...Leo Dudziak HLS 301G Human Sexuality Library Research Project 6/21/2015 1. Religion and Sex 2. International Human Sexuality Issues Female genital mutilation Female genital mutilation is a ritual removal of some or all of the external female genitalia. The practice of female genital mutilation is concentrated in 27 African countries. Although cases are found in other countries those 27 countries compose a vast majority of worldwide female genital mutilation. It is an appalling tradition that is practiced for religious and cultural reasons. There are four types of female genital mutilation according to The World health organization. Type 1 is partial or total removal of the clitoris. Type two partial removal of clitoris and labia minora. Type three is narrowing of the vaginal orifice and type 4 is any other harmful procedure to female genitals for nonmedical purposes. 85% of women who have had female genital mutilation have had type one or type two performed. The practice significantly affects females the sexuality of those that have had it performed to them. Woman can be severally affected because removal of part of the vagina or clitoris has many negative physical and psychological affects. The physical effects that can happen are severe bleeding, problems urinating, cysts, infections, infertility as well as complications in childbirth and increased newborn deaths. Female genital mutilation can take some or all pleasure away from sex. It also reduces orgasms...
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...discuss in your proposal how those sources support or refute your opinions. The following are useful resources that are available on the Multimedia page of the University Library: * Issues & Controversies * Issues & Controversies in American History * Global Issues in Context What is the first topic that comes to mind when you think of world-wide controversial issues? For me, the biggest and most wide-spread issue is that of abortion. What is right and what is wrong? Are there exceptions to when abortion is okay? Do sexual offenses against a victim make abortion a “fair” decision? What about genetic testing that shows serious medical problems for a fetus? “Abortion is the most often topic written about in School. Abortion is the most often topic debated in School. Abortion is the final outcome of one out of every three pregnancies in the U.S. Abortion divides our country, our religions, our family, our society and our politics.” – This quote comes from the home page of abortioninfo.org and sums up most of the reason why I have chosen this topic to write about. This topic can keep a feminist talking and is the baseline for many political campaigns which are dependent on whether or not the elected official is pro-abortion or not. Feminism ties best into the subject of abortions because women have rights to their own bodies and the freedom to reproduce and keep the child or to abort the fetus.” Feminist movements have campaigned and continue to campaign for...
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...Claims PRO team 1 Abortions The social media are talking more about abortions. They believe that it’s a decision that should not be argued why women would want an abortion. With the evolving moral standards of society, abortions are becoming more and more justified. Abortions, the practice of removing a fertilized egg from a mother has become a controversial issue in American society, but should be generally supported because you don’t know exactly why women want an abortion or what happened to where she cannot conceive this baby. Abortion advocates must think the American people are fools. They claim the issue is not the morality of abortion, but "who decides--the woman or the state? “Most Americans favor stiff penalties for rapists. Clearly, laws against rape don't let the government decide who gets raped. Instead, these laws indicate that the government has decided rape is an unacceptable practice. Rapists disagree, but the rest of us decided to impose our morality on them. That is what laws are all about. I do not agree that getting an abortion is wrong. Those who refute abortion claim that it is the murder of a helpless baby who has not yet had the chance to live and function as a human being. However, the debate opposite it is just as fervent: it is a woman’s right to choose what happens to her body, and if she decides that she is not capable of bringing a child into this world, than she shouldn’t be forced to out of nature. Where do we draw the line between humane...
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...Running Head: AIMS OF LAW Controversial Laws in US [Name] [School] Author Note This paper was prepared for , Section , taught by Professor Abstract What do we mean by the “Aims of Law”? At one end, the aims of law are oriented by the common good while at the other end they may be restricted by the fact that exercise of authority is involved in the use of law. To the extent that the law can be used to promote common good, we should not use it since there may be certain limits as to how the authority should be exercised even for valuable goals. Sometimes, attempting to achieve valuable goals through the law results in failure due to the way law used which may be self defeating. Authoritative character of law places a burden in human life of choosing for oneself and binds them. This should be avoided to the far extent possible. There may be some aspects of the common good that cannot be realized effectively using authoritative legal rules which implies that law is not a good tool for all purposes. Thus, the aspects of common good supported by authoritative rules are the appropriate aims of law. This object of this paper is to examine five controversial laws in US that restrict or regulate behavior and present a philosophical argument for or against why such laws advance a proper aim of law. Controversial Laws in US Due to their sensitive nature, there are several topics which are highly disputed. Since prudence and emotions never go hand-in-hand, it becomes...
