...available for any student having anaphylaxis. The bill will also allow school staff to administer epinephrine without any liability. Moreover, any school that adopts this legislation will be given preferences when applying for asthma related government grants from health and human resources department (TheHill.com, 2012). Just recently, a first grader, Amarria Johnson of Virginia State died after experiencing an episode of anaphylaxis from eating peanut. Her death could have been prevented, but the school had no epinephrine on hand to save her life(TheHill.com,2012).According to the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (2011),the delay in using epinephrine is closely associated with death from anaphylaxis,expecially anaphylaxis resulting from peanuts allergy (niaid,2011).Symptoms of anaphylaxis include itching ,swelling of lips and tongue, tightness of throat, skin hives, vomiting, diarrhea ,cramps, shortness of breath, cough, wheezing, weak pulse, dizziness and passing out (niaid,2011). According to Gregory Nancy (July 2012), about eight percent of American children are affected by allergies. Six million children have food allergy and about forty percent of those children have a past history of anaphylaxis. Sixteen to eighteen percent of children with food allergy have had allergic reactions to accidental injection of food while in school. Moreover, statistics on anaphylaxis reaction revealed that twenty five percent of anaphylaxis reaction in school occurred...
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...medication was started, the patient calls the nurse and reports “itching all over” and difficulty breathing. The nurse notes facial edema and audible wheezing. The patient’s skin is red with large, swollen blotches over her arms, trunk and back. Her systolic blood pressure is 118/78, pulse 108 and respirations 24. The IVPB antibiotic bag has infused about 3/4ths of the dose. The patient states, “I had this once when I took a drug called amoxil. The doctor said I am allergic to amoxil.” 1. Describe the mechanism of disease of Anaphylaxis and possible signs and symptoms. Anaphylaxis is a type of severe, whole body allergic reaction. It is characterized by a rapid onset after exposure to a triggering chemical which has become an allergen. The symptoms of anaphylaxis result from histamine release from the mast cells, which can lead to swelling, itching, and constriction of the air ways.There are two primary types of anaphylaxic reactions: true and pseudo anaphylaxis. Pseudo anaphylaxis has the same symptoms, treatments, and triggers as true anaphylaxis, but occurs without an IgE response. Symptoms of anaphylaxis include: coughing, wheezing, diarrhea, difficulty breathing or swallowing, hives, itching, swelling, abdominal pain, slurred speech, and nausea/vomiting. A person receives an initial “sensitizing dose” which causes the body to identify the allergen as a threat. Subsequent exposures to the substance will trigger a response from the...
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...Assessment task 1: Written Assessment Anaphylaxis is a respiratory disease that can be both acute and severe. It has a 3% mortality rate within Australia caused from a range of triggers that may or may not be known to the victim. Although anaphylaxis prevalence has increased, death rates have decreased due to understanding of the disease pathophysiology alongside better and faster management of life threatening symptoms (Liew, Williamson & Tang, 2009). This essay will discuss these points in detail as well as the pharmacological actions of adrenaline, the drug used to fight anaphylaxis in a pre-hospital setting. Anaphylaxis is Type 1 hypersensitivity response as it is ‘IgE mediated’. This involves an antigen/antibody response. To develop hypersensitivity a person must first be exposed to the antigen. On the initial exposure, the antigen activates the immune system and a hyper-production of IgE (immunoglobin) antibodies, which are produced by plasma B cells. The IgE antibody is specific to only that antigen and will bind to basophils and mast cells in the blood and blood vessel tissues, remaining inactive until that same antigen is introduced to the body again. Upon secondary exposure to the antigen, many chemical reactions are undertaken at a rapid rate. The antigen binds to IgE resulting in degranulation of basophil and mast cells and release of chemical mediators such as histamine and leukotriene’s (Arnold & Williams, 2011). Histamine especially have a fast acting...
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...EpiPen is an injection containing epinephrine, this chemical narrows the blood vessel and open airways in the lungs. The effects of this injection can reverse severe low blood pressure, wheezing, hives, severe skin itching, and many different symptoms of an allergic reaction. They also use epinephrine to treat exercise induced anaphylaxis. Mylan offers the first authorized generic for EpiPen Auto injector at half of the wholesale acquisition cost . But as of 2016 , Mylan's EpiPen became the center of attention for scrutiny . Their prices increased by nearly 500 percent over the past seven years. American consumers are definitely not strangers to increased prices on drugs , but based on a few steep price hikes by the Mylan company and their decision to raise the price on EpiPen it caused an outrage. Mylan was at the center of criticism over rising drug prices. EpiPen is basically used by several parents of young children that suffer from food...
