...century, majority of the population in Europe was living in poverty. Europe paled in comparison to the great empires of the Ming, Ottoman and Mughal. Though Portuguese and Spanish represented Europe civilization to set sail and explore new lands in search of new settlements and viable trade routes, the Chinese empire lead an expedition of a massive scale larger than ever known earlier than that time with a different motive. Such expeditions imply these major empires could be suitable candidates for world domination. However, they became insignificant in the world politics arena due to internal declines and isolation. Strong and impregnable as they seem, these great empires had their weaknesses and suffered downfalls due to inefficient government and inadequate resources. The Ottoman Empire has expanded beyond what its resources could sustain. Coupled with widespread corruption and incompetent leadership, the empire’s armies suffered and became vulnerable to its Christian and nomadic rivals. The Mughal empire leader Aurangzeb, expanded his empire in name of purifying Islam hence weakening alliances with Hindu princes and disrupted the already fragmented social order. With focused expansion of territory using obsolete armies and tactics, the empire was drained of its wealth and fell when civil unrest overtook the crown. The Ming Empire was somehow different. It was an empire with a well-developed industry and culture. The initial overseas expeditions were driven by curiosity. However...
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...Isabel Mendoza English 12 S1 Anna Dowlen 12 May 2016 Odysseus the Hero By definition, a hero is someone who is admired for courage, outstanding achievements, or noble qualities. Odysseus represents the definition of an archetypal hero gorgeously merely from the fact that he receives super-natural help from the gods. He resembles his home (Ithaca) in the way that puts him as the main protagonist based upon his exceptional morals, which were considered to be boundless courage and respect for the gods and their traditions. With his outstanding qualities he is looked upon for guidance throughout the story as he tries to overcome the many obstacles that stand in his way as well. Odysseus is an archetypal hero mainly from the fact that he receives help from the gods. For example, Euanthes who grants Odysseus in his trouble gifts that will get him and his crew the opportunity to regain their strength. He also receives help from an entity named Dawn. In a way this character represents Odysseus and almost foretells the struggles he will later be facing. In a section he introduces this entity, “Young Dawn with her rose-red fingers shone once more we all turned out, intrigued to tour the island.” From there we can see the struggles he faces with himself to overcome the many obstacles that Zeus inflicts on Odysseus in hopes to prevent his journey to go any further. Another characteristic of an archetypal character is one in which all heroes contain a flaw that prevents them...
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...the 1890s and British military theory of that period on small wars, the heart of the book is a day-by-day account of the fighting and of the differences of opinion between the Governor of Hong Kong (Blake) and the Colonial Secretary (Lockhart) as to how the war should be fought. Dr Hase uses his deep knowledge of the people and the area and to give a full picture of the leaders and of the rank-and-file of the village fighters. New estimates of the casualties are provided, as are the implications of way these casualties are down-played in most British accounts. As a small war of Imperial Expansion, fought at precisely the high-point of Imperial thinking within the British Empire, The Six-Day War of 1899 is of interest, not only to historians of Hong Kong and China, but also to historians of the British Empire and the British Army, and to general readers interested in military, imperial and Hong Kong history. About the Author: Patrick H. Hase (PhD, Cambridge, FSA, Hon.FRASHK) has studied the history and traditional life of the New Territories and its people for much of the 36 years he has lived in Hong Kong. His local historical research has led to his appointment as an Honorary Advisor to the Leisure and Cultural Services Department, Hong Kong, to the Zhong-ying Street Historical Museum, Shataukok, and to the People's Government of Kaiping Municipality. He is...
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...the US territories or not. 2. The key question that the author is addressing is: why did the US decide to establish an overseas empire? 3. The most important evidence in this article is: a) “The [decision] for annexing the Philippines empire provides a powerful case study—for some, a cautionary tale—regarding the unintended consequences of intervening in foreign lands” (Hollitz Thinking through The Past, ch.4, pg. 79, paragraph 3). In that case, the consequence happened to be a bloody military bath on both sides. b) “…some scholars argue that democratic or popular influences play an important role in shaping policy” (Hollitz Thinking through The Past, ch.4, pg. 79, paragraph 4). Popular influences did play an important role in deciding on whether annexing Philippines were a wise decision or not. However, it didn’t necessarily mean the government had to listen to it. c) “…by the 1960s, the Vietnam War had created doubts among many Americans about popular influence on government policy and the motives of elite policy makers” (Hollitz Thinking through The Past, ch.4, pg. 80, paragraph 8). Here, they realized that just because something is popular doesn’t mean it is good for the public as a whole. d) “…American leaders realized the economic benefits of overseas expansion and led the nation to war with Spain to build a commercial empire” (Hollitz Thinking through The Past, ch.4, pg. 80, paragraph 8). The government knew what’s best for its people, and they went along...
