...The two countries, Canada and the USA, used to have the same health care system late in the 1970s. Canada changed its system in the after 1970s. The public policy analyst, public health, and government always make the comparison of the health care system in the two countries. The USA spent uses a lot of money on the health care services as compared to Canada. For examples, in 2005, the per-capita spending on health care services was approximately US$3,679. In the USA, it was approximately US$6,715. In the same year, the USA spent around 15.4% of GDP on health care services. In Canada, the health care spending accounted GDP was around 10.0%. During this period, the 75% of the health care spending was supported by the government in Canada (Barbera...
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...Access and Coverage Nearly 47 million Americans are uninsured. Hospitals are the health care safety net for the nation. Every day the caregivers in America's hospitals see that the absence of coverage is a significant barrier to getting people the right care, at the right time, in the right setting. American Hospital Association’s goal is to help people obtain health coverage, help businesses offer health coverage to employees, and ensure access to essential services. (aha.org) The term health insurance is commonly used to describe any program that helps pay for medical expenses, whether through privately purchased insurance, social insurance or a non-insurance social welfare program funded by the government. Health Insurance or Healthcare in the United States is provided by many different entities. Health care facilities are mostly owned and operated by the private sector. Health insurance is now primarily provided by the government in the public sector, with 60-65% of healthcare provision and spending coming from programs such as Medicare, Medicaid, Tricare, the Children's Health Insurance Program, and the Veterans Health Administration. (healthpaconline.net) The U.S. Census Bureau reported that a record 50.7 million residents of the population were uninsured in 2009. More money per person is spent on health care in the USA than in any other nation in the world. Despite everyone not having health insurance, the USA has the third highest public healthcare expenditure per...
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...Reflect on the influence and effect of health care in your life. What questions or concerns have you developed about health care delivery in the United States? Think about your experiences in one or more of the following roles: * Patient/consumer * Friend or family member * Health services professional * Member of your local, national, and global communities Health care delivery is a service received in a health service organization when it needed. In fact, it has a great influence in my life. Cause in order to stay healthy and then prevent certain diseases, as a patient, I have to go to my physician to make check-ups every month. In that case, I have to have a medical insurance, facing the market for price and quality. Health care delivery system in United States, however, faces a lot of challenges and changes over decades; mainly in response to concerns, regarding cost, access, and quality (Leiyu S. & Douglas A. 2012).Cost ,access and quality are three major cornerstones of health care delivery (Al-Assaf 1993a). Why do not United States have a national health system that can give free access to everybody? With these thoughts in mind, review this week’s Learning Resources. Consider the following questions: * Why is health care such an important field? (Consider this question from your personal perspective, as well as from a societal perspective.) First of all, it is an important field because it keep the population or the community safe of chronic...
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...prevalent in the USA in early 1980’s when the center for disease control recognized a rare virus among five healthy gay men. “This marked the first official reports of what became known as the AIDS epidemic.” ( http://aids.gov/hiv-aids-basics/hiv-aids-101/aids-timeline/) AIDS/HIV is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The rapid spread of this virus is largely due to unprotected sex, blood transfusions, IV drug use, and mother to child. A lack of education, social economics, and access to health care are among the major factors that play a large role in this Global epidemic. Underdeveloped countries such as South Africa, Brazil, and Kenya are among some of the largest prevalence. The United States is not excluded from the list of countries facing this wide spread disease. This disease has no boundaries and affects every country. The lack of education in the subject of how the virus spreads as well as the lack of literacy in a nation is an important factor in the spread of the HIV virus. Due to the high stigmatization of people living with HIV and the world wide misunderstanding of the disease causes many people and governments to just ignore this disease. Fear of the unknown adds to the fuel and causes an ignorance or toleration to the epidemic. Many governments are working hard to add sex education programs in public schools. This will target children in underdeveloped countries like South Africa as well as developed countries such as USA and produce a more...
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...that the combined interaction of these environmental forces influences the course of health care delivery in the United states. The main characteristics of the U.S health care systems : No central governing agency and little integration and co-ordination Technology driven delivery system focusing an acute care High on cost, unequal in access, average in outcome. Delivery of health care under imperfect market condition Legal risks...
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...enter the USA territories without the required documents are viewed as more of law breakers than ordinary people seeking refuge from given hardships they were experiencing at their native countries. This notion has led to the denial of most of the social services the general populations do receive from the government. However, there is need to know that among the undocumented immigrants, there are genuine cases of people seeking refuge while others are people running away from conviction due to breaching of the laws of their native states. The problem arises in differentiating the two categories. There is need to extend social services to the undocumented immigrants as they are people just like the ordinary citizens. These people need these services because: it is unethical to deny them, they are productive to the economy, it is healthy and it is a boost to sound international relations. Being an illegal immigrant should not deter one from accessing education facilities. Education equips the learners with skills to contribute positively to the labor market. Failure to do this will eventually lead to the increase in poverty and crime rates. In other cases, these people may be denied the right to access public facilities including the means of transport, which is both unethical and or impractical (Immigration.procon.org). In such a scenario, it becomes easy for a legal migrant to suffer the same way as the illegal immigrants. The presence of illegal immigrants in the USA has positive...
