...s Facilitating critical thinking and dialogue about theater, as Steppenwolf has done on its website and in post-show discussions s Providing interactive and educational programs to introduce new audiences to the arts, like the Boston Lyric Opera’s preview program, which gives children (and many adults) a first-time glimpse into the workings of xii xiii tion tirelessly provided invaluable strategic guidance and insight from the project’s beginnings to its final conclusions. We offer our sincere thanks to the staffs and boards of the four organizations we studied. Their candor will, we trust, pay important dividends in the form of additional knowledge about what works and what does not in engaging audiences. We were fortunate to have liaisons at each of the four organizations who helped us work through the details and dedicated much of their own time to ensuring that the case studies were as informative as possible. These include Peggy Burchenal and Julie Crites at the Gardner Museum, Melanie Smith and Polly Springhorn of the San Francisco Girls Chorus, Judith McMichael and Julie House of Boston Lyric Opera, and Linda Garrison of Steppenwolf Theatre Company. As we sought to formulate the key questions and identify critical learnings from the cases, we were also fortunate to have extensive feedback on strategic direction and conclusions from several leading arts practitioners, including Jim Hirsch of the Chicago Sinfonietta, Molly Smith of Arena Stage,...
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...罗炳权 浅谈自由 自由与我们的生活息息相关。言论需要自由，行为需要自由，思想需要自由；学习讲求自由，恋爱必须自由，择业也得自由。自由几乎成了所有现代人的追求。 “自由”一词来源已久，早在中国古代，庄子的《逍遥游》等名篇就为自由奠定了思想理论基础；在《汉书·五行志》中也出现了自由一词；《玉台新咏·古诗》中亦有“吾意久怀忿，汝岂得自由”；到宋代，自由已经成为了一时的流行用语。 而在西方，最初意义上的自由主要指自主、自立、摆脱强制，意味着人身依附关系的解除和人格上的独立。Freedom（自由）在12世纪以前就已经形成，Liberty（自由）则出现在14世纪，源于古拉丁语的Liberta，意为从束缚中解放出来，在古希腊和古罗马时期，“自由”与“解放”本同义。1789年《人权宣言》第4条就写道“自由即有权利做一切无害于他人的任何事情。”第二次世界大战时期，美国总统罗斯福曾提出著名的“四大自由”：表达的自由、信仰的自由、免于匮乏的自由和免于恐惧的自由。 柏拉图和苏格拉底认为，自由是精神上的，内在的自由，解除对个人意见、情欲等的束缚限制的自由。“理想国”理论主张实行“寡头政治”希望人们受哲学家的领导，以节制人的私欲，求灵魂的上升。他们所说的自由是理性的自由、知识的自由。但他们这一观点是不实际的。首先“理想国”本来就不可能存在，人的存在总是善恶半分的。一旦个人意见和情欲等得到自由，人的恶念就会随之而生，哲学思想的领导并不能有效的节制人的私欲，所谓灵魂的上升不过是他们的一相情愿。 奥古斯丁的自由观则认为，人的意志是自由的，他可以选择去做依于欲望而发的行为（即恶），以及依于灵性而发的行为（即善）。人的这种行动机能是善的，是神所赋予的，与动物不同。但这种善是相对的、有限的，并非绝对的、无限的，因为人有原罪。人要为善而去恶，完全摆脱欲望的束缚不能靠自己，要依靠神。奥古斯丁所说的自由只是宗教的自由，而非道德的自由。在我看来，奥虽然看清了人内心的善与恶，但他不能信任人本身可以驾驭自由，或者说他提出他的自由观只是用来提高神的地位，让神帮助人摆脱恶。但这种“为善而去恶”的想法很容易被歪曲，使人作恶理所当然，这种宗教的自由很容易让人误入歧途。这种自由就相当于任性意义的自由，想说什么就说什么，想做什么就做什么，自由放任，因为人是不能靠自己摆脱欲望的，只有神可以。 这些自由观都可以说是消极自由，他们认为自由是个人的自由，与他人无关，个人的自由是不可侵犯的。我认为这同时也是感性的自由，他们都把自由归于个体的，自发的，都是他们个人的主张。但事实上要想自由作用于人，那么自由必须是理性的自由，积极的自由。因为人是社会动物，人的生存不能离开社会，而人的自由也是建立在社会自由之上的。 萨特认为，人是生而要受自由之苦的。人的自由是选择的自由，这种自由实际上是不自由，因为人无法逃避选择的宿命。人是社会的动物，因而人无可逃避地会去选择了解，选择去爱周围的人，这是生而为人的天性。我比较认同这种观点。人的自由在于选择，而不是在与给出选项。这就相当于一场考试。人的自由就相当于考生怎么去做这份考题，怎样选择自己认为正确的答案，而出考题的事就不是考生所能左右的了，就好像给出选择已经不是人的自由范畴了。萨特又说，人的自由就在于每个人生来就是不同的，就像没有两片相同的树叶一样，而且人心比树叶的脉络更加复杂。我就是我，我注定不能用我的思维去理解别人。这就涉及到一个个性与共性的问题了。共性是社会所给予的，这是被自由；个性是人自己所能决定的，是真自由。树叶的自由在...
