...Enterprise Resource Planning: Developments and Directions for Operations Management Research Robert Jacobs and Elliot Bendoly Operations and Decision Technologies, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 Decision and Information Analysis, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 Abstract Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) has come to mean many things over the last several decades. Divergent applications by practitioners and academics, as well as by researchers in alternative fields of study, has allowed for both considerable proliferation of information on the topic but also for a considerable amount of confusion regarding the meaning of the term. research two distinct research streams emerge. In reviewing ERP The first focuses on the fundamental corporate capabilities driving ERP as a strategic concept. A second stream focuses on the details associated with implementing information systems and their relative success and cost. This paper briefly discusses these research streams and suggests some ideas for related future research. Published in the European Journal of Operational Research 146(2), 2003 1 Introduction – The many views of ERP Speculation on the future development and success of ERP is the topic of many popular press articles. These articles, typically written by individuals associated with the ERP companies, are often focused on the merits of the featured software. Unfortunately, in order to distinguish the merits of alternate packages, authors...
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...INTERNATIONAL FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES BULGARIAN NATIONAL BANK Celebrating the BNB 130th Anniversary INTERNATIONAL FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES Edited by Tsvetan Manchev, Doctor in Economics BULGARIAN NATIONAL BANK 2009 International Foreign Exchange Reserves Abbreviations BNB GDP BIS b.p. EIB EC EU ESCB ECB LBNB М1 М2 М3 IMF ERMII Fed − the Bulgarian National Bank − gross domestic product − the Bank for International Settlements − basis points − the European Investment Bank − the European Commission − the European Union − the European System of Central Banks − the European Central Bank − the Law on the Bulgarian National Bank − narrow money − М1 plus quasi money − broad money − the International Monetary Fund − Exchange Rate Mechanism II − the Federal Reserve System © The Bulgarian National Bank, 2009 © 2009 by Tsvetan Manchev et al. ISBN 978-954-8579-30-8 Published by the Bulgarian National Bank 1, Knyaz Alexander I Square 1000 Sofia telephone +359 2 9145-750 facsimile +359 2 980 2425, 980 6493 www.bnb.bg 2 International Foreign Exchange Reserves Contents Introduction ......................................................... 11 PART ONE. Chapter 1. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. THE THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS Nature and Function .......................................... 19 Definition ............................................................. 19 Gold as a Foreign Reserve Assets ...................... 20 Reasons to Own and Use Foreign Reserves ...... 23 The...
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