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...ultimately is a defense of what we now call Imperialism. This was a complex set of ideas encompassing opinions of race, religion, culture, and economic necessity. Throughout the nation, settlers traveled in search of land to further expand their wealth and prominence. In Texas and Florida, they found oil. In California, Nevada, and Arizona, they found gold. All the while, settling into these “uncivilized” regions spreading what they felt was progress and democracy. The fact that the lands were already occupied was of little consequence of the ultimate goal of controlling the land. It was, after all, our destiny. In the wake of many wars fought with the indigenous people of this land, we have filled our coffers with the booty of our empire and by the blood of the natives. Perkins, John, The Secret...
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...Shooting an Elephant Shooting an Elephant BY GEORGE ORWELL iIl-educated and I had had to think out my problems in the utter ~fle~~e that is imposed on every Englishman in the East. I did not even know that the British Empire is d~Irig, stiIlless did I know that it is a great de al better than the younger empires that are going to su~pi~nt it. All I knew was that I was s't\'j'ckbetween my hatred of the empire I served and my rage against the evilspirited little beasts who tried to make my job impossible. With one part of my mind I thought of the British Raj as an unbreakable tyranny, as something cI~n1p~d down, in saecula saeculorum, upon the will of ptoit~~tepeoples; with another part I thought that the greatest joy in the world would be to drive a bayonet into a Buddhist priest's guts. Feelings like these are the normal by-products of imperialism; ask any Anglo-Indian official, lLI.r .... IN Moulmein, in Lower Burma, I was hated by large numbers of people - the only time in my life that I have een inlDortant LIJ'. rTAWP-lI1y\. enough for this to happen to ~e., I was sUb on!! police • I=J.CVJ øs O/~JIbF d f officer of the town, and In an almless, peny K'ln ,o ,~y ae, li f ~o C'I.. "-c. r liG Eur~pean f~fOf,but feeling was No one had the guts ralse if a Europeanvery bitter.went through the bazaarsto alone woman r{...
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...Running head: ALLIANCE SYSTEM AND NEW IMPERIALISM Alliance System and New Imperialism: France Damon Johnson HIS/114 August 2, 2011 David Hopkins Alliance System and New Imperialism: France The France empire engaged in an alliance with other powerful empires and participated in a new wave of imperialism to acquire power and influence. France engaged in these strategies to promote power against Germany and to maintain power and influence among the other empires in Europe. This would prevent France from becoming a nation capable of takeover from another nation seeking to add more territory. Alliance System France dealt with the reality that the entire German empire faced the entire France empire. As a result, France became isolated geographically as one side faced the German empire and the other side faced the Atlantic Ocean. During this time, Germany previously had signed into an alliance with Italy and Austria-Hungary, known as the Triple Alliance. With the increasing power of Germany facing France, France began to face isolation and possible conquest by the German powers. To prevent this, France allied with Great Britain and Russia, known as the Triple Entente. Under the Triple Entente alliance, France had an ally in Russia that would give German powers fear of developing possible hostilities with France and Russia on the German empire’s western and eastern frontiers (Kishlansky & O’Brien, 2008). New Imperialism Europe began a new wave of imperialism, the acquisition...
