...1 Define solar system ? Ans The region of the universe near the sun that includes the sun, the nine known major planets and their moons or satellites, and objects such as asteroids and comets that travel in independent orbits. The major planets, in order of their average distance from the sun, are Mercury, Venus, the Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. 2 What are epidemics? Ans An epidemic is the rapid spread of infectious disease to a large number of people in a given population within a short period of time, usually two weeks or less. For example, in meningococcal infections, an attack rate in excess of 15 cases per 100,000 people for two consecutive weeks is considered an epidemic. Epidemics of infectious disease are generally caused by several factors including a change in the ecology of the host population (e.g. increased stress or increase in the density of a vector species), a genetic change in the pathogen reservoir or the introduction of an emerging pathogen to a host population (by movement of pathogen or host). Generally, an epidemic occurs when host immunity to either an established pathogen or newly emerging novel pathogen is suddenly reduced below that found in the endemic equilibrium and the transmission threshold is exceeded. 3 what are geo science? The earth is in continuous change. Scientists from many branches of science are required in order to understand the large range of variations occurring in the planet. The different disciplines...
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...Shower Of Space Junk – by Bryan Lufkin 3) Chinese Space Junk Puts on a Fireball Show in U.S. Skies – by Alan Boyle (reporter) 4) A mysterious Russian space object could be the return of the ‘satellite killer’ – by Terrence McCoy (reporter) The Problem of space junk article is from “Popular Science” magazine with multiple authors who worked on this piece, however, the material coming from a well-known magazine is legitimate. A Hot Shower of Space Junk by Bryan Lufkin was from a magazine called “Wired” but neither magazine listed the author’s credentials. The newspapers have the following authors, Chinese Space Junk was written by Alan Boyle a reporter. And Terrance McCoy wrote the newspaper article about a Russian space object. The first two magazines do not go into great detail of their qualifications for each author, however, the newspaper do give a little more insight into this matter. NBC’s article states, “More than 140 observations were sent in to the American Meteor Society’s website, veteran satellite tracker Ted Molczan wrote. Also, the Washington Post also spoke of their reporter, Terrance McCoy and stated, “Terrence McCoy writes on foreign affairs for The Washington Post's Morning Mix” The focus of the first article was about the countries that had the most satellites in space, how much debris estimates from each, and the types of debris. The plans or countermeasures were related to US Strategic Command since these authors were from the USA. Article 2 was more...
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...Current Trends of Satellite Communications and Their Application in the U.S. Military Gregory McCaleb Student # 4215642 ISSC341 Professor Alan Bowen Abstract This project paper will explore the current trends in Satellite Communications (SATCOM). There will be a focus on the application of SATCOM in the U.S. Military. The U.S. Military implements SATCOM in many ways and this paper will outline some of the current uses and capabilities of the technology. This paper will explore publications on the topic of Satellite Communications and list the differences in commercial versus military uses. Current Trends of Satellite Communications and Their Application in the U.S. Military Satellite Communications is a broad sense is sending data from one point to another point by means of a satellite in orbit. A satellite, by definition, is an object that orbits the Earth. There are natural satellites and there are artificial satellites. An example of a natural satellite would be the Moon. Coincidentally, the Moon was the first satellite used for data transmission when the United States Navy successfully conducted Operation Moon Bounce in the 1950s. Since this success, we have created artificial satellites that we can place in strategic locations and use satellite communications to its full power. The first artificial satellite ever produced and launched was Sputnik 1. Sputnik 1 was launched by the Soviet Union in 1957. The satellite orbited the earth for 92 days,...