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...http://www.medicalnewstoday.com. According to http://www.businessinsider.com USA actually has some of the highest obesity rates in the world, and in this text I am going to look at some of the reasons why. The obesity does not just harm a specific part of the people, it harms everyone. Over a third of the American adults and almost 20% of the teenagers is obese. (http://edition.cnn.com) All this obesity has to come at a cost, not only personally but also economically. In this text I am going to look at some reasons to obesity, look at statistics and also talk about the future of obesity. For major parts of the American people, obesity is not a choice. Many are raised up in a poor family who do not have the resources to buy their kids or themselves healthy meals. 14,8 % of the American population live in poverty, that equals to around 47 million people. (http://talkpoverty.org/basics/) This is one of the biggest causes to obesity. Poor people have a lot less access to healthy and nutritious food. (http://frac.org/) Therefor I would say that obesity and poverty is strongly connected. According to USDA, a vehicle is one of the most important things for a family to access healthy food. Also, if you live in an urban low-income neighborhood the chances of there being a good grocery store with high quality food and low-fat products are slim. But even if a family live nearby a healthy store or have access to a vehicle, they still could remain obese. Because...
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...and compare two health care systems in the USA, the GPs and NHS systems, the relation between expenditure on these systems and efficiency of them. Another aim of the essay is to compare heath care systems in different countries and find out whether the dominance of public or private spending is optimal for the society; here the comparison between UK and USA health care system will be appropriate. Question #2 In the USA nowadays the Private Health Insurance system is the major provider of health care cervices. Is this situation adequate to the demands of the tax payers and is it effective for different categories of people who need medical treatment? Should the ratio between private and public sectors in health care be changed and should the organization of both systems be reformed? Let us first of all define what is health. These can be two ways to define it: 1) Negative: the absence of disease 2) Positive: “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being.” (World Health Organization, 1946). Therefore we can outline two aims of health policy: to improve health and to reduce health inequalities. In terms of the first definition, the US health care system is efficient. In terms of the world-accepted definition, the second one, the US health care system is expensive and in many cases not efficient. Let us analyze the relation between costs and effectiveness in this system. First of all let us trace the development and progress of both health care systems. The basis for...
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...compare heath care systems in different countries and find out whether the dominance of public or private spending is optimal for the society; here the comparison between UK and USA health care system will be appropriate. Question #2 In the USA nowadays the Private Health Insurance system is the major provider of health care services. Is this situation adequate to the demands of the tax payers and is it effective for different categories of people who need medical treatment? Should the ratio between private and public sectors in health care be changed and should the organization of both systems be reformed? Let us first of all define what is health. These can be two ways to define it: 1) Negative: the absence of disease 2) Positive: “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being.” (World Health Organization, 1946) Therefore we can outline two aims of health policy: to improve health and to reduce health inequalities. In terms of the first definition, the US health care system is efficient. In terms of the world-accepted definition, the second one, the US health care system is expensive and in many cases not efficient. Let us analyze the relation between costs and effectiveness in this system. First of all let us trace the development and progress of both health care systems. The basis for current health care system was established after the World war II, when private doctors were serving most of the market. The traditional perception of health care as one of the...
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...We can deduce that quality of living are better in the USA, UK, New Zealand and the Czech Republic as these are the 4 countries with the highest National income per capita and the ones that seem like reasonable places to live. The USA is, according to the GNI per capita statistics, the country with the best living conditions with $43740, however, this is not necessarily accurate as the US has no free health care system and high crime rates among other faults which makes the worlds largest economy weak compared to the UK and New Zealand where the GNI may not be as high as America’s but people have longer life expectancy, less crime and free health care... China, which is by far the most populated country in the list, and in the world, has the GNI per capita $1740, which is pretty pathetic. China is an up and coming country economically, however there are serious issues that need to be addressed before you can call the giant a reasonable place to live and be treated like an equal. It is very difficult to compare Tanzania, Kenya, and Pakistan to the other nations simply for the lack of products and capital in these countries. Even though there might be raw goods in the countries with great possibility, these countries are run by corrupt governments where the lack of capital makes it difficult for growth to be a reality. This makes it obvious that the standard of living in these countries is terribly bad. The four top countries in the list have a percentage that is next to nothing...
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...Access to health care varies across countries, groups, and individuals, largely influenced by social and economic conditions as well as the health policies in place. Countries and jurisdictions have different policies and plans in relation to the personal and population-based health care goals within their societies. Health care systems are organizations established to meet the health needs of target populations. Their exact configuration varies from country to country. In some countries and jurisdictions, health care planning is distributed among market participants, whereas in others planning is made more centrally among governments or other coordinating bodies. In all cases, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), a well-functioning health care system requires a robust financing mechanism; a well-trained and adequately-paid workforce; reliable information on which to base decisions and policies; and well maintained facilities and logistics to deliver quality medicines and technologies.[1] Health care can contribute to a significant part of a country's economy. In 2011, the health care industry consumed an average of 9.3 percent of the GDP or US$ 3,322 (PPP-adjusted) per capita across the 34 members of OECD countries. The USA (17.7%, or US$ PPP 8,508), the Netherlands (11.9%, 5,099), France (11.6%, 4,118), Germany (11.3%, 4,495), Canada (11.2%, 5669), and Switzerland (11%, 5,634) were the top spenders, however life expectancy in total population at birth was highest...