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...Compare and Contrast Japanese and Western Imperialism in Asia and the Pacific 23 October 2013 at 18:10 The Japanese pursuit for an empire in South East Asia helped changed the balance of world power away from Europe, by taking their most lucrative colonies. Soon after the Japanese defeat in World War II, most of the colonies won their independence from their European masters. This essay will be arguing that despite the vast geographical distance and cultural, racial differences, as well as the different time periods involved, Japanese and European intentions were very similar, and that these similarities contributed to the weakening of Imperialism as a doctrine. To do so, this essay will be examining the reasons for the Japanese conducting policies of imperialism, when they expanded, what methods they use to expand and the systems of government. Japanese Imperialism will be compared to those of a well known European power active in the region, Britain. J.A Hobson’s seminal work Imperialism: A Study puts forward the idea of the ‘Economic Taproot of Imperialism’. A taproot is the largest root in some plants and is the plant’s primary source of nourishment. Military aggression is simply capitalist expansion. He described it as “As one nation after another enters the machine economy and adopts advanced industrial methods, it becomes more difficult for its manufacturers, merchants and finaciers to dispose profitably of their economic resources and they are tempted more and more to...
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...Blake A. Taylor HIST 1750 Exam 3 12.05.16 Exam 3: The ways in which the three empires (Ottoman, Mexican, Inca) shaped the onset of colonization was through the dispersion of land based on the number of people that your country had. Simply put it was through the use of military and non-military migration. This meant that the more people you had the more land you could take by either assimilation or by force. Also each of the three major empires were based in different parts of the Americas. In the Americas the Aztec controlled 200,000 square miles and had over 20 million people and the Inca controlled 2500 square miles of land and had a substantially smaller number of people meaning that their prosperity was very dependent on the trade with the Aztec people in order to avoid war. However, the Ottoman empire was a little different in the way they colonized their large country and plot of land. The Ottoman Empire was based in Europe and controlled the majority of Europe including some of the middle east. The Ottoman would use their military might in order to take land and power they would give smaller countries the option to join them and if they refused they were whipped out. The Ottoman empires most valuable trade was its military might in other words you traded with them the price they request or you wont get a chance to trade again. So to wrap this all up the more people you had meant more land which meant more people which meant bigger army which meant ...
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...Summary of “Classical Imperialism, an economic and political background 1880-1945” The text “Classical Imperialism, an economic and political background 1880-1945 “ was written by Madelung & Frederiksen in 1985. The text is about the British Empire and how it develops. Europeans drive to foreign lands because of their greed and idealism, and their goal is to get goods from overseas. The reason that makes it possible for the Europeans is their economic, military and technical superiority. England begins to depend more on importing raw materials, since it is very hard to feed the growing population of England. They start importing raw materials in the beginning of the 19th century, and meanwhile the other European countries begin to develop their own industries and infrastructures. (Alex & Emil J.) In 1880 25 % of the whole world belongs to the British Empire. France, Germany, Belgium and the United States of America are at this time building barriers to protect their new industries. The British Empire is controlling the markets economically and politically. All the countries are trying to take over Africa. In 1884 there is a conference called “The Berlin Conference”. In this conference, they are saying that without colonies, there can’t be no industry and with no industry there can’t be no adequate prosperity. They are also ratifying the principles of Free Trade and free access and, legal protection for traders, explorers, missionaries, and scientists. Finally...
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...Imperialism DBQ The U.S. overseas expansion in the 19th and 20th centuries were aimed towards creating a global presence on the world stage. The U.S.’s military interests to extend their control lead to their intentions of assimilating foreigners into the “best” culture because of the influence of the Progressive Movement that was taking place. Based off the idea of Social Darwinism and Anglo Saxon, this lead people to believing that the U.S. should civilize these “savages” through spreading Christianity and democracy. They assumed that they were the best race and that everyone else was uncivilized. Document C mentions that “the highest civilization will spread itself over the earth” and “this competition of races will be the survival of the fittest.” Josiah Strong arrogantly says this because he is a part of the American Home Missionary Society. He supports the fact of bringing their culture and religion to convert people of the “weaker” races. Document A also supports this idea because the uncivilized people are depicted as animals instead of human beings; however, they are also trying to show the negative effects of this process by the guy on the ground with his boots sticking out. This political cartoon shows that America is taking pride and patriotism in something that shouldn’t represent who we are. In order to protect commerce and maintain control of territories, the U.S. had to strengthen their military and naval power to compete with other...