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...activity would be at a high point then. In October of 1954 the council called for artificial satellites to be launched during IGY to map out the Earth’s surface. In July 1955 the White House announced plans to launch an Earth orbiting satellite for the IGY and made proposals to government research agencies to undertake development of new satellites. The Naval Research Laboratory’s Vanguard proposal was chosen to represent the United States in September 1955. On October 4, 1957 the Soviets successfully launched Sputnik I, the world’s first artificial satellite. Sputnik was about the size of a basketball, weighed about one hundred and eighty pounds, and took ninety eight minutes to launch into Earth’s elliptical path. The launch of Sputnik changed the space race dramatically. The Sputnik, a big technological achievement, caught the United States off guard and captured the attention of the whole world. Sputnik’s size was bigger than Vanguard’s proposal of 3.5 pounds and was very impressive. On November 3, 1957 the Soviets launched another satellite named Sputnik 2 II, which was much heavier and even included a dog named Laika. Immediately after the launch of Sputnik I, the United State’s defense department responded by approving funding for another satellite project, the Explorer, headed by Werner von Braun. On July 31, 1958 the United States successfully launched the Explorer I satellite, which discovered the magnetic radiation belts around the Earth. The Sputnik launch also...
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... | Abstract Satellite technology, will be my main focus. Satellite Technology not only is used in everyday civilian live but also everyday law enforcement. GPS is vital in apprehending and finding suspects. I am interested in what the future of implementing this technology may hold. Satellites also are important for communication, which does organize and save lives. Identify and describe a future information technology that you believe will create a paradigm shift. Identify and describe the domain in which the shift will occur. Explain the technology, how it works, and how it is different from what we have today. Give at least five (5) reasons why the technology will create a shift. Satellites It’s important to note how satellites work, the history behind its creation, and finally how satellites are used past to present. There are different types of satellites which are devised for a specific task; examples are astronomy satellites, atmospheric satellites, communication satellites, navigation satellites, reconnaissance satellites, remote sensing satellites, and search and rescue satellites. Emerging satellites that are most relevant to law enforcement and Homeland security use communication, navigation, and sometimes recon satellites; so those are the only satellites which will be discussed. Anik E is an example of a communication satellite, Navstar for a navigation satellite, and Big Bird for a recon satellite. Satellites are an emerging technology...
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...human’s excrements. It’s not a pretty place what we image. We cost a lot time on fixing our aircraft, because when some little space debris hit it, we need to fix it. And also, we get lost all the time. We follow the way what the map shows to us. But some of them are blocked by debris, we have to change the direction. Jack and his family hope that scientists can clean up the space and give them a beautiful world. So what are these debris? Where are they from? How can we solve these? Why space debris? Because that the space is getting messy. Space trash is a big problem. The amount of debris orbiting keep growing ever single year. disrupting satellites and occasionally putting astronauts in harm’s way. if the problem gets severe enough, it should eventually make low-earth orbit unusable. Since 1970s, some scientists have been worrying about the space debris. How fast the space debris orbiting the Earth?...
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...The Space Race was a competition between the Soviet Union and the United States for supremacy in space exploration from 1957-1975 . The Cold War rivalry between the two nations focused on being firsts in space exploration to show a sign of superiority. The Space Race involved launching satellites, suborbital and orbital human spaceflight around the Earth, and manned flights to the Moon. It first began with the Soviet Union’s launch of the Sputnik 1 satellite on October 4. 1957, and ended with the Apollo-Soyuz human spaceflight mission in July 1975. The Apollo-Soyuz project symbolized an easing in the relationship between the Soviet Union and the US. The Space Race was originally a missile-based arms race that occurred just after the end of the World War 2. The Space Race all began in Germany during the beginning of the 1930s and continued during World War II when Germany researched and built ballistic missiles. Starting in the early 1930s, German aerospace engineers experimented with liquid-fueled rockets hoping they would be capable of reaching high altitudes and going long distances. The head of the German Army's Ballistics Branch, Lieutenant Colonel Karl Emil Becker, created a team of engineers to figure out how to use rockets as long-range artillery in order to get around the Treaty of Versailles' ban on research and development of long-range cannons. At the end of the war, American, British, and Soviet scientific intelligence teams competed to capture Germany's rocket engineers...
