...CHAPTER 1 AUDITING AND THE PUBLIC ACCOUNTING PROFESSION – INTEGRITY OF FINANCIAL REPORTING |LEARNING CHECK | 1. SEVERAL COMMON ATTRIBUTES OF ACTIVITIES DEFINED AS AUDITING ARE (A) SYSTEMATIC PROCESS, (B) OBJECTIVELY OBTAINING AND EVALUATING EVIDENCE, (C) ASSERTIONS ABOUT ECONOMIC ACTIONS AND EVENTS, (D) DEGREE OF CORRESPONDENCE, (E) ESTABLISHED CRITERIA, (F) COMMUNICATING THE RESULTS, AND (G) INTERESTED USERS. 2. A financial statement audit involves obtaining and evaluating evidence about an entity's financial statements for the purpose of expressing an opinion on whether the statements are presented fairly in conformity with established criteria--usually GAAP. Thus, the nature of the auditor's report is an opinion on the fairness of the financial statement presentation. A compliance audit involves obtaining and evaluating evidence to determine whether certain financial or operating activities of an entity conform to specified conditions, rules, or regulations. A report on a compliance audit takes the form of a summary of findings or assurance regarding degree of compliance. An operational audit involves obtaining and evaluating evidence about the efficiency and effectiveness of an entity's operating activities in relation to specified objectives. Reports on such audits include an assessment of efficiency and effectiveness and recommendations for improvements. 3. Independent auditors are individual practitioners or members of public...
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...March 2012 This Auditing and Assurance Bulletin has been prepared by Auditing and Assurance staff. It has not been issued under the authority of the Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (AASB). This Auditing and Assurance Bulletin is intended to help raise practitioners’ awareness in a timely manner of significant new or emerging issues or other noteworthy circumstances related to engagements addressed by the AASB pronouncements. It is also meant to direct practitioners to relevant requirements, application and other explanatory material in the CICA Handbook – Assurance. auditing and assurance FOR PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS PERFORMING AUDIT AND REVIEW ENGAGEMENTS BULLETIN Staff contact Chi Ho Ng, CA, CPA(IL), MBA Principal Auditing and Assurance Standards Department 277 Wellington Street West Toronto, ON M5V 3H2 Tel: (416) 204-3443 E-mail: chiho.ng@cica.ca Fax : (416) 204-3408 Auditing Considerations in an Uncertain Economic Environment Uncertainties in the current economic environment There is a possibility that the Canadian economy may weaken in the near term. This has been noted in various sources, including the economic forecast for Canada issued by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. Heightened risks from renewed financial-market turmoil linked to the European sovereign debt crisis and high levels of household indebtedness are eroding consumer confidence. In January 2009, staff of the Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (AASB) issued...
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...board has provided the accompanying explanations. Please note that the AICPA generally releases questions that it does NOT intend to use again. These questions and content may or may not be representative of questions you may see on any upcoming exams. 2006 AICPA Newly-Released Auditing Questions An auditor observes the mailing of monthly statements to a client's customers and reviews evidence of follow-up on errors reported by the customers. This test of controls most likely is performed to support management's financial statement assertions of: Presentation and disclosure Yes Yes No No Existence or occurrence Yes No Yes No a. b. c. d. ANSWER: Choice "c" is correct. In testing the existence or occurrence assertion, the auditor is concerned that fictitious or overstated receivables may have been recorded. Observing the mailing of monthly statements and reviewing evidence of follow-up on errors reported by customers provides evidence that procedures are in place to identify and correct such errors. Choice "a" is incorrect. Observing the mailing of monthly statements and reviewing evidence of follow-up on errors reported by customers does not provide any assurance regarding how receivables are presented and disclosed in the financial statements. Choice "b" is incorrect. Observing the mailing of monthly statements and reviewing evidence of follow-up on errors reported by customers provides support for the existence or occurrence assertion, but does not provide evidence...