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...“What was the relationship between industrialisation and the expansion of the British Empire between 1750 and 1850?” Between 1750 and 1850 Britain had revolutionised internally as a dominant industrial figure in Europe. However, although it would be argued that most advances were constitutional, Britain’s foreign relations also enhanced to a certain extent during this period. In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, Britain had established itself as the first country to industrialise therefore instantly granting it a dominant position in the world economy, this would continue for a further century. During this time it was also advantaged in acquiring the largest empire seen of its time. This therefore suggests that the two developments had a relationship, as without one the other would have been inevitable. The Industrial Revolution and the British Empire are dependent on each other. There would not be an Empire without the Industrial Revolution and vice versa. Although the revolution that occurred was not political, it did however have a number of implications that followed, advantages included its geographical location and nature, expanding empire and worldwide trade network, growing transportation network, rich supply of natural resources, available labour supply and relatively high labour productivity, and expertise in developing technology. Together, these necessary factors set up a suitable foundation on which an industrial revolution could occur. This...
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...of the following empires EXCEPT: Britain. France. Rome. Spain. 2.Afghanistan: is ethnically homogenous. was part of the British Empire. has not been a good fit for the nation-state model. is categorized as a Newly Industrialized Country. 3.The Munich analogy refers to: the inability of two large powers to reach agreement over a disputed territory. the development of the intractable conflict surrounding the state of Israel. the appeasement of an aggressive Nazi Germany by European leaders. the decision by President Clinton to intervene in Kosovo. 4.Which of the following is NOT a method to promote nation-building? Having national symbols Having a collective memory Having an official language Having different regional identities 5.Slaves were imported to the Americas primarily because: European residents needed house servants. the colonial economy needed agricultural labor. Catholic missionaries wanted to convert the slaves to Christianity. Colonial powers wanted to depopulate West Africa so Europeans could immigrate there. 6.In 2011, which of the following countries best fit the definition of totalitarian? Mexico Serbia North Korea France 7.Of the following countries, _______ is NOT part of the “Global North.” Japan Brazil the United States France 8.Of the following dates, which best approximates the end of major colonial expansion by European powers? 1789 1848 1914 1958 9.Alexander the Great ruled the __________ Empire. Macedonian Mauryan ...
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...of countries respect us because of our integrity and greatness that we have achieved. Overall I will talk about how imperialism existed in the time of American in 19th and 20th century as well as explain the causes by this time and effects that resulted on our lives today. Imperialism is the policy or action by which one country controls another country or territory. Most such control is achieved by military means to gain economic and political advantages. Such a policy is also called expansionism. An expansionist state that obtains overseas territories follows a policy usually called colonialism. An imperialist government may wish to gain new markets for its exports, plus sources of inexpensive labor and raw materials. A far-flung empire may satisfy a nation's desire for military advantage or recognition as a world power. Imperialism has definitely played its role in our lifetime as well as in the 19th century. First of all we attacked Iraq regarding a power issue. We believed they had some powerful items in which could be harmful to our nation so we decided to attack them to ensure our security. Another one is how we attacked Japan because they were becoming to powerful. We have done a lot to these countries just so we could have the security of keeping our power. Military reasons are also another reason for Imperialism. Since ancient times, nations have absorbed territory...
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...Pacific. They had indirect control over large parts of China, Afghanistan, Persia, Mongolia, and Latin America (Kallander 2/13). The Westward shift of power was brought about with the British domination of foreign trade, the advancement of technology and weapons, and business imperialism. The United States expanded into the Pacific, took over Hawaii and bought Louisiana from the French. The westward shift of power was essential to the rise of global empires and to the start of modernization. Less powerful countries or empires would take ideas from those which were more powerful empires to better advance their society. The expanding western dominance in the world was essential to increasing globalization. The western military dominance symbolized modernization, which was then thought of as industrialization. As western imperialism spread, modernization also spread; the rest of the world had to compete and did so by imitating western militaristic ideas. By building up their own military using western ideas, the unconquered empires could compete and fight against imperialists. The western imperialists continued to conquer and influence regions which were considered minorities of the world throughout the 19th century. Their influence often impacted the native country’s economy, industrialization, culture, politics, trade and other major social aspects of society. The English East India company trade with China was very profitable for China until the nineteenth century. After the...
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