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...FREQUENCY is the maximum frequency that a radio wave can be transmitted vertically and still be refracted back to Earth. The CRITICAL ANGLE is the maximum and/or minimum angle that a radio wave can be transmitted and still be refracted back to Earth. In radio transmission maximum usable frequency (MUF) is the highest radio frequency that can be used for transmission between two points via reflection from the ionosphere ( skywave or "skip" propagation) at a specified time, independent of transmitter power. This index is especially useful in regard to shortwave transmissions. #32. Maximum useable Frequency. #33. Critical angle Frequency. #42 A communications satellite or comsat is an artificial satellite sent to space for the purpose of telecommunications. #43. A geostationary satellite is an earth-orbiting satellite, placed at an altitude of approximately 35,800 kilometers (22,300 miles) directly over the...
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...Published On: Sun, Feb 9th, 2014 Top 10 | By Muhammad Mehboob Top 10 Fastest Motorcycles In The World of 2014 The demand and use of faster motorcycles is increasing day by day because people were get full entertainment through motorcycles. Motorcycles are the most common medium of transport from one place to another place. Top Ten Faster Motorcycles in the World 1. Dodge Tomahawk This is one of the best motorcycles in all over the world. The speed of this motorcycle is too crazy. People were get full entertainment by riding this faster motorcycle. In the list of top ten faster motorcycles in 2014, this faster motorcycle is deserved at the 1st number. 2. Suzuki Hayabusa This is very good looking and stylish motorcycles in all over the world, there is great demand of this motorcycle in all over the world. In the list of top ten faster motorcycles in 2014, this faster motorcycle is deserved at the 2nd number. 3. MTT Turbine Superbike Y2K In the list of top ten faster motorcycles in 2014, this faster motorcycle is deserved at the 3rd number. People are getting full entertainment through this motorcycle. Is can reach a top speed of 227 MPH and generates 320 HP at 52.000 RPM. 4. Honda CBR1100XX Blackbird This motorcycle is one of the world faster motorcycles. The demand is increasing day by day in all over the world. In the list of top ten faster motorcycles in 2014, this faster motorcycle is deserved at the 4th number. It has a top speed of 190 MPH. 5...
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...during the 20th |radio, television, computers, the Internet, the paper copier, communications satellites, | |century? |and mobile phones. | | |Radios made it possible for people to hear the news and weather all over the world without| | |the use of a television. The television allowed people to not only hear the information | | |but also see it as well. I do not think anyone anticipated the current technological | | |developments associated with televisions today. | | |During the end of the 20th century the Internet or World Wide Web was born. The Internet | | |has many uses but one of the most important is that it is an advanced way for people to | | |communicate, whether through e-mail, instant messaging, or video chats. The first single | | |chip microprocessor was built by Intel in 1971. Ten years later the laptop was created. | | |Computers have changed everything about the way people live their lives today. | |...
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...COMMUNITY MUSIC LESSONS IMPROVE MINDS OF DISADVANTAGED KIDS SUMMARY This article is written by Shereen Lehman. It was about music lessons can improve the minds of children. Community based music lessons for disadvantaged youth can have positive biological effects on their brains. The children were actively playing instruments themselves rather than passively listening to others’ music. In this article, it explained that the children between the ages six and nine participated in the study published in the Journal of Neuroscience. They all went to public schools and lived in gang-reduction zones of Los Angeles. The children were split it into two groups. One group started lessons right away. For two hours per week, they received training in music fundamentals and learning to play the recorder. Most kids progressed to group instruction with instruments after six months. The second group waited a year before starting lessons. Each year the research team evaluated the children’s ability to process speech. Children who took lessons for two years showed improvements in their ability to distinguish similar sounds. However, these changes were not apparent after only one year. The music deeply engages the emotional system of the brain and children learn best when they’re excited about things. COMMENT Music is an art form whose medium is sound. It is about melody and harmony. Music is something that known as universal language. Regardless of where are you from and what your background...