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...STATEMENT AUDITING Answers to Review Questions 1-1 The study of auditing is more conceptual in nature compared to other accounting courses. Rather than focusing on learning the rules, techniques, and computations required to prepare financial statements, auditing emphasizes learning a framework of analytical and logical skills to evaluate the relevance and reliability of the systems and processes responsible for financial information, as well as the information itself. To be successful, students must learn the framework and then learn to use logic and common sense in applying auditing concepts to various circumstances and situations. Understanding auditing can improve the decision making ability of consultants, business managers, and accountants by providing a framework for evaluating the usefulness and reliability of information. 1-2 There is a demand for auditing in a free-market economy because the agency relationship between an absentee owner and a manager produces a natural conflict of interest due to the information asymmetry that exists between the owner and manager. As a result, the agent agrees to be monitored as part of his/her employment contract. Auditing appears to be a cost-effective form of monitoring. The empirical evidence suggests auditing was demanded prior to government regulation such as statutory audit requirements. Additionally, many private companies and other entities not subject to government auditing regulations also demand auditing. 1-3 ...
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...material may be consulted during this examination subject to the limitations advised on the Institute’s website. Reading Format During the reading time you may write notes on the examination paper but you may not commence writing in your answer booklet. Marks Marks for each question are shown. A mark of 50 or more is required to achieve a pass in this paper. Answers Start your answer to each question on a new page. You are reminded that candidates are expected to pay particular attention to their communication skills. Care must be taken regarding the format and literacy of the solutions. The marking system will take into account the content of the candidates’ answers and the extent to which the answers are supported with relevant legislation, case law or examples where appropriate. Answer Booklets List on the cover of each answer booklet, in the space provided the number of each question attempted. Additional instructions are shown on the front cover of each answer booklet. The Institute of Certified Public Accountants in Ireland, 17 Harcourt Street, Dublin 2. THE INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS IN IRELAND AUDIT PRACTICE PROFESSIONAL 2 EXAMINATION - APRIL 2010 Time allowed: 3.5 hours plus 20 minutes to read the paper. Section A: Answer Question 1 and Section B: Answer any two from Questions 2,3 and 4....
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...AUO1 – Auditing and Information Systems Additional Study Questions Accounting Information Systems Competency 302.1.1: Nature and Purpose The student understands the nature and purpose of information systems. * What is the difference between transaction processing systems, management information systems, and decision support systems? Transaction processing systems - document financial activities Management information systems - used to collect qualitative as well as quantitative information for decision making within organizations Decision support systems - help the developers of an AIS identify what information they need for their planning, decision making, and control functions * How is a flowchart used? A document flowchart traces the physical flow of documents through an organization—that is, the flow of documents from the departments, groups, or individuals who first created them to their final destinations. * How is the accounting information system documented? An accounting information system is a collection of data and processing procedures that creates needed information for its users. An information system's components: Data or information is input, processed, and output as information for planning, decision-making, and control purposes. Nine reasons to document an AIS are (1) to explain how the system works, (2) to train others, (3) to help developers design new systems, (4) to control system development and maintenance costs, (5) to standardize...
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...Ashley Richardson 11/15/2013 Western Governors University AUO1 – Auditing and Information Systems Additional Study Questions/ Study Guide 1. Accounting Information Systems Competency 302.1.1: Nature and Purpose The student understands the nature and purpose of information systems. * What is the difference between transaction processing systems, management information systems, and decision support systems? 2. Transaction processing systems - document financial activities 3. Management information systems - used to collect qualitative as well as quantitative information for decision making within organizations 4. Decision support systems - help the developers of an AIS identify what information they need for their planning, decision making, and control functions * How is a flowchart used? 5. A document flowchart traces the physical flow of documents through an organization—that is, the flow of documents from the departments, groups, or individuals who first created them to their final destinations. * How is the accounting information system documented? 6. An accounting information system is a collection of data and processing procedures that creates needed information for its users. An information system's components: Data or information is input, processed, and output as information for planning, decision-making, and control purposes. 1. Data flow diagrams provide both a physical and a logical view of a system...