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...Levina Crumpton Biology 112 Anaphylaxis is an acute immediate life threatening Type I hypersensitivity reaction marked by sudden onset of vascular swelling in the skin and respiratory distress. A severe reaction may lead to vascular collapse leading to shock if not recognized in a timely manner. The reaction can occur up to one hour after re-exposure to an antigen. Local anaphylaxis results from having a reaction to something in the air and can be relieved with antihistamines such as Benadryl. Anaphylactic shock occurs when bee venom, antihypertensive medication or penicillin is introduced into the bloodstream and that can be relieved with and injection of epinephrine. The reaction is caused by the release of chemical mediators from mast cells and basophils. Ige on basophiles promotes the release of other mediators such as leukotriene’s histamines and serotonin. You also have mediators that activate other pathways of inflammation such as Interleukin (IL)–4 and IL-13 which are cytokines that’s regulates inflammation. This is the initial generation of antibody and inflammatory cell responses to anaphylaxis. Additional mediators include prostaglandin which is a lipid compounds that regulate the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle tissue during the inflammatory process. The organ systems that are involved are: respiratory in which you experience throat tightness, shortness of breath, wheezing, and nasal congestion. Cardiovascular: dizziness...
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...Jenny Smith November 28, 2011 Dr. Min Young Lee English 121 sec 28 The Coming of Age of the Male Characters in About a Boy About a boy is a contemporary novel written by the British author Nick Hornby. It incorporates constructs of post-modern writing by bringing into focus the artists, and styles, and prose of the vernacular. The setting of the novel takes place in London in the mid 1990s. About a boy gives a unique perspective of a coming of age story. It follows the coming of age of two boys of two very different ages; Will Freeman 36 years old and Marcus 12. This novel shows the contrast between consumerism and materialism with real interpersonal connections. Will Freeman made the decision to pursue materialism rather than personal friendships, and to live in self-imposed isolation. Will had the ability to buy “cool” clothes, and sunglasses and sneakers, and so was never at a loss for acquaintances. Marcus, on the other hand, felt isolation due to a lack of materialism. Marcus was an outsider in his school in London since he could not have the best “coolest” clothes, shoes, and haircuts and thus was always the target of bullying. However, as the plot progresses, Marcus and Will undergo transformational experiences together to become more connected to the people around them. The transformational experiences of Fiona’s suicide, falling in love, and Marcus’ arrest all culminate in the maturation of Will and Marcus’ and the genesis of interpersonal connections between...
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...Film Review of ”About a Boy” Cast: Hugh Grant, Rachel Weisz, Toni Collette and Nicholas Hoult Director: Chris and Paul Weitz Novel written by: Nick Hornby Script writer: Peter Hedges, Chris and Paul Weitz Rating: PG-13 Genre: Romance, Comedy and Drama Running time: 105min. Review: The movie is mainly about 36 year old Will Freeman and 12 year old Marcus Brewer. Will is a so called island which means that he wants nothing to do with family related things; all he really wants is relationships without any form of commitment, he therefore goes to a club for single parents called S.P.A.T. There he meets a woman that he likes, but to be with her he makes up that he has a two-year old son named Ted. When he revels that it was a lie to get close to her, she immediately breaks up with him. Will's keeps on courting and the woman (Suzie) takes him to one of the group's picnics where he meets Marcus the son of Suzie's friend, Fiona. At the picnic, Marcus accidentally kills a duck with piece of bread while he is trying to feed it. When a park ranger asks him about it, Will defends Marcus by saying that the bird was already dead. Afterward, when Will and Suzie take Marcus home, they find Fiona, his mother, in the living room, on a pill-overdose trying to commit suicide. Marcus gets uncomfortable with being at home with his mother; therefore he tries to get Will to date her. After only one date this plan fails so Marcus starts following Will around and discovers that Will...