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...Zaid Shlah English 118 October 7, 2012 Abortion- Pro Choice Abortion has always been a controversial subject among our society. Whether we are involved directly or indirectly, whether we are for it or against it; it is nearly impossible to find someone who doesn’t have an opinion about abortion. Since 1973 abortion has been an important issue within the United States. 1973 marks the year that the famous Rowe versus Wade case was decided before the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court ruled that abortion be legal and available to all women. Legal abortions can be performed up to 24 weeks according to prochoice.org after twenty-four weeks most doctors or clinics will not perform the procedure unless keeping the baby presents a medical risk to the mother. I believe that every person is entitled to his or her own opinions, beliefs, thoughts, and rights. Denying women the right to choose abortion in the early stages of fetal development is denying her rights as a U.S. citizen and is also discrimination against her person. The moral question has always been whether or not it should be a woman’s decision to get an abortion. The other side of that question is whether the government should have control over a woman’s body and forbid her to get an abortion. Pro-life supporters believe that abortion is wrong because it involves the death of a human being on the other hand Pro-choice believes in woman’s right to choose. I am certain that abortion is a personal choice, and this freedom should...
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...Abortion is one of the most controversial issues in society today. This topic has become a very large dispute due to the right of having choices in society. A woman’s right to choose to have an abortion or not, is legally her fundamental right. However, if society outlaws the choice of having an abortion, society is interfering with the woman’s right to make decisions related to her own body. Therefore, this is when the question comes in on whether abortion should be justifiable or not looking at factors influencing one’s decisions, the effects of religious norms, structural constraints, and personal religiosity. This argumentative topic can be supported from the sociological concepts of sociological imagination and social conflict in society...
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...Fabio Cuetara Philosophy October 15, 2011 Right or Wrong Ethical Relativism is the belief that nothing is objectively right or wrong and that the definition of right or wrong depends on the prevailing view of a particular individual, culture, or historical period. Different cultures have different ethical and moral standards that might seem odd or wrong but if they are justifiable and or not completely forced upon a group then there should be nothing wrong with said act. I agree with ethical relativism, to a certain extent, the fact that people in our modern culture criticize or judge people in others for what they do and why they do it is morally wrong. We have never had an absolute ethical standard in history so just because we think something is right or wrong doesn’t mean it is, different people respond differently to certain ideas and actions. Ethical Relativism shows us that some practices are ethically right in their respective cultures and that we should respect other people’s ethical decisions if they are made out of necessity or choice by the group of people involved. What one culture might think is absolutely horrible and wrong, might be completely acceptable and necessary in another. In other cultures some decisions are made for the survival of the civilization. The Eskimos sometimes leave there new born female children behind in the frigid climate to die. At first glance that seems incredibly wrong and inhumane, but looking further into the reasoning...
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...Few issues have fostered such controversy, as has the topic of abortion. The participants in the abortion debate not only have firmly-fixed beliefs, but each group has a self-designated appellation that clearly reflects what they believe to be the essential issues. On one side, the pro-choice supporters see individual choice as central to the debate: If a woman cannot choose to terminate an unwanted pregnancy, a condition which affects her body and possibly her entire life, then she has lost one of her most basic human rights. These proponents of abortion believe that while a fetus is a potential life, its life cannot be placed on the same level with that of a woman. On the other side, the pro-life opponents of abortion argue that the fetus is human and therefore given the same human rights as the mother. Stated simply, they believe that when a society legalizes abortion, it is sanctioning murder. In today's more industrialized societies, technology has simplified the abortion procedure to a few basic and safe methods. Technology, however, has also enhanced society's knowledge of the fetus. Ultrasound, fetal therapy, and amniocentesis graphically reveal complex life before birth, and it is this potential human life that is at the heart of the debate. In order to form an opinion on this matter, we must first question and define several common factors which are numerously debated. I. When does human life begin? Scientists identify the first moment of human life...
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...States the leading controversy, is the two-sided issue of abortion which seems to be a popular yet, disputable debate. Since 1973 national appeal of abortion, competing bunch have fought to restrict or increase access to this procedure; it has lead it to heated debates among political activists, religious organizations and state legislatures. This political battle has created pointless situations that have left the abortion issue unresolved. What is the right and what is the wrong? Should a woman be allowed to have that abortion or should she strip a child from life or be forced to forfeit her right to make her own decision? Every year in the United States about 25% of all pregnancies result in an abortion, this adds up to over a million a year. Society is caught in the middle of this controversial topic because a portion of individuals believe that it should be a woman’s choice whether she has an abortion while others consider it to be murder. Abortion is a necessary medical procedure during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy, however, this procedure is sometimes abused and although it is needed, it is not always justified and therefore deserves to have stricter guidelines placed upon it. Many of us can safely say that the media shapes our approach on a daily basis. Since abortion is such a touchy subject and it is based on moral issues, our feelings are changing constantly. With the help of the media anti-abortion group is one step ahead by putting graphic displays...
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...smartest way to fix that error is getting an Abortion done. Abortion has been a controversial topic since long time ago. Some people agree with abortion and some others are totally against. There are two types of abortion, the abortion pill and the In-clinic abortion. In order for a person to practice any of those two different types of abortion they need to be 18 years old or older. If the person who wants to practice this method does not meet this requirement she will be ask for one of her parents to give her permission for her abortion. However, in most of the states you can ask a judge to excuse you of these requirement. Abortion gives a chance to young women especially those below the age of 21 years to pursue their education. A young girl caught in a situation where she has to carry the child to term will mean that she cannot do anything else. She would have to stop learning at some point to address the needs of the child. Most likely, she would have to stop schooling all...