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...translated to traveling companion, was the first satellite shot into orbit by the R7 rocket. Sputnik was about the size of a beach ball weighing around 200 pounds. It was launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome at Tyuratam in Kazakhstan, a former part of the Soviet Union. Once launched it transmitted a small beeping noise, awaring us to its coordinates. The long term effect in the sputnik is that it got people interested in space and how space programs run today. There was also the “missle gap” which people believe the sputnik inspired. It also inspired people to take more time and interest in building satellites. The United States government knew about the Sputnik but at the time, they refused to let America know that they know. “The sputnik ascent surprised the United States and press, is now common knowledge”- Sputnik and US intelligence:The Warning Record Amy Ryan and Gary Keeley. The thought that our government was in the dark...
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...always been fascinated by the concept of outer space and what lies beyond our Earth. Mankind’s innate curiosity has inspired numerous technological advancements that have made it possible for humans to travel into space and explore what was previously only the subject of dreams and imagination. Early writings such as The Brick Moon by Edward Everett Hale illustrate how little was actually known about outer space, and the physical and practical limitations humans must overcome to escape Earth’s gravity. The Brick Moon is a science fiction short story written in the 1800s and it is one of the first known writings to describe the construction and launch of not only an artificial satellite, but also a space station (Wikipedia, 2011). The story The Brick Moon outlines some of the building blocks for modern day space technology and travel but the approach used in the book is impractical for real world application. The Brick Moon is written from the perspective of one of the main characters and recounts how he and his friends planned, funded, constructed, and eventually launched a satellite or manmade “moon” into space. The purpose of the Brick Moon was to act as a navigational aid for ships at sea. The idea was based around the North Star, which sailors used as a guide to determine their latitudinal location; the inventors wanted to launch the Brick Moon to orbit along the Prime Meridian so that sailors could just as easily gauge their longitudinal location (Hale, 1869). The characters...
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...Dedication…………………………………………………………..01 2. Background…………………………………………………………02 3. Acknowledgement………………………………………………….03 4. Abstract.....................................................................................…….04 5. Introduction………………………………………………….….. 05 6. Introduction to Technology……………………………….……. 06 7. Introduction to Wireless Communication……………….……….06 8. Definition of Wireless………………………………………..……..07 9. Wireless Communication Model……………………………..……07 10. Wireless Communication Technologies……………………..……08 11. Wireless Usage……………………………………………..……….10 12. Wireless Security…………………………………………..……….10 13. Security about……………………………………………….……...11 14. Role of Security…………………………………………………….11 15. Wireless Devices…………………………………………….……...13 16. Wireless Prices……………………………………………….……..14 17. Wireless Devices Availability………………….…………………..14 18. Wireless Devices Manufacturers………………………….………14 19. Wireless Service Companies………………………………………15 20. Conclusion…………………………………………………………..15 21. Reference……………………………………………………………16 Dedication We dedicate this project to our loving parents whose prayers are always with us. Furthermore, We confer this project to all the teachers in our whole educational career. Along with all we, bestow our project to some special personalities...
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...Scientific literacy has been impacted to by the Nasa through various documentaries, Posts on the websites, articles and books. The scientific literacy evolution has therefore played a major role in ensuring that humans can effectively be transformed and made to understand and try to conquer space in their zeal for the protective role among many other roles it plays for NASA. Communication about NASA NASA has over the time communicated with various parties primarily through the satellite. NASA sent the first satellite on the earth’s orbit which was a major boost in enhancing communication globally. NASA as an integral part of the world communication primarily bases its communication on the basis of messages travelling via space in a similar manner as radio waves. NASA communicates its information primarily through the satellite which has a wider coverage. This is because NASA communicates information far and wide from both the inner and the outer space. Through the various activities undertaken by NASA it has placed it as the world number one communication channel due to the various satellites in the orbit that aid in communication in the whole world. NASA spaceships are designed and equipped with special radio receivers which have the potential to transmit radio service over wide distances including space. Nasa therefore is expected to continue revolutionizing space...
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