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...of my patients. Streams of people are constantly flooding into our hospital, their legs and necks covered in swollen bumps that blacken within hours; goose bumps rise upon their skin as they shiver with exceedingly high fevers, and many are violently throwing up blood. Nurses are madly dashing around from person to person, trying to aid them as much as possible, while our top doctors are desperately racing against time to find some sort of remedy; the hospital is in mass chaos I tell you, mass chaos! I just can’t take it anymore, seeing so many faces that were once smiling and laughing all of twenty-four hours ago to now being masked with such desolate fear and misery. I want to leave this place, just like Dr. Kamish and Dr. Maveroh and about ten more of our staff members that deserted our hospital did. It would be better than hiding in this old closet that I’m in now, which reeks of must and unused cleaning supplies. Although, the stench of dirt and Windex couldn’t possibly smell as bad as the vile odor of the sick and decaying people outside; I don’t want to go out there. I’m petrified. If I go back out there, I could get sick myself, and leave behind my husband and kids. But I can’t stay in here. It’s wrong. I’m going to go out there right now and try to do my best to help the people that have fallen ill during this grave time, the grimmest time of my life. -Sue * * * Dear Journal March 20, 1348 Yesterday at work was one of the most horrifying sights...
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...My colleague presented a case to me involving a man named “Bob”. The patient “Bob” is an only child that grew up in a religious household. His father was a warm and kind man that worked all the time. Bob only saw his father on the weekends when he was a child due to his father’s work schedule. Bob’s father died about a year ago. Bob’s mother was the disciplinarian and she was very strict. She worked as a janitor initially at his Elementary School and then she became his high school librarian. Bob seems to have a strained relationship with his mother. Bob attended college and studied psychology. He worked as a psych tech for 14 years. Bob seems cooperative at the session and admits to having no medical problems, but drinks occasionally with...
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... Bob, was an extremely wealthy man in his early forties, just won another million dollars from the state lotto. Bob was on a hot streak winning almost every ticket. Bob also like to bet on the horses. Bob has an addiction. One day bob lost, Bob was mad, He lost a lot of money on a sure fire horse.. Bob bet everything on this horse, The horse broke its leg out of the gate, Game over. Bob was broke, he had no money, just his car and nice house. Bob sold his house and his car, he bought a old ugly beater car. He again bet everything on another horse, and he lost again. Bob lives in his car, Bob is now in this fifties and still living in his car, Bob never reached out for help. Would you of helped Bob if he asked? Gambling is very addictive, there should be more publicly known programs, like AA, to help the people who have an addiction. The lotto should be harder to get tickets. More than a million adolescents are already addicted to gambling, starting at a young age (Grey). People with gambling addictions have problems, But it’s their own problems, They need to better manage their money, and not make everyone else feel bad for their mistakes. In stores and gas stations all around the united states there are machines just sitting there, filled with instant scratch off lotto tickets, All you do is put money in and pick the ticket you want. In gas stations where you have to ask the clerk to grab your ticket, have lower sales than the machines, The machines are convenient, you're...
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...is Home? In Joan Didion’s essay “On Going Home” she writes about leading a double life. She feels like one person when she’s with her husband and daughter in Los Angeles, and a completely different person when back “home” surrounded by her childhood family in the Central Valley of California. During this particular trip, she begins to reflect on her life in Los Angeles. Didion contemplates the fact that she often feels uneasy around her husband, just like he feels uneasy being around her family. At a crossroad, she must decide not only who she is, and the life she wants, but also the kind of life she wants for her daughter. Her life in Los Angeles has cleansed her from her youth—one that was dusty and full of useless trinkets. She ponders the time her husband wrote the word “D-U-S-T” on those useless trinkets and she remembers her feelings of sadness and indignation. She says, “We live in dusty houses…filled with mementos quite without value to him” (139-40). The dust-covered trinkets signify what is important to her, or what needs to be addressed in her marriage. Yet, these objects just lay there waiting for someone to see them—for someone to dust them off and care for them—not unlike how Didion wishes her husband would see her and nurture her in their marriage. Didion wonders which of her two homes is normal or if they are both flawed. When she and her husband are with her family, he becomes apprehensive about her behavior, “…because once there I fall into their ways, which...