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...Asians in Health Jonathan Hansen 12/21/14 In the USA healthcare has become of a major focus. The US Census states that there are various groups considered minorities. (CDC) The census shows that 36.3 percent of the population in the USA belongs to one of the minority groups. (CDC) Having known what it is like to be part of these minority groups, it comes to know surprise that Asian’s appear on this list. The first Asians to immigrate to the USA were the Japanese in 1843. (CDC) Asians are found in every state, and every side of both health outcomes and socioeconomic statuses. (CDC) There are myths surrounding the Asian Americans. Many believe that all Asian Americans are wealthy, well- educated, and live great and glorious lifestyles. (AAHI, 2005) This is far from the case, with this group being one of the fastest growing populations in the US, over one million of them live in poverty. Poverty increases the risk of health problems due to the lack of education (on health promotion), access to care, insurance, and cultural beliefs. (AAHI, 2005) Poverty creates many complications in one’s health and recuperation from illness. Like any other minority group, Asians often won’t seek out healthcare for fear of being deported and not understanding what the health problem is. To this day many Asian Americans do not understand western medicine and prefer traditional remedies and treatments over seeing a doctor or taking a pill. (Louie, K. 2001) Asian’s suffer from various diseases...
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...Running head: LIVER TRANSPLANTS AND ACCESS FOR BLACK PATIENTS Liver Transplants and Access for Black Patients Liver Transplants and Access for Black Patients Introduction There have been over 1,600 people who died waiting for liver transplants. The shortage of donated livers for the 16,000 people who continue to wait is growing. The national registry, United Network of Organ Sharing, is in charge of the liver allocation system and has been under fire to make the system equal among all the recipients. In 2002, the old system was scrapped, and a new system called Model of End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) was developed. (USA Today, 2008). This paper reveals a recent study done to assess the new liver allocation, MELD system. Concerns regarding the equality of the new system to the listed recipients are questionable. Disparities were found from previous research studies of the old system, and researchers were asked to create a new system that is equal for all. The newspaper article discusses the new study and its findings. (USA Today, 2008). The federal government called for a new system of liver allocation after study findings suggested the old system favored white patients over black patients waiting on a liver transplant. In a study done by Duke University, the new MELD system finding show blacks now have a greater chance of survival than with the old system. The old and new systems require...
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...The Need for a National Health Care Plan in the United States Working in the health care industry for the past thirty years has permitted me to gain first hand, up close and personal knowledge of the health care system in our country. Dealing with the facets of humanity over the past ten years who have no health care coverage, or those who are aided by the state in which they live has led me to form a definite opinion’s about the necessity for a national health care plan. My thought process about the national health plan has evolved around major components of health care, affordability, accessibility, and quality of care. At a time in society when the United States is trying to bounce back from deep recession, a joblessness rate hovering around eight percent, homelessness, and so many underemployed among other things we have the tenacity to engage in an ongoing debate over the need for national healthcare national healthcare. While I understand that a great deal of my fellow citizens feel that a national health care plan is not necessary, I feel that given information that may not have been accessed by them a common ground can be reached and the validity of the need solidly established. The United States is the only remaining industrialized nation without a national health plan is it any wonder that we feel privileged enough even to argue the issue. Jobless, homeless, underemployed, members of our society would gladly step to the podium and proclaim they are unable to...
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...------------------------------------------------- Nirma Limited * Nirma is one of the few names - which is instantly recognized as a true Indian brand, which took on mighty multinationals and rewrote the marketing rules to win the heart of princess, i.e. the consumer. * Nirma, the proverbial ‘Rags to Riches’ saga of Dr. Karsanbhai Patel, is a classic example of the success of Indian entrepreneurship in the face of stiff competition. * Starting as a one-man operation in 1969, today, it has about 14, 000 employee-base and annual turnover is above Rs. 25, 00 crores. * Largest player in Indian detergent market with share of 38% * Second largest toilet soap marketer of India with market share of 20% * 35 Depots, More than 2000 distributors, 2 million retailers and 400 million end users History:- Era of 1969- 1980 * The root of Nirma was established in 1969, when Karsanbhai Patel started door-to-door selling of his detergent powder, priced at an astonishing Rs. 3 per kg, when the available cheapest rand in the market was Rs. 13 per kg. * It was really an innovative, quality product – with indigenous process, packaging and low-profiled marketing, which changed the habit of Indian housewives’ for washing their clothes. * In a short span, Nirma created an entirely new market segment in domestic marketplace 1980:- * Private limited company was formed * The performance of Nirma during the decade of 1980s has been labelled as ‘Marketing...
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