...mythology. Both poetries convey heroism, pride, love, fate and duty. However, Homer focuses on his hero Achilles at the end of the Trojan War and Virgil focuses on his hero Aeneas after the Trojan War; eventually becomes the founder of a new Roman civilization. Besides the fact that they fight on the opposite sides of the Trojan War, the major difference between these two heroes is their ideas of who they are. Achilles stands as a symbol of self-serving person, while Aeneas is a symbol of self-sacrificing. Homer portrays Achilles as a selfish and revengeful warrior. Achilles decides not to fight for Greek when king Agamemnon takes his battle prize Briseis away. However, Achilles allows Patroclus to wear his armor. He also instructs Patroclus to drive Trojans back from Achaeans’ ship but not to take over the city as it is only Achilles to win. His selfishness and self pride forbids Patroclus to try to win the battle, even if they can without Achilles’ help. He wants to show King Agamemnon that without Achilles’ help, Achaeans can’t win the battle. Unfortunately, Patroclus disobeys Achilles and pursues the Trojans all the way to the gates of Troy. Apollo wounds Patroclus from behind, which helps Hector to kill him. Achilles becomes revengeful, even though disobeying his instruction makes Patroclus die. To take his revenge, not only Achilles kills Hector, he drags Hector’s body behind the chariot all over the city of Troy. Before Hector dies, he begged Achilles to return his body to the...
Words: 669 - Pages: 3
...Name Course Tutor Date Ancient Greek Heroes vs. Modern Heroes Introduction The word hero brings to mind different things to different people, since people tend to have different concepts of heroism. This is particularly the case with regard to the concept of heroes in ancient and modern societies. As times have changed, the definition of heroes has also changed, in keeping with the changes in the modern society. However, ancient and modern heroes do share some similarities, which act as the basis of heroism regardless of one’s perspective. In view of this, a hero can be described as a courageous person, who deliberately sets out to conquer obstacles for the benefit others or one who performs extra ordinary feats. The aim of this paper is to compare and contrast ancient Greek heroes with modern heroes, for the purpose of understanding both concepts of heroism. Differences There a few differences between modern and ancient Greek heroes, one of them being the religious background of the ancient Greek heroes. In Greek mythology, heroes were usually religious figures, specifically demigods. They were usually born from liaisons between mortal and immortal parents. These heroes were favored by the gods, hence were able to accomplish supernatural tasks, which were beyond the abilities of normal men. Hercules’ mother for instance was a mortal, while his father Zeus was a Greek god, who disguised himself as her husband. As a result, Hercules was a demigod, and was able to accomplish...
Words: 1860 - Pages: 8
...more then a friend of Achilles but dies as one of the great Achaean heroes of the Trojan war. Like many Greek Heroes it is because he dies that he achieves his heroism in the eyes of the ancient Greeks. His death leads to him being immortalized within the pages of the Iliad along side the likes of Achilles, Hector and Ajax. Patroclus death comes in the 16th book of the Illiad and with his final moments being an exchange of words between him and his killer Hector of Troy (Iliad,16.870-897). The exchange between Hector and Patroclus is one where heroes mock each other explaining why the other one is the fool. Before death takes Patroclus from the world he is given a gift, he is able to see into the future and gaze at the death of Hector. This is a privilege not granted to many heroes even Hector the greatest of all the Trojans is not granted this when Achilles forces him to Hades. Patroclus achieved what all heroes want a glorious death. Death on the battlefield is what a great shoulder need in order to instill his name into history. Even Achilles the greatest of the Greeks was told that he would be forgotten if he did not fight and die in the Trojan war. Through his death Patrolclus was able to achieve his heroism, as he went into battle knowing that he could die, wearing Achilles armour and was even fool people into thinking that he was Achilles. In the end a great death is the only sure way to become a hero in ancient Greece. The Iliad began with Achilles fury but that fury...
Words: 1186 - Pages: 5
...Furthermore, not only are there weaknesses inherent in Raglan’s pattern but there are also things that I believe simply do not work with the current criteria. First, Lord Raglan omitted any criterion related to personality or character and as a result we end up with individuals that are considered heroic according to the scale yet are not people one should aspire to be. A hero is far more than the milestones he prevails and the qualities he possesses should be a significant factor in evaluating his heroism. For example, both Samson and Achilles are considered heroes in their cultures but they are by no means exemplary men. Samson is seen as an Israelite hero yet he is both impulsive and aggressive, he killed many people from a neighbouring tribe after not getting his way. On the other hand, Achilles was a model Greek warrior but he was...