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...10/21/2012 Abortion: Is it her choice or theirs While a woman should have the right to choose abortion without being criticized, the issue of abortion is very disputable. Everyone has their own individual opinion. Many people believe abortion is a moral issue, but it is also a constitutional issue. It is a woman's right to choose what she does with her body, and it should not be altered or influenced by anyone else Abortion represents a woman's right to choose whether or not to continue a pregnancy, and this is a fundamental human right and reproductive freedom that is protected by the United States Constitution. This basic and important reproductive choice should not be made by the government or any other outside force against the woman's wishes but solely by the individual woman herself. Abortion is quite the controversial matter in society today; however, it is not widely discussed, and therefore it is hard for one to express their opinions on the matter. Regardless, many people have their views on the subject, whether these views be educated and well thought up, or simply a general view as to why abortion should or should not be practiced. However, for the most part, it seems that certain social groups of society tend to think the same way on abortion. Many forms of religion are opposed to abortion. In their eyes, abortion is a form of murder in that it involves the taking of an innocent life. Issues of life and death are closely linked to spiritual issues and should...
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...Problems Abortion In society we as people have standard behavior or beliefs concerning what is and is not acceptable and that is called morals. Sometimes we like to believe what’s right is wrong and what’s wrong is right. The pre-conventional level of moral development reasoning is especially common in children, although adults can also exhibit this level of reasoning. Abortion is the most controversial topic of our generation. It is an on-going fight between pro-life and pro-choice. Many people believe that is wrong while others are the total opposite. A person must first be informed about the history of abortion, in order to understand and form an opinion. The different methods of abortion being performed today, and the potential side affects are equally debatable sides. I believe the government shouldn’t decide what a woman does with her own body. This is one of those topics that can go on for day’s maybe weeks and months without settling anything. Before making any decision is best to be informed about all these important issues, therefore, you’ll know where you stand. Abortion has been legal in the United States from the time the earliest settlers arrived. It has been performed for thousands of years where woman would help each other to abort. Britain first passed anti-abortion laws in 1803, throughout the century the law became stricter. Most abortions were illegal in the United States by 1880, except those who were necessary to save the life of the woman. Anti-abortion laws...
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...105/106 Mrs. Pulis 10/13/14 Abortion Abortion has been a controversial topic in America for a very long time. Society believes that abortion is immoral and considers abortion to be murder. People that do not support, or “pro-lifersâ€, believe that if abortion were illegal there would not be any abortions performed. However, over 70,000 maternal deaths occur every year due to unsafe abortions (AboutNews). These women die making the idea of pro-life extremely contradictory. The government should not be able to make medical decisions for women in America. Pro-choice is necessary in America so women who have life threatening conditions due to their pregnancy or are victims of sexual crimes are given reproductive freedom. Women who are victims of rape or incest should not be forced to carry out a pregnancy. Pro-choice means that all women should have the right to make their own choice when it comes to their body. If a woman is raped and becomes pregnant, the idea of keeping the child may or may not be too much for her to psychologically deal with. People who believe in Pro-choice have sympathy for this woman, whereas Pro-life supporters call her a murderer. Society must accept that women who are victims of these crimes deal with the issue differently and regardless of your own opinion, it is simply not right for the government to take away a woman’s choice to terminate a pregnancy if she so chooses. Survey taken by Gallup Politics from American citizens. Source: www.gallup...
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...As America continues to change as a society and culture, people tend to grow more liberal in their thinking. What once used to be a very solid consensus on an issue, now has a rebuttal. Abortion is a prime example of one of these issues. Originally, abortion was a common trend in society among married and unmarried women (Abortion). Prior to the 1860’s, almost one in every four live births were abortions. This ended quickly as the American Medical Association launched a campaign against the treatment with the purpose of giving the power to medical professionals. Not long after, states adopted strict laws against abortion, allowing one to be done only if it severely threatened the mother’s life (Abortion). In the mid 1960’s, women began to fight back, saying it was their legal right to decide whether or not they should have an abortion and that it was an invasion of privacy for the state and national government to be able to control their choice (Abortion). Today, it continues to be a very controversial topic as it has come to affect many of Americans both directly and indirectly....
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...Throughout american history the way in which a woman's body was portrayed and the basis in which it was supposed to function (in society) was entirely based upon the male perspective. However with the turn of the twentieth century through various women's rights campaigns and movements, women have taken the power over their bodies back. Yet one issue that still remains highly controversial is Abortion; a word that incites incites strong emotion in both men and women. The most famous court case revolving this infamous issue is known as Roe v. Wade; and though it was chosen a quarter century back,the effects and decisions from this case can be felt to this day. The verdict to legalize abortion has led to mass revives, bombings of fetus removal...
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