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...The year is 1959, a pivotal moment in American cultural history, when rock and roll was giving birth to the Sexual Revolution and everything in America culture was about to be turned upside down. Record companies were releasing more than a hundred singles every week and the country was about to explode. Grease, generally considered a trivial little musical about The Fabulous Fifties, is really the story of America’s tumultuous crossing over from the 50s to the 60s, throwing over repression and tradition for freedom and adventure (and a generous helping of cultural chaos), a time when the styles and culture of the disengaged and disenfranchised became overpowering symbols of teenage power and autonomy. Originally a rowdy, dangerous, over-sexed, and insightful piece of alternative theatre, Grease was inspired by the rule-busting success of Hair and shows like it, rejecting the trappings of other Broadway musicals for a more authentic, more visceral, more radical theatre experience that revealed great cultural truths about America. An experience largely forgotten by most productions of the show today. Like Hair before it and The Rocky Horror Show which would come a year later, Grease is a show about repression versus freedom in American sexuality, about the clumsy, tentative, but clearly emerging sexual freedom of the late 1950s, seen through the lens of the middle of the Sexual Revolution in the 1970s. It’s about the near carnal passion 1950s teenagers felt for their rock...
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...Encounter® Conformal® Equivalence Checking Reference Manual Conformal ASIC, Conformal Ultra, and Conformal Custom Product Version 9.1 October 2009 © 1997– 2009 Cadence Design Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Cadence Design Systems, Inc., 2655 Seely Avenue, San Jose, CA 95134, USA Trademarks: Trademarks and service marks of Cadence Design Systems, Inc. (Cadence) contained in this document are attributed to Cadence with the appropriate symbol. For queries regarding Cadence’s trademarks, contact the corporate legal department at the address shown above or call 800.862.4522. Open SystemC, Open SystemC Initiative, OSCI, SystemC, and SystemC Initiative are trademarks or registered trademarks of Open SystemC Initiative, Inc. in the United States and other countries and are used with permission. All other trademarks are the property of their respective holders. Restricted Print Permission: This publication is protected by copyright and any unauthorized use of this publication may violate copyright, trademark, and other laws. Except as specified in this permission statement, this publication may not be copied, reproduced, modified, published, uploaded, posted, transmitted, or distributed in any way, without prior written permission from Cadence. This statement grants you permission to print one (1) hard copy of this publication subject to the following conditions: 1. The publication may be used solely for personal, informational, and noncommercial...
