...INTRODUCTION 1.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY INTRODUCTION Employee or labour welfare is a comprehensive term including various services, benefits and facilities offered to employees by the employer. Through such generous fringe benefits the employer makes life worth living for employees. The welfare amenities are extended in addition to normal wages and other economic rewards available to employees as per the legal provisions. According to Dr. Parandikar, “Labour welfare work is work for improving the health, safety and general well being and the industrial efficiency of the workers beyond the minimum standard laid down by labour legislation” Welfare measures may also be provided by the government, trade unions and non-government agencies in addition the employer. The basic purpose of labour welfare is to enrich the life of employees and keep them happy and contented. Welfare measures may be both statutory and voluntary. Labour laws require the employer to extend certain benefits to employees in addition to wages. Voluntary benefits are the result of employer’s generosity, enlightenment and philanthropic feelings. MEANING OF EMPLOYEE WELFARE According to the Oxford dictionary employee welfare or labour welfare means “the efforts to make life worth living for workmen”. According to the Labour Investigation Committee (1946), employee welfare means “anything done for intellection physical, moral and economic betterment of the workers...
Words: 7753 - Pages: 32
...2002). According to Stone (2002), advocates of market mechanisms for policy making might argue that an exchange is efficient if it maximizes welfare at the present moment; inhabitants of the polis live over the long run and consider the time dimension a crucial part of most decisions. Another broad set challenges from the polis question, that an individual makes exchanges on the basis of full information about the objective alternatives and their subjective preferences. The challenge is impossible to have the type of information necessary for voluntary exchanges to result in efficiency. The market model requires accurate and complete information. But in the polis, information is always incomplete, interpretive and deliberately controlled. People can never have full information about the alternative available for satisfying their goals. Even if the money cost of information were zero, there would still be enormous time costs to process all the free information. Long term consequences are at issue in many public policy decisions as well-whether to use nuclear power as a major source of energy, whether to stake national defense on space based weapons or whether to treat welfare as a federal entitlement or a matter of state discretion. A third set of challenges focuses on market theory equation of societal welfare with individual welfare. These challenges reject the...
Words: 494 - Pages: 2
...7/27/2010 ADS 505 Local Government Local Government: Chapter 3 Typology of Local Governments Typology of Local Governments o Patronage Patronage Model The Patronage Model refers to political patronage, used in certain countries, where state resources are used to reward electoral support of certain individuals. While Whil some patronage systems are legal, others t t l l th may attribute this to corruption or favoritism in which a party in power rewards groups, families, ethnicities for their electoral support using illegal gifts or fraudulently-awarded appointments or government contracts. Model o Economic Development Model o Welfare State Model Patronage Model Political leaders often have a great deal of patronage at their disposal Patronage is recognized as a power of the e ecut ve branch. executive b a c . In most countries, the ost cou t es, t e executive has the right to make many appointments. Patronage Model In some democracies, high-level appointments are reviewed or approved by the legislature. In other countries, such as those using the Westminster system, g y this is not the case. Other types of political patronage may violate the laws or ethics codes (nepotism and cronyism). 1 7/27/2010 Patronage Model Low level political patronage, when not entangled in financial means, is not inherently unseemly. In the United States, t e U.S. Co st tut o t e U te the Constitution provides the president with the power to appoint individuals to...
Words: 1962 - Pages: 8
...and Welfare Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid Bangladesh Institute of Management August 20,2014 Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid, 2014 1 Labor Welfare Labor/Employee welfare means the adaptation of measures to the physical, psychological and general well being of the working population. Labor welfare anything done for comfort and improvement, intellectual and social, of the employees over the wages paid, which is not a necessity of the industry. Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid, 2014 Scope of Labor welfare The scope of labor welfare has to elastic and flexible enough to suit the existing conditions of the workers and to include all the essential prerequisites of life and minimum basic amenities. Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid, 2014 Importance of Labor welfare Labor welfare is one of the major determinates of industrial relations. It develops a sense of responsibility, initiative and co-operation can be fostered among the workers. Welfare measures are importance to reduce absenteeism and turnover in the industries. Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid, 2014 Classification of Labor welfare 1.Statutory welfare 2.Voluntary welfare 3.Mutual welfare Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid, 2014 Classification of Labor welfare as Per ILO 1.Intra-Mural Activities 2.Extra-Mural Activities Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid, 2014 Labor welfare services are also following heads 1. Economical Services 2. Recreational Services 3. Facilitative Services Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid, 2014 Labor welfare services...
