...QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS This chapter introduces the fundamental elements of qualitative research methods, beginning with a definition of qualitative of research, followed by discussion on the evolution of qualitative research methods and how it is different from quantitative research methods. Also discussed is the importance of ethical considerations when doing qualitative research. Just like all research, qualitative research is a type of research that seeks answers to a question; is systematically conducted and involves the collection of evidence. However, the uniqueness of qualitative research is that you may produce findings that were not determined in advance and also the findings may be applicable beyond the immediate boundaries of the study. It is especially effective if you want to obtain culturally specific information about the subjects involved; i.e. the values, behaviours, and opinions of a particular population. However, the term qualitative research is a general definition that includes many different methods used in understanding and explaining social phenomena. The following are some definitions by prominent scholars in the field: • According to Denzin and Lincoln (1994), qualitative research focuses on interpretation of phenomena in their natural settings to make sense in terms of the meanings people bring to these settings. Qualitative research involves collecting information about personal...
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...Three Abbreviated Research Plans Introduction Public health practitioner, when presented with a crisis, problem, or circumstances in the community can use the different research methods, such as quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods. These advance plans of query explore not only potential clarification, but it explores different route that will conclude an exact treatment or intervention and influence an outcome. The three abbreviated research plans will be outlined in this paper, will provide possible clarification to the rising concerns in the U.S. on health disparities in to the people in the community that have limited or no health insurance that will prevent them from receiving adequate medication, health care, and the use of preventive measures such as diet and exercise (Walden, 2012). Strength and Limitation of Research Methods The two major strengths found in the quantitative research methods are that using the strategy of inquiry, the researcher have the chance to test and confirm presented theories about how and why incident happen and test theory assemble before the information is achieve to study a large number of people in a determined community or population (Creswell, 2009). The next strength of this research is that based on the findings, the investigator can make an overview when the composed information is based on casual samples of major size (Creswell, 2009). According to Creswell (2009), the strength for the qualitative methods is the data...
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...Three Abbreviated Research Plans Introduction This paper demonstrates research methods that are used in investigations of health disparities in the United States. Research is a process of investigating concepts and theories that will contribute to a scientific body of knowledge. When presented with a problem, researchers or healthcare specialist can use a quantitative, qualitative or mixed methods approach to solutions or explore avenues that might improve health, health outcomes and health services (Bowling, 2002). As health disparities grow in the United States and research is ongoing, three abbreviated research plans are presented as probable solutions to this concern targeting communities and populations that are underserved. Comparison and Evaluation of Strengths and Limitations of Research Methods Used in These Abbreviated Plans Research is an organized investigation to explain, describe, and control an observed phenomenon that involves inductive and deductive methods. Researchers will use a quantitative research design to verify that the research method used is valid and will produce accurate scientific results (Vidgen, n.d.). The strengths involved in using the quantitative research method can test and validate theories that have been already formed about why and how phenomena occur. Quantitative research allows the researcher to measure and analyze data that is précis which may help eliminate the influence of many variables and allow more reliable cause-and-effect...
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...Abbreviated Quantitative Research Plan Draft of Abbreviated Quantitative Research Plan John Gonzales (RSCH - 8100Y - 2) Dr. Medha Talpade April 27, 2014 Introduction Stress is any physical or natural force that if not controlled, can bring severe mental distress to an individual. Stress can be a natural part of life that allows the individual to learn and mature. If stress is left unattended, major problems will occur. If a stress is ignored, an individual will lose their ability to function. If the response to stress is deficient or if the stress itself is overwhelming, sickness or death will occur (Stress. 2014). The purpose of this study is to determine how well an individual can manage stress and to what extent coping skills control stress. Stress has become a way of life. Stress and its deleterious effects have become widespread. Coping measures are exceedingly important in managing the effects of severe stress. This study will be able to substantially supplement past studies and add additional data to the stockpile of medical knowledge. The object of this study will be to discover at what point do personal coping skills lose their effectiveness and the impact of injurious stress threaten a person’s well being (Marnocha, 2003). Purpose Statement The purpose of this quantitative study is to determine the degree to which individuals have to undergo stress before coping skills break down and the barriers to injurious stress that threatens a person’s well-being...