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...©Manning Publications Co. Please post comments or corrections to the Author Online forum: http://www.manning-sandbox.com/forum.jspa?forumID=542 1 MEAP Edition Manning Early Access Program Copyright © 2010 Manning Publications For more information on this and other Manning titles go to www.manning.com ©Manning Publications Co. Please post comments or corrections to the Author Online forum: http://www.manning-sandbox.com/forum.jspa?forumID=542 Licensed to Andrew M. Tearle 2 Table of Contents Part 1 LEARNING POWERSHELL 1 1 Welcome to PowerShell 2 Foundations of PowerShell 3 Working with types 4 Operators and expressions 5 Advanced operators and variables 6 Flow control in scripts 7 PowerShell Functions 8 Advanced functions and scripts 9 Using and Authoring Modules 10 Module Manifests and Metadata 11 Metaprogramming with ScriptBlocks and Dynamic Code 12 Remoting and Background Jobs 13 Remoting: Configuring Applications and Services 14 Errors and exceptions 15 The PowerShell ISE and Debugger Part 2 USING POWERSHELL 16 Working with paths , text, and XML 17 Getting fancy—.NET and WinForms 18 Windows objects: COM, WMI and WSMan 19 Security, security, security appendix A Comparing PowerShell to other languages appendix B Admin examples appendix C The PowerShell grammar appendix D Additional PowerShell Topic ©Manning Publications Co. Please post comments or corrections to the Author Online forum: http://www.manning-sandbox.com/forum.jspa?forumID=542 ...
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...大学生创意创新创业教育与实践系列教程 Python程序设计与应用教程 目录 第1章 Python语言概述 9 1.1 Python语言简介 9 1.2 Python与C语言的异同 10 1.3 安装与配置Python环境 12 1.3.1 Windows系统平台 12 1.3.2 Linux系统平台 17 1.3.3 MAC系统平台 20 1.4 Python开发环境 23 本章小结 24 第2章 基本数据类型与变量 25 2.1 整数运算 25 2.2 浮点数算术 27 2.3 复数 29 2.4 字符串 29 2.5 类型转换 32 2.6 变量和值 32 2.7 赋值语句 34 2.7.1 变量引用 36 2.7.2 赋值 38 2.7.3 多重赋值 39 本章小结 41 习题 41 第3章 编写Python程序 43 3.1 IDLE 43 3.1.1 IDLE中编写程序 44 3.1.2 命令行运行程序 55 3.1.3 命令行调用Python 55 3.2 注释 56 本章小结 57 习题 57 第4章 列表、元组和字典 58 4.1 序列 59 4.2 序列基本操作 59 4.2.1 索引 59 4.2.2 切片 60 4.2.3 序列加 60 4.2.4 序列乘 61 4.2.5 In 61 4.2.6 len、max、min 61 4.3 列表 62 4.3.1 列表的创建 62 4.3.2 列表的修改 62 4.3.3 列表的方法 63 4.4 元组 66 4.4.1 元组的创建 66 4.4.2 元组的操作 66 4.4.3 元组的困惑 67 4.5 字典 67 4.5.1 字典的创建 67 4.5.2 字典的操作 68 4.5.3 字典的方法 69 4.6 集合 72 4.6.1 集合的创建 72 4.6.2 集合的基本操作 73 4.6.3 集合的特殊操作 74 4.7 五子棋棋盘 76 4.7.1 五子棋盘的选择：列表 76 4.7.2 棋盘的创建 77 本章小结 78 习题 78 第5章 流程控制语句 80 5.1 布尔逻辑 81 5.2 代码块与缩进 81 5.3 if/else语句 82 5.3.1 单分支条件语句 82 5.3.2 二分支条件语句 83 5.3.3 多分支条件语句 84 5.3.4 条件表达式 86 5.3.5 断言 88 5.4 循环 89 5.4.1 while循环 89 5.4.2 for循环 90 5.4.3 循环嵌套 91 5.4.4 循环遍历字典元素 93 5.4.5 迭代工具 93 5.4.6 循环控制语句 95 5.4.7 循环与else子句 97 5.5 列表推导式 97 5.6 继续五子棋 98 本章小结 102 习题 102 第6章 再讲字符串 105 6.1 字符串操作 105 6.1.1 切片操作 105 6.1.2 格式化操作 107 6.1.3 字符串模板 110 6.1.4...
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