Words: 744 - Pages: 3
...Aristotle’s statement is representative of Achilles in that he is incapable of working with others, and doesn’t have a need or a want of any mortal man, besides Patroclus. If it weren’t for Patroclus, Achilles behavior would be closer to a god than that of a man or beast. Achilles is incapable of working with others, in book I, when he’s spurned by Agamemnon for taking his prize, he lets the other Greeks fight the Trojans without him while he’s off moping. Similar to the gods, Achilles is too stubborn to forgive Agamemnon despite the offer of immense wealth, women, and cities. It’s not until Patroclus is killed in his place, that Achilles leaves his hut to fight, even though hundreds of his fellow countrymen have already been killed. The selectiveness...
Words: 450 - Pages: 2
...Compare Ideas of Heroism Deborah Welgehausen Professor Amy Sloan The Literary Experience May 20, 2015 Compare Ideas of Heroism Merriam-Webster defines a hero as…”A mythological or legendary figure often of divine descent endowed with great strength or ability (Merriam-Webster, n.d.)” Looking at the times of Greek mythology, there were many heroes such as Theseus, Perseus, Jason, Achilles, Odysseus, and Hercules who were celebrated for their divine powers and superhuman strengths. When Giglamesh was wandering around and learning what it meant to put his personal egotism aside for the good of others, was he in fact a hero, or was he just simply growing intellectually within himself? All heroes are famous for the extraordinary selfless acts that they perform for the sake of others. The Minotaur that lived in a labyrinth on the island of Crete was defeated by Theseus after the population of Athens was forced to send fourteen children to be eaten by the Minotaur each year to appease him (Infoplease, 2012). Perseus, who was the son of Zeus and Danae, killed the Gorgan Medusa who caused the people who looked directly at her to turn to stone (Infoplease, 2012). In addition, the most fearless and strongest warrior in the Greek war against the Trojans was Achilles, who became invulnerable everywhere in his body except for his heel that his mother held him by when she dipped him in the River Styx (Infoplease, 2012). Odysseus, who is better...
Words: 810 - Pages: 4
...as Virgil’s The Aeneid. While each hero in each stories encounters his own journey, there are common stages that they all go through to reach “heroism.” What defines an epic hero is someone who is wise and noble in counsel action or war. The epic hero has to have a semi-divine spirit and a god as a parent (Barua, Page 1). Achilles was a hero in each and every form of the word. He was extraordinary and is said to be one of the greatest heroes of Greek mythology. He embodied all the great values that made up a superhuman. Achilles was strong, courageous, and loyal but he was also just a man-A man with a grave weakness and without the love, fear and sacrifice of his mother, he would have surely met an earlier end. When he was just a boy, his mother, Thetis, did everything to make sure her son was immortal. She would burn him over a fire every night, then dress his wounds with ambrosial ointment and then finally dunked him in the River Styx (History.comStaff). The river’s waters were said to confer the invulnerability of the gods. This was the only way to ensure her son’s immortality. Thetis was supposed to cover Achilles from head to toe in the water but when she dipped him, she held onto his heel and it stayed dry. He was 99.9% immortal. From birth Achilles was destined to be great. Even though he was great, he was not perfect. Achilles worried about being an honorable hero so...
Words: 1124 - Pages: 5
...demonstrated that Achilles is stubborn who has personal hero personality. From the convocation in the story, Achilles only interested in revenge, and he thought anything else is a waste of time. The book is made up of two main sections: the reconciliation between Agamemnon and Achilles, and Achilles' preparation for battle. After the sincerely apologize from Agamemnon and He even states that he will return Briseis to him, and also gives other presents. Achilles accepts his offer, but clearly he is more eager to attack the Trojans than to collect gifts. He says, "Whatever. Bring the gifts or don't bring them. I just want to fight." In the conversation between Odysseus and Achilles about food problem, Odysseus points out that before the war the army needs to address the tired and hungry. Achilles agrees to wait. However, he also said that refuses to eat until Patroklos is avenged. He says, "I have no taste for food." Warrior has a strong body is often the decisive factor in war, but Achilles refuses the food which proves his individualistic heroism. From the time the anger of Achilles showed he was cruel, but this is just a side of his character, from another side, it showed he was passionate and kind. In the end of book 19, even Roan Beauty prophesies the eventual death of Achilles on the battlefield, Achilles answers that “he already knows about his doom, but that nothing will prevent him from avenging Patroklos.” This section shows the tragedy destiny of Achilles. His stubborn...