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...Abbreviated Quantitative Plan Abbreviated Quantitative Plan Introduction Recidivism amongst United States inmates has been an on-going battle since the existence of prison institution (Serin & Lloyd, 2009). As prison populations continue to grow today, statistics show one out of every100 adults are incarcerated (Boduszek, Adamson, Shevlin, Mallett & Hyland, 2013). Scholars have discussed and debated for centuries what factors tend to incite criminal behavior. Over time, many scholars developed theories implicating supernatural influence, genetics, and/or environment as the dominant factors that produced criminality (Serin & Lloyd, 2009). Far from accepting external forces as the sole motivating factors, scholars also looked internally for the answer, touting physiology, both mental and physical, as creating an innate predisposition to crime (Boduszek et al, 2013). Today, we recognize both internal and external factors as contributors to criminal behavior and recidivism (Serin & Lloyd, 2009). These factors, known as risk factors, are split into two categories: dynamic and static (Boduszek et al, 2013). Aptly named, static factors, like criminal history, family criminality, age at first admission to a correctional facility, number of prior incarcerations, and the commitment offense are related to recidivism but cannot be altered through the delivery of services (Boduszek et al, 2013). Dynamic risk factors, on the other hand, are changeable factors...
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...Quantitative Research Plan Affordable Health Care: Is It Causing Stress with Hospital Administrators Derrick Mike Walden University Research Theory January 23, 2015 This abbreviated quantitative research plan includes an introduction, a purpose statement, viable research questions, a hypotheses and a research plan. This quantitative study focuses on whether and to what extent did the Affordable Care Act create more stress for hospital administrators. Introduction Stress has become pervasive in the lives of many individuals, and stress has been found to cause adverse actions in the physical, emotional or psychological aspects of a person’s life (Scott, 2015). Also stress has been found to profoundly affect mental health, physical well-being, productivity, performance, and decision making as well as exerts a tremendous burden on biological systems (Hildebrandt, Yehuda, & Olff, 2012). This study focuses on whether and to what extent did the Affordable Care Act created more stress for hospital administrators. To adequately determine the effects of the stressful factors, it is important to understand the experiences of these individuals in stressful situations. A formal survey design will be chosen to obtain a cross-section of the personal experiences of hospital administrators from varying types of hospitals, such as rural and/or metropolitan cities who are in possible stressful situations and whether and to what extent they were affected in more stressful manners as...
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...RUNNINGHEAD: Abbreviated Qualitative Research Plan Abbreviated Qualitative Research Plan Tiana Parisa Mash Walden University RSCH-8100Y-6 Dr. David Horner February 2nd, 2014 Introduction The term “corrections” mean many different things to the average citizen. Some of these connotations have created several myths surrounding what a correctional institution is and what it does. Ideally, mentally ill offenders that are assigned to a correctional facility are supposedly “rehabilitated” through such an assignment. However, as a state or sheriff office representatives- we as a community of professional are not at liberty to mistreat other human beings- morally and ethically. Conversely, prison, jail, and correctional environment are different. This is a subculture within a subculture- with its own rules, regulation, and policies for both employee’s and inmates a like. (Mash, 2013, Para. 2) International Association for Correctional Psychology and Forensic (IACFP) standards discussed in chapter 12 of Bartol and Bartol (2012) holds an institutional psychologist responsible for their actions even though the client population are in secure custody, and in most events in segregation. As the authors elaborate on page (pp. 411-413)… “Both jails and prisons… can be violent, noisy… demeaning places that promote isolation, helplessness and subservience through the use of overwhelming power, often by instilling fear”( Bartol and Bartol, 2012, p...