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...Name: Joel Sanguinetti Title: All About Eve Year: 1950 Director: Joseph L. Mankiewicz Producer: Darryl F. Zanuck Three Performers: Bette Davis, Anne Baxter, George Sanders Costume/Wardrobe: Edith Head, Charles LE Maire, Sam Benson, Josephine Brown, Ann Landers, Merle Williams Hair and Make-up: Ben Nye, Bunny Gardel, Franz Prehoda, Kay Reed, Gene Roemer, Gladys Witten Set and Stage Design: Thomas Little, Walter M. Scott Musical Score Composer: Alfred Newman Cinematographer/Photographer: Milton R. Krasner Screenplay: Joseph L. Mankiewicz Original Novel, Play, or Story: Mary Orr – The Wisdom of Eve Academy Awards (Oscars) Won: 1. Best Actor in a Supporting Role – George Sanders 2. Best Costume Design, Black-and-White – Edith Head & Charles LE Maire 3. Best Director – Joseph L. Mankiewicz 4. Best Picture – 20th Century Fox 5. Best Sound, Recording – 20th Century-Fox Sound Dept. 6. Best Writing, Screenplay – Joseph L. Mankiewicz Joel Sanguinetti Mr. Skillings English 101-B4N December 19, 2011 All About Theatre Theatre has evolved in many ways throughout history. Theatre goes back to the 6th century BCE and develops its origins from Greece. Around 1750, theatre was introduced to New York, and eventually became what we now know as Broadway theatre. All About Eve, directed and written by Joseph L. Mankiewicz, is a movie based on the novel The Wisdom of Eve, written by Mary Orr. All About Eve is a movie about Broadway theatre and the harsh...
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...Major Themes in 'Much Ado About Nothing' Shakespeare’s treatment of love in Much Ado About Nothing differs from his other romantic comedies. Sure, it shares the same stagy plot, which finishes with the lovers finally getting back together, but Shakespeare also mocks the conventions of courtly love which was popular at the time. Although Claudio and Hero’s courtly marriage is central to the plot, their relationship is the least interesting thing in the play. Instead, our attention is drawn to Benedick and Beatrice’s unromantic backbiting – it is this relationship that seems more believable and enduring. By contrasting these two different types of love, Shakespeare manages to poke fun at the conventions of courtly, romantic love. Claudio uses highly contrived language when speaking of love, which is undermined by Benedick and Beatrice’s banter: “Can the world buy such a Jewel?” says Claudio of Hero. “My dear Lady disdain! Are you yet living?” says Benedick of Beatrice. As an audience, we are supposed to share Benedick’s frustration with Claudio’s transparent, pompous rhetoric of love: “He was wont to speak plain and to the purpose, like an honest man and a soldier … His words are a very fantastical banquet, just so many strange dishes.” Deception As the title suggests, there is a lot of fuss over very little in the play – after all, if Claudio wasn’t so impetuous, Don John’s rather weak plan wouldn’t have worked at all! What makes the plot so intricate is the use of deception...
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...“Much Ado About Nothing” are the victims of deception, and because they’ve been deceived is the reason they act in the ways that they do. Even though the central deception is directed against Claudio in an attempt to destroy his relationship with Hero, it is the deception pertaining to Beatrice and Benedick which is the play's main focus. Almost every character in the play at some point has to make interpretations from what he or she sees, has been told or overheard. At the same time, nearly every character in the play at some point plays a part of consciously pretending to be what they are not. (Act I, Scene I) ”Thou wilt be like a lover presently and tire the hearer with a book of words. If thou dost love fair Hero, cherish it, and I will break with her and with her father, and thou shalt have her. Was't not to this end That thou began'st to twist so fine a story?” Here is when Don Pedro tries to put a spin on words making it sound like if Claudio really wants to be with Hero, they should first trick her into believing that Don Pedro is actually Claudio. They go on forward with the idea and as Don Pedro is swooning Hero with his words and charm at the masked ball and Claudio is actually eavesdropping near-by trying to make sure everything is going according to plan. Deception is one of the focal themes throughout the play which grows out of the love game. Deceit is not evil in nature; it can be used for the purpose good or bad outcomes. “In Much Ado About Nothing” the...
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...The No Fear Shakespeare line by line translation offers a plaintive point of view of Shakespeare’s Othello. It has improved my understanding of the play as a whole and provided me with a new perspective. The most outstanding difference between the original play and the No Fear Shakespeare (NFS) text is the removal and simplification of the dialogue. Shakespeare uses a syntax that is sometimes difficult to understand, often putting the subject of a sentence after the verb. He also employs various types of figurative language such as metaphors, puns, and allusions. One benefit of reading the NFS is that it rearranges the original sentence structure to be more coherent. However, some of Shakespeare’s best work is lost in translation. While the...
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