Words: 270 - Pages: 2
...In a revisit to Homer’s eighth century epic poem "Illiad", David Malouf’s "Ransom" explores the worlds of royalty, war and the common man. Although Malouf explores the original themes of revenge, redemption and fate, he predominately focuses on the human connections, relationships and inner thoughts of his characters. Malouf contends that Somax is the true hero of the novel, "Ransom", through the events he participates in, his disposition and the characteristics he displays. Somax, a mere commoner that Malouf has added into his novel, gives Priam an insight into the world he was missing out on. His chatter, whether about ‘[the] little cakes’or his ‘pretty daughter-in-law’, is always intriguing to Priam. After Somax successfully persuades Priam to do a number of things, such as getting him to waddle in the stream and nibble on some griddlecakes, he describes Priam as 'like a child’. Throughout their journey, Somax attempts to ‘…fill out the picture’of the ordinary life Priam has overlooked ‘reveal[ing] these things to him' which help Priam learn more about the “interesting” world around him, the “prattling world” full of “interest”, suggesting that Priam’s world of royal customs and kingship is dull and boring. He rarely makes decisions for himself as he believes ‘I’ve played my part.’ While Somax can be funny at times, that is not his sole purpose in the novel; Somax is more of a teacher to Priam, he teaches Priam many more things, for example...
Words: 929 - Pages: 4
...Odysseus and Achilles. The definition of an epic hero is very wide and varied. It includes a lot of attributes and criterions, but for a particular hero to reach the epic stature, it isn’t really necessary to fulfill all the demands and to come up to all the standards. In a very conventional sense, an epic hero is supposed to possess these qualities or is supposed to come up to these standards: 1. Is an important figure from history or legend. 2. Is usually favored by Gods or even partially descended from Gods i.e. semi-divine nature. 3. Takes part in a cyclical journey or quest, faces adversaries and returns home with significant transformation. 4. Illustrates traits, performs deeds and exemplifies certain morals that are valued and held dear by the society/ culture from which the hero comes. 5. Usually embodies cultural and religious beliefs of the people. 6. Has no superpowers, but is smart, brave and has fears too; which he must overcome to protect his friends, family and / or nation. 7. Can also be a warrior of some sort who performs extra-ordinary tasks that most find difficult. 8. Is also a polished speaker who can address councils of chieftains or elders with eloquence and confidence. Literature is replete with examples of epic heroes. Classical Greek literature in particular has produced some of the most famous epic heroes. The epic hero in Greek literature is best defined in the contrasting characters of Achilles and Odysseus,...
Words: 2029 - Pages: 9
...Hero/God/Mortal: Homer's Iliad Assignment In Homer's Iliad, heroism is portrayed throughout the story on both sides of the battlefield of Troy. On the Greek side, heroes are portrayed as lethal warriors whose names will live on for the rest of eternity. Kleos, a Greek word meaning glory, is what a Greek warrior will earn if he has proved himself on the battlefield. Kleos is usually obtained without nostos, or homecoming, meaning a warrior has sacrificed his life in order for his name to be remembered forever. On the side of the Trojans, heroes are portrayed through loyalty to their city and family. The greatest Trojan warrior of all, Hector, states that he is obligated to honor his father as well as his city by standing up against the Greeks. Even though Hector has a wife and a new-born son, and knows that he will most likely die in combat, he realizes he must go and battle Achilles and the Greeks in order to honor oikos, the Greek term meaning family, and polis, the Greek word meaning city. On the side of the Greeks, Achilles is trying to achieve the ultimate goal of kleos, throughout the process he is disrespectful to Agamemnon, leader of the Greek army, as well as the rest of Greeks he is fighting with. Achilles is a very stubborn warrior and must have everything go his way. On the side of the Trojans, Hector is making his best effort to protect his city and would rather stay back and be with his family. Hector is a humble man and treats his army like family...
