTvis. gaxsovdeT, rom organizacia, romelSic Tqven muSaobT an saministro an nebismieri saagento, romelic gTxovT informacias klientis Sesaxeb avtomaturad ver iRebs uflebas am informaciis gacnobisa Tu ar arsebobs klientis mxridan informirebuli Tanxoba. miuxedavad imisa, rom isini SeiZleba gixdidnen fuls, es ar niSnavs, rom isini arian Tqveni klientebi.
konfidencialobis ufleba
Tqvens klients aqvs konfidencialobis ufleba, rac niSnavs, rom klientidan kvlevis, Sefasebis, daxmarebis gawevisas an swavlebis procesSi mopovebuli informacia ar unda iqnas gaziarebuli sxva adamianebisaTvis, Tu ar arsebobs klientis mxridan informirebuli Tanxmoba amis Sesaxeb. werilobiTi Tanxmobis mopovebisas mniSvnelovania, rom klientma icodes, Tu visTvis iqneba informacia gaziarebuli, ra mizniT da raSi SeiZleba iyos is gamoyenebuli. Tu maT SeuZliaT, xeli moawerineT informirebuli Tanxmobis formaze. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Tqveni klienti Tanxmobis mocemisaTvis Zalian axalgazrdaa an unarmoklebulia, werilobiTi formiT moipoveT igi mSoblisagan an iuridiuli meurvisagan, klients aqvs ufleba SeinarCunos konfidencialoba SemTxvevis, konferenciis an kvlevis gamocemisas, radgan igulisxmeba, rom Tqven daicavT maT anonimurobas da ar gamoiyenebT maT saxelebs, Tu raime maidentificirebel informacias. SeinaxeT Canawerebi da dokumentebi konfidencialurad da gareSe pirebs gauziareT specifiuri informacia, romelzec gaqvT mopovebuli werilobiTi Tanxmoba. Aar gasceT informacia, rogoricaa Canawerebi, testirebis Sedegebi im pirovnebebze, romelTac ara aqvT sakmarisi kvalifikacia imisTvis, rom es monacemebi gaaanalizon an maTi interpretacia moaxdinon. Tu klienti gawvdiT informacias, rac mkacrad miuniSnebs, rom isini imyofebian sxvebis mxridan dazianebis an TviTdazienebis safrTxis qveS an Tavad warmoadgenen sxvebisTvis safrTxes, Tqven gaqvT zrunvis pasuxismgebloba.
zrunvis pasuxismgebloba
zrunvis pasuxismgebloba niSnavs, rom Tu isini ar gaZleven Tanxmobas konfidencialobis darRvevaze, usafrTxoebasTan dakavSirebuli Tqveni eWvi unda amcnoT Sesabamis avtoritetebs (mSobels, meurves, direqtors, policias) imisaTvis, rom airidoT raime zianis miyeneba. Tu Tqven mimarTavT zrunvis pasuxismgeblobis qmedebas, CaiwereT Tqveni eWvebis safuZveli da is qmedebebi, rasac axorcielebT. Tqvens klients aqvs maRali donis profesiuli momsaxureobis ufleba. Tqveni pasuxismgeblobaa, gamoiyenoT procedurebi, romlebis aq aris aRwerili Tu Tqven xarT srulad da Sesabamisad gawvrTnili sxva profesionalis mier. kidev meti, Tqveni pasuxismgeblobaa awarmooT zusti Canawerebi gamoyenebuli procedurebis irgvliv profesiuli, mecnieruli kuTxiT, romelic moicavs qga –sa da kacobriobis saukeTeso interesebiT qmedebas. maRali donis profesiuli momsaxureobis ganxorcielebisaTvis, Tqveni pasuxismgeblobaa profesiuli unarebisa da codnis gaRrmaveba-SenarCuneba kiTxviT, kursebze daswrebiT, konferenciaze da “vorkSopebSi” monawileobiT, amavdroulad kvlevebis ganxorcielebiT. damatebiT Tqveni pasuxismgeblobaa, rom gqondeT profesiuli supervizia erTi an ramdenime piris mxridan, romlebsac aqvT Tqveni an ufro meti kvalifikacia. Tqveni supervizori unda muSaobdes msgavs klientebTan da qondes Sesabamisi codna da unarebi, rom Tqven miiRoT jansaRi rCeva –darigebebi. Tqven unda SexvdeT supervizors, sul cota, or kviraSi erTxel, raTa Tavisuflad da konfidencialurad ganixiloT Tqveni namuSevari, profesiuri an piradi Civilebi, romelic zemoqmedebas axedens Tqvens muSaobaze. mas gauziaroT profsiuli codna da unarebi. Tqven es mogcemT damatebiT dacvasa da SesaZleblobas, rom iswavloT da profesiulad ganviTardeT. klients aqvs ufleba pativiscemisa da Rirsebis. rogorc profesionalma, Tqven yovelTvis unda gaiTvaliswinoT Tqveni klientis Rirseba da mniSvneloba im procedurebSi, romelsac Tqven iyenebT. Tu Tqven aswavliT Cacmas, dabans, tualetis gamoyenebas, pativi eciT mis piradul mxares da Rirsebas. Mmag: saWiroebis gareSe nu moaxdenT maTi genitaliebis da sxeulis nawilebis sxvebisaTvis demonstrirebas. mieciT saSualeba, rom TviTon moiwesrigon Tavi, Tumca SeiZleba Tqven dagWirdeT maTi xelebis fizikuri miniSnebebiT warmarTva. gamoiyeneT Sirmebi, fardebi da darwmundiT, rom yovelTvis arsebobs meore adamiani, romelic dagicavT Tqven seqsualuri Zaladobis an uwesobis eWvebisagan. Tqvens klientebs aqvT ufleba, daculi