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...I have two publications related to my research. The first, New Tools: Using Social Media in a Research Capacity explores the prevalence of social media in everyday life and how researchers should use online communication, through carefully applied ethical practices, in developing a more complete understanding of their subject matter. My second article, How to Remember: The Interplay of Memory and Identify Formation in Post-disaster Communities, addresses the same topics as my thesis in an abbreviated form and appeared in the December, 2015 issue of Human Organization, the leading applied anthropology journal. A new book series on the anthropology of disasters recently placed a call for submissions; the editors expressed interest in my work and requested a prospectus and sample chapters as soon as I defend next month. In addition to completing my doctoral degree, I am also coordinating with the Emergency Operations Manager of Desoto County, Florida to launch a disaster mitigation and preparedness project among low-income, senior citizens, one of the most financially and physically vulnerable populations in that area. The project requires extensive quantitative analysis of an estimated 3,000 surveys and qualitative analysis of interviews, participant observation, and practice drills. After conferring with the state-level emergency agency, we were disappointed to learn the FEMA Pre-disaster Mitigation Grant will not be used for research, even when part of a preliminary study...
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...THE CASE STUDY METHOD The case study method embraces the full set of procedures needed to do case study research. These tasks include designing a case study, collecting the study’s data, analyzing the data, and presenting and reporting the results. (None of the tasks, nor the rest of this book, deals with the development of teaching case studies—frequently also referred to as the “case study method”—the pedagogical goals of which may differ entirely from doing research studies.) The present chapter introduces and describes these procedures, but only in the most modest manner. The chapter’s goal is to serve as a brief refresher to the case study method. As a refresher, the chapter does not fully cover all the options or nuances that you might encounter when customizing your own case study (refer to Yin, 2009a, to obtain a full rendition of the entire method). Besides discussing case study design, data collection, and analysis, the refresher addresses several key features of case study research. First, an abbreviated definition of a “case study” will help identify the circumstances when you might choose to use the case study method instead of (or as a complement to) some other research method. Second, other features cover the choices you are likely to encounter in doing your own case study. Thus, the refresher discusses the •• definition of the “case” in case study research, •• benefits of developing a theoretical perspective in conjunction with your design and analysis tasks,...
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...SECTION 4: ASSESSING RISK Risk assessment and management is one of the highest priorities for any organization to safeguard its properties and assets. In a turbulent state, all information and security vulnerabilities should be in a conversant to many regulations. Selected and tested methodologies have been defined and framed to mitigate the risk-assessment to many organizations. The frameworks have been set to help and guide security and risk. One of the methodologies is: Factor Analysis of Information Risk, abbreviated as (FAIR). FAIR is a methodology for understanding, analyzing and measuring information risk. Information policy and security practices have been inadequate available to aid in effectively managing information risk. For the little available information clues, managers and system owners have found it hard to make effective and well-informed decisions to safeguard their systems against such risks and uncertainties as they may happen. FAIR is elevated to address security practice weaknesses. The major aim of this methodology is to allow organizations contribute effort and mitigate the various risk as they may happen. In one accord risk is assessed and measures be taken to counter the menace. The method ensures the organizational risk is defended and or challenge risk determined by use of advanced analysis techniques and also understand how time and resources such as money will impact the organization's security profile in general. The Methodology works with...
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...Full Title: Abbreviated Title: Doctor of Philosophy (Mass Communication) Ph.D. (Mass Communication) 3. Responsible Agency Faculty of Journalism and Mass Communication Thammasat University 4. Philosophy and Objectives Continuous development of advanced communication technology in the past decade has resulted in not only rapid and complex economic, political, social and environmental changes, but also wide-ranging and borderless development of mass communication system at national, international and global level. This rapid development leads to academic and professional necessity to search for new modern knowledge in order to respond to needs for development by individuals as major resource for national development process and by organisations as sources of activities that promote systematic development. In addition, rapid increase of graduates and professional people in journalism and mass communication as compared to the past, has become a current trend, while education institutes that offer courses at doctoral level are still limited in Thailand. The Faculty of Journalism and Mass Communication is the first institute in Thailand that offers journalism courses at graduate level, and has produced many under graduates and graduates on mass communication to serve the society. The faculty recognizes the urgent need as mentioned above in the age of information, while Thammasat University has a policy to emphasize continuous creation of advanced knowledge and research in all branches...