Words: 1731 - Pages: 7
...Poverty and Social Classes Societal Problems There are three major sociological paradigms that directs the way society thinks. These paradigms are functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interaction. The first, functionalism, is a theory that suggests that each aspect of society serves its own purpose in order to make the society run. An example of functionalism would be that you have a government that imposes taxes on its citizens. Those citizens work in order to pay the taxes. The taxes are used to pay for a police force in order to protect the citizens. Each piece works for the other in order to make the society work. The next paradigm is conflict theory. Unlike the functional theory where everything has its purpose, this theory suggests people are essentially fighting over resources. An example of conflict theory would be how women have for years been fighting for equal pay for equal work. The third paradigm is symbolic interaction. This theory differs from the other two because it deals with individual people rather than a group of people. It teaches that people interact with one another through gestures and symbols and this sets the tone for relationships. These gestures and symbols also define the way people think and react in certain situations. An example would be two people from the United States meeting for the first time would be more likely to shake hands whereas two people from Japan may...
Words: 1219 - Pages: 5
...PROJECT WORK ON “RIGHT TO FOOD” Its Reflection in National Food Security Act 2013 Under the Kind Supervision of – Dr. Tanzeem Fatima Assistant Professor Faculty of Law A. M. U., Aligarh Submitted By:- Faisal Ashfaq LL.M. (P) 13-LLM-20 GB1586 CONTENTS 1. Introductory Remarks 2. Meaning, Nature and Concept of Food Security 3. Emergence of concept of welfare state and its obligation 4. Food Security in International Perspecticve 5. Food Security in Indian Constitutional Perspective 6. Judicial Approach towards Food Security 7. National Food Security Act, 2013 a. Origin and Development b. Object and Purpose of Act c. Food Security: Protection of Human Right in light of Natural law theory 8. Concluding Remarks Bibliography Introductory Remarks “It cannot mockery to tell someone they have the right to food when there is nobody with the duty bound to provide them with food. That is the risk with the rights rhetoric. What I like about choosing the counterpart, the active obligation of duties rather than the rights, you can’t go on and on without addressing the question who has to do what, for whom, when” Onor O’Neill Right to food is indeed a laudable national commitment, it’s apt to remember that ensuring food security to the impoverished million in this country is not a government charity but a Constitutional mandate of the States. Article 21 of the Indian Constitution provides that ‘no person shall be deprived of his life and liberty except according to the...
Words: 4796 - Pages: 20
...ABSTRACT: The term welfare brings a lot of controversy, for some, it implies that its recipients meaning “poor people” are getting a free ride getting public assistance. For others it is believed to be anti-work, anti-family. Nonetheless, regardless of how one’s felt about welfare, no one can argue that poverty is a social issue that has serious impact on society. Although poverty means different thing to different people, to some, poverty means the some members of society are lazy, not able to take personal responsibility. For others, it means that some members of society are not getting a fair share of the wealth distribution. The point that it remain is viewed as not having enough or lacking enough resource to provide for one’s needs. But many disagree on this definition, because some scholars in the field of sociology agree that poverty transcend money and wealth. Hutchinson (2003) eloquently posits that” poverty influences the ability of parents to adequately meet their children’s basic needs. Understanding human development requires an ecological approach that views the child in a home environment duly placed in a community context, where the family strives to meet their needs and obtain long-term resources” (p.56). The social problem created by poverty is a much larger than any debate ever address. Its remains an issue of serious social concern, addressing the truthfulness about poverty is crucial to assist in the policy making process. Because ignoring the cause...
Words: 2362 - Pages: 10
...health needs Dana J. Sullivan ⁎, Michiel A. van Zyl 1 University of Louisville, Kent School of Social Work, Louisville, KY 40292, United States Received 20 June 2007; received in revised form 22 July 2007; accepted 9 December 2007 Available online 17 December 2007 Abstract A census of children in foster care provided valuable insight into the well-being of children in one state. CHAID analysis on differences related to physical and mental health needs among various groups of children in foster care revealed a number of significant differences that are often overlooked in other types of analyses. Children's medical needs differ significantly by length of stay and emotional needs were more profound among children of certain ages. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Keywords: Foster care; Well-being; Mental health; Physical health; CHAID 1. Introduction Historically, social workers in child welfare have focused primarily on keeping children safe from abuse and neglect, and helping them return home safely or find new adoptive homes. However, Altshuler and Gleeson (1999) described the emphasis on safety and permanency, to the exclusion of well-being, as a triangle that can only be completed when well-being becomes a focus of child welfare services. In response to this emerging professional perspective, the Adoption and Safe Families Act (ASFA) of 1997 mandated three goals for public child welfare agencies—safety, permanency, and well-being for children and families (PL 105–89). This marked...
Words: 9185 - Pages: 37
...What is ‘social welfare’? Social welfare is a nation’s system of programs, benefits and services that help meet the psychological, social, and economic needs that are fundamental to the well-being of individuals and society (Macarov 1995). Macarov’s definition is in some senses so broad that it lacks clarity. For instance, Macarov refers to social welfare as