Words: 310 - Pages: 2
...number of notable differences. Beowulf is a pillar in old English literature. He can be compared to the hero Achilles from the Iliad based on warrior strength and compared to Aeneas he went on a journey. Although many years separated these heroes and their journeys, there proved to be a comparison between them all that shows how the earlier hero inspired the later. The glories of a hero is something that is shown when comparing Beowolf an Achilles. Beowulf’s society held fame and glory at a high standard. He knew he would receive praise from the kingdom he went to help, but this shows how he also cares about others. Achilles does not like the Greeks. He went to war for the fame and glory, more than the cause. Achilles was a little more vain than Beowulf, but both of them enjoyed the glories of fighting. Beowulf and Achilles both have enemies that they face off against. Beowulf has numerous epic battles with creatures. The story revolves around his epic battle with Grendel. He then goes on to fight with Grendel’s mother. The ending is rounded off with at battle of him and a dragon. Achilles has to fight with Hector and the Trojan army. It seems as if this is how Achilles saw himself on the battle ground with an army facing him. He faced many foes, but all of them lead up to his battle with Hector. Hector was one of the big fights that he faced. Beowulf and Achilles dispatched these foes with ease. This is a demonstration of how strong Epic heroes are supposed to be. Their...
Words: 727 - Pages: 3
...This War began after the abduction (or elopement) of Queen Helen of Sparta, spouse of King Menelaus, by the Trojan prince Paris. This was an insult to the king. Then all the Achaeans (Greeks) got together to fight the Trojans in order to take Helen back from the Trojans. Everything started because of a selfish act from Paris. Nine years of war, thousands of people dead from both sides, just because one person decides to please himself, regardless of the consequences. War is described in a complex way by Homer. On one hand he is condemning the war by painting a very morbid and perverse image of it. Indeed, Homer starts the Iliad by describing all the pain felt by the Achaeans and the deaths, of thousands of men in the war, as a result of Achilles’ anger who refuses to fight for the Greeks any further because insulted by Agamemnon who took his concubine as his own. Homer appears to be portraying the war negatively, mentioning the pain and men going to the ‘house of Hades’ in their thousands (Homer, 2000, Book 1), which is all negative imagery. The author then goes on to mention that these men “gave...
Words: 2066 - Pages: 9
...dishonorably slain Apsyrtus. Jason’s weakness is epitomized by the epithet amechanos, which may be translated “embarrass” or “incertitude.” The table below presents a few epithets of Homeric heroes: Achilles “Son of Peleus” “Swift-footed” “Breaking through men” “Lion-hearted” “Like to the gods” Aeneas “Son of Anchises” “Counselor of the Trojans” “Lord of the Trojans” “Father” “Loyal/Pious” Agamemnon “Son of Atreus” “Wide-ruling” “The Lord Marshal” “Powerful” “Shepherd of the People” “Brilliant” The unprepossessing figure of Jason is further sunk in relief against the more dominating personalities of the heroes in his crew. The timorous captain often finds himself deferring to the decisions of Heracles and other great heroes of classical lore. Whither Jason? Some have argued that the kind of heroism which the Argonautica highlights is collective heroism; that a more democratic conception lends to a group-centered rather than individual notion of arete, or virtue. During last Thursday’s lecture for the Sunoikisis Greek Literature course, Norman Sandridge led a lively discussion on the topic of Jason’s leadership. Many in our class were attracted to the implications of the “collective heroism” thesis. Does Jason sacrifice his own honor for...
Words: 646 - Pages: 3
...was venerated by the ancient Greeks themselves as the cornerstone of their civilization (Nagy , Online . The two epics are the portrayal of early Greek civilization with the spotlight focused on heroism and the heroes ' struggles and triumph Early Greece likewise was depicted in the two epics as a people who believed in the power of the immortals which was clearly shown in how br the gods and goddesses ran the lives of the characters The Iliad and Odyssey are both colorful and dramatic . Not only was Homer able to use vivid s of the different war episodes but he was also successful in portraying supernatural beings that Odysseus met during his journey back home . These styles of Homer likewise characterized the people during the time that the epics were written A very diverse Greek culture was shown in the Iliad and the Odyssey Just like what was previously mentioned , people in ancient Greece revered their heroes . The people then consider men or women who were endowed with superhuman abilities which were believed to have come from the gods and the goddess as their heroes . These heroes likewise embodied the character of the Greek people as a whole . Homer used the different characters in the two epic to give a picture of how society and the people was during the earlier times Achilles was regarded as the handsomest , the swiftest , the strongest and the bravest of the Greeks (Taylor , Online ) and his being half-immortal has something to do with this . His fighting prowess was...
Words: 1411 - Pages: 6