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...AUDITING THEORY TESTBANKS / REVIEWERS 1. When an auditor believes that an understanding with the client has not been established, he or she should ordinarily a. Perform the audit with increase professional skepticism. b. Decline to accept or perform the audit. c. Assess control risk at the maximum level and perform a primarily substantive audit. d. Modify the scope of the audit to reflect an increased risk of material misstatement due to fraud. 2. An auditor should design the written audit program so that a. All material transactions will be selected for substantive testing. b. Substantive tests prior to the balance sheet date will be minimized. c. The audit procedures selected will achieve specific audit objectives. d. Each account balance will be tested under either tests of controls or tests of transactions. 3. Which of the following fraudulent activities most likely could be perpetrated due to the lack of effective internal controls in the revenue cycle? a. Fictitious transactions may be recorded that cause an understatement of revenues and overstatement of receivables. b. Claim received from customers for goods returned may be intentionally recorded in other customer’s accounts. c. Authorization of credit memos by personnel who receive cash may permit the misappropriation of cash. d. The failure to prepare shipping documents may cause an overstatement of inventory balances. 4. Accepting an engagement to examine an entity’s financial...
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...AUDITING THEORY TESTBANKS / REVIEWERS 1. When an auditor believes that an understanding with the client has not been established, he or she should ordinarily a. Perform the audit with increase professional skepticism. b. Decline to accept or perform the audit. c. Assess control risk at the maximum level and perform a primarily substantive audit. d. Modify the scope of the audit to reflect an increased risk of material misstatement due to fraud. 2. An auditor should design the written audit program so that a. All material transactions will be selected for substantive testing. b. Substantive tests prior to the balance sheet date will be minimized. c. The audit procedures selected will achieve specific audit objectives. d. Each account balance will be tested under either tests of controls or tests of transactions. 3. Which of the following fraudulent activities most likely could be perpetrated due to the lack of effective internal controls in the revenue cycle? a. Fictitious transactions may be recorded that cause an understatement of revenues and overstatement of receivables. b. Claim received from customers for goods returned may be intentionally recorded in other customer’s accounts. c. Authorization of credit memos by personnel who receive cash may permit the misappropriation of cash. d. The failure to prepare shipping documents may cause an overstatement of inventory balances. 4. Accepting an engagement to examine...
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...Solutions Manual to accompany ACCOUNTING: an introduction Compiled by D. Harvey and M. Jenner Chapter 1 - Introduction to Accounting and Finance Suggested Solutions Discussion Questions 1.1 The AASB Framework suggests the report users need to be both competent and diligent. Therefore, it is not assumed that financial reports will be readily read and understood by the lay readers, but rather that the readers will be proficient in accounting and finance (aptitude and application). 1.2 Basically comprised of: a) Transactions – buy; sell; borrow; lend b) Transformations – convert raw materials via labour and overhead to finished goods c) Other economic events – natural disasters (flood; fire); economic events (recession; inflation); regulation (exchange rate restrictions; import restrictions; banned substances). This relates to usefully repacking the financial data: a) Classify b) Summarise c) Record Financial reports a) Statement of Comprehensive Income (Financial Performance) b) Statement of Cash Flows c) Statement of Financial Position 1.3 Planning is concerned with providing direction for future activity. Control can be defined as compelling events to conform to the plan. 1.4 The organisations’ mission represents its...
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...Glossary oF Accounting, Finance and Economic Terms Accounting – pages 1‐7 and 8 Finance – page 7 Economics – page 7 ACCOUNTING: http://www.alpineguild.com/glossary_of_important.htm Account ‐‐ a record of financial transactions; usually refers to a specific category or type, such as travel expense account or purchase account. Accountant ‐‐ a person who trained to prepare and maintain financial records. Accounting ‐‐ a system for keeping score in business, using dollars. Accounting period ‐‐ the period of time over which profits are calculated. Normal accounting periods are months, quarters, and years (fiscal or calendar). Accounts payable ‐‐ amounts owed by the company for the goods or services it has purchased from outside suppliers. Accounts receivable ‐‐ amounts owed to the company by its customers. Accrual basis, system, or method ‐‐ an accounting system that records revenues and expenses at the time the transaction occurs, not at the time cash changes hands. If you buy a coat and charge it, the store records or accrues the sale when you walk out with the coat, not when you pay your bill. Cash basis accounting is used by individuals. Accrual basis accounting is used by most businesses. Accrued expenses, accruals ‐‐ an expense which has been incurred but not yet paid for. Salaries are a good example. Employees earn or accrue salaries each hour they work. The salaries continue to accrue until payday when the accrued expense of the salaries is eliminated...