iyvnen eqspluataciisagan, rac niSnavs, rom isini sxva profesionalebis mier ar unda iqnen gamoyenebuli piradi mogebisaTvis, fulisaTvis, seqsisaTvis, materialuri mogebis an momsaxureobisaTvis. profesionalebi valdebulni arian ar moaxdinon TavianTi klientebis eqspluatacia da daicvan isini sxvaTa eqspluataciisagan. profesionalebs ara aqvT TavianT klientebTan aranairi formiT seqsualuri urTierTobs damyarebis ufleba. Tu Tqven gaigebT Tqveni klientis mimarT uflebebis darRvevis Sesaxeb profesionalis, TanamSromlis an mSoblis mxridan, Tqven pirvel rigSi unda SeiqmnaT zusti warmodgena braldebis Sesaxeb da vin monawileobs masSi. moipoveT informirebuli Tanxmoba Tqveni klientisagan, rom ganacxadoT Zaladobis SemTxveva, mxolod maSin, Tu Tqveni klienti Tanaxmaa, Tqven SegiZliaT ganacxadoT es Sesabamis avtoritetTan. Tu Tqveni klienti uars ambobs Tanxmobis mocemaze da Tqven ar iciT ra moimoqmedoT, ganixileT es Tqvens supervizorTan an sxva profesionalTan, romelic erkveva uflebebSi da visac Tqven endobiT. CaiwereT yvela Zaladobis SemTxveva, romelsac Tqven waawydebiT da masze Tqveni sapasuxo qmedebebi imisaTvis, rom daicvaT Tqveni interesebi. Tqveni, rogorc profesionalebis, movaleobaa SeinarCunoT maRali donis praqtika, unarebi da codna, bevri imuSaveT amaze da Tqven damsaxurebulad moipovebT klientebis da sxva profesionalebis pativiscemas. savarjiSo 1: ganixileT klientis uflebebis CamonaTvali kolegasTan erTad. imsjeleT, rogor SeiZleba gamoiyenoT isini Tqvens samuSaoSi. savarjiSo 2:KkolegasTan erTad ganixileT, ra SeiZleba moimoqmedoT Semdeg situaciabSi: a) Tqven ewvieT bavSvTa saxls da xedavT, rom oTaxis kuTxeSi bavSvi mibmulia skamze. iqauri TanamSromeli geubnebaT, rom bavSvi iatakidan Wamda raRaceebs. bavSvis interesebidan gamomdinare, Tqven ras moimoqmedebdiT am SemTxvevaSi? b) inteleqtualurad unarmoklebuli klienti geubnebaT, rom mas Seexo sasqeso organoze kaci da mas es ar moewona. gamoZiebis Catarebisas Tqven gaarkvieT, rom mamrobiTi sqesis fsiqologi aswavlida mas tualetis higienas, is aRiarebs Sexebis faqts da ambobs, rom es iyo klientis sisufTavis Sesamowmeblad da rom es saswavlo programis nawilia. rogor darwmundebiT imaSi, rom es Sexeba momavalSic aRar ganmeordeba?
gamoyenebuli da damatebiT sakiTxavi literatura
I. Teoriuli Sromebi
Bear, D.M., Wolf, M.M., & Risley, T.R. (1968). Some current dimensions of applied behavior analysis. Journal of Applied Behaviour Analysis, 1, 91-97 Miltenberger R.G.(2001) "Behavior modification –Principles and procedures"-Ed.2-ndWadsworth-Thomson Learning Parsonson, B.S (1987). The design and analysis of single-subject research. Unpublished course notes, University of Waikato, New Zealand Parsonson, B.S., & Bear, D.M. (1978). The analysis and presentation of graphic data. In T.R. Kratochwill (Ed.), Single-subject research: Strategies for evaluating change, New York: Academic Press, 101-165 Stokes, T.F., & Bear, D.M. (1997). An implicit techonology of generalization. Journal of Applied Behaviour Analysis, 11, 349-367. Zirpoli T.J.. Melloy K.J .(2001) "Behavior Management- Application for teachers" 3-rd edition Merrill Prentice Hall
eqsperimentuli Sromebi
Haring, T.G. (1985). Teaching between-class generalization of toy play behavior to handicapped children. Journal of Applied Behaviour Analysis, 18, 127-139. Parsonson, B.S., Bear, A.M. & Bear, D.M. (1974).The application of generalized correct social contingencies:An evaluation of training program. Journal of Applied Behaviour Analysis, 7, 427-437. Parsonson, B.S., & Bear, D.M. (1978). Taining of generalized improvisation of tools by prescholl children . Journal of Applied Behaviour Analysis,11,363-380. Sloane H.N. “The Good Kid Book”
wigni Sedgenilia Parsonson B.S.– is damxmare saxelmZRvanelos safuZvelze. Targmani SesaZlebeli gaxda arasamTavrobo organizacia “saqrTvelos bavSvebis” –s xelSewyobiT. wignis zogierTi Teoriuli nawili gavrcobilia Miltenberger R.G saxelmZRvanelos masalebiT.
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klientis saxeli
damkvirvebeli
dakvirvebis TariRi da dro
samizne qcevis ganmarteba
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klientis saxeli damkvirvebeli
dakvirvebis TariRi da dro
samizne qcevis ganmarteba
|TariRi |sixSire |
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