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...line of the title page flush-left a running head. Begin the running head with the words “Running head” followed by a colon. Then give an abbreviated title of your paper in 50 characters or less in all caps. Note: Remember that the page header will appear on every page of your paper, whereas the running head will only appear on your title page. In the upper half of the title page, type your full title, your byline (name[s]), and affiliation (university, etc.) centered on separate lines. Your title may take up one or two lines as in the example below: You need to include a title page, see above: This website can help you tremendously: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/ References Owl Purdue (2011). Retrieved March 1, 2011 from http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/ While you did a wonderful job with the title page, it is not APA appropriate and you need to use APA style of writing when formatting your assignments. 4/5/2013 4/5/2013 Microsoft account Laura Harris Microsoft account Laura Harris Program Planning and Evaluation PEACE Domestic Violence Agency Program Planning and Evaluation Plan Program Planning and Evaluation PEACE Domestic Violence Agency Program Planning and Evaluation Plan Program Planning and Evaluation PEACE Domestic Violence Agency Program Planning and Evaluation Plan The overall purpose of this Program Planning and Evaluation paper is to make a comparative analysis of program planning and evaluation processes...
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... | | | | | For decades the US financial market has stuck to accounting rules known as the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, commonly abbreviated as U.S. GAAP, or simply GAAP. Just less than a year ago, there was the groundbreaking elimination of GAAP requirement for International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) reporting foreign issuers, due to a strong global support for IFRS. Then on August 27th 2008, the Securities Exchange Commission voted to publish for public comment a proposed Roadmap that could lead to the use of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) by U.S. issuers beginning in 2014. Currently, U.S. issuers use U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (U.S. GAAP). The Commission would make a decision in 2011 on whether adoption of IFRS is in the public interest and would benefit investors. The proposed multi-year plan sets out several milestones that, if achieved, could lead to the use of IFRS by U.S. issuers in their filings with the Commission (Navigating). The transition from U.S. GAAP to IFRS reporting will have a huge impact for investors and businesses in the U.S. Although only a roadmap was issued and no conversion dates were announced, it is speculated that IFRS reporting will more...
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...Forward it to as many people as possible. The more the merrier! Print it out, pass it around, and hand out copies to everyone you know. Just make sure you keep the names and logos on each page intact. Table of Contents Why I Wrote This Guide and What You’re Going to Learn ........................................................... 4 Reality Checks and Beaches in Thailand .......................................................................................... 4 Action Plan, Step 1: Plan Your Strategy ........................................................................................... 6 Your Strategy: Action Steps ........................................................................................................... 9 Action Plan, Step 2: Craft Your Story ............................................................................................. 10 Your Story: Action Steps .............................................................................................................. 14 Action Plan, Step 3: Network Like a Ninja .................................................................................... 16 Networking Strategy #1: Developing Relationships .................................................................. 16 Networking Strategy #2: Cold-Calling ........................................................................................ 22 Your Ninja Training: Action Steps...
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...INTRODUCTION Welcome to Research Rundowns, a blog intended to simplify research methods in educational settings. I hope this site can serve as a quick, practical, and more importantly, relevant resource on how to read, conduct, and write research. The contents are an expansion and revision of my class materials, intended for use as a refresher or as a free introductory research methods course. Topics are organized into five main sections, with subsections (in parentheses): * Introduction (INTRO)–a brief overview of educational research methods (3) * Quantitative Methods (QUANT)–descriptive and inferential statistics (5) * Qualitative Methods (QUAL)–descriptive and thematic analysis (2) * Mixed Methods (MIXED)–integrated, synthesis, and multi-method approaches (1) * Research Writing (WRITING)–literature review and research report guides (5) Most subsection contains a non-technical description of the topic, a how-to interpret guide, a how-to set-up and analyze guide using free online calculators or Excel, and a wording results guide. All materials are available for general use, following the Creative Commons License. Introduction (INTRO)–a brief overview of educational research methods 1. What is Educational Research? (uploaded 7.17.09) 2. Writing Research Questions (uploaded 7.20.09) 3. Experimental Design (uploaded 7.20.09) ------------------------------------------------- Experimental Design The basic idea of experimental design involves...
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