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...A GUIDE TO FORENSIC ACCOUNTING INVESTIGATION THOMAS W. GOLDEN, STEVEN L. SKALAK, AND MONA M. CLAYTON JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. A GUIDE TO FORENSIC ACCOUNTING INVESTIGATION THOMAS W. GOLDEN, STEVEN L. SKALAK, AND MONA M. CLAYTON JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright © 2006 by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. PricewaterhouseCoopers refers to the individual member firms of the worldwide PricewaterhouseCoopers organization. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600, or on the Web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, 201-748-6011, fax 201-748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this...
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...An Internship Report On Audit Procedure of UHY Syful Shamsul Alam & Co. and A Comparative Analysis on IFRS (IAS) and AAOIFI on Financial Reporting Issues Department of Finance Faculty of Business Studies University of Dhaka An Internship Report On Audit Procedure of UHY Syful Shamsul Alam & Co. and A Comparative Analysis on IFRS (IAS) and AAOIFI on Financial Reporting Issues (As partial fulfillment of BBA Program) Submitted To Department of Finance University of Dhaka Supervised By Taher Jamil Lecturer Department of Finance University of Dhaka Submitted By Md. Rased Mosarraf ID: 16-062 Department of Finance University of Dhaka Date of Submission: May 22, 2014. Letter of Transmittal May 22, 2014. Taher Jamil Lecturer Department of Finance University of Dhaka Subject: Submission of internship report. Dear Sir, I have the pleasure to submit an Internship Report after completing a successful three month Internship attachment at a CA firm named “UHY Syful Shamsul Alam & Co.” on “Audit Procedure of UHY Syful Shamsul Alam& Co. and A Comparative Analysis on IFRS (IAS) and AAOIFI on Financial Reporting Issues”. I have concentrated my best effort to achieve the objectives of the report and hope that my endeavor will serve the purpose. The practical knowledge and experience gathered during report preparation will immeasurably help in my future professional life. I will be obliged if you kindly approved this endeavor...
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...AUDITING AND ASSURANCE STUDY TEXT Copyr i ght ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystemortransmittedinanyformorbyany means,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwisewithoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthe copyright owner. ISBN NO: 9966-760-23-7 © 2009 Strathmore University Press First Published 2009 Strathmore University Press P.O. Box 59857, 00200, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel: +254 (0) 20 606155 Fax: +254 (0) 20 607498 Acknowledgment We gratefully acknowledge permission to quote from the past examination papers of the following bodies: Kenya Accountants and Secretaries National Examination Board (KASNEB). v ACKNOWLEDGMENT ................................................................................................................. ii CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................................... 1 ThE GEnEral aUDiTinG EnvironmEnT .............................................................................. 3 CHAPTER TWO ......................................................................................................................... 23 ThE aUDiTor anD ThE CompaniES aCT............................................................................. 25 CHAPTER THREE ..................................................................................................................... 47 aUDiT planninG, ConTrol & rECorDinG (iSa 300)............
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...The Lakeside Company Case Studies in Auditing Twelfth Edition John M. Trussel Dalton State College J. Douglas Frazer Millersville University Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editor in Chief: Donna Battista Acquisitions Editor: Stephanie Wall Editorial Project Manager: Christina Rumbaugh Senior Managing Editor: Cynthia Zonneveld Production Project Manager: Carol O'Rourke Senior Operations Supervisor: Diane Peirano Printer/Binder: BindRite Graphics, Robbinsville Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text. Copyright © 2012, 2008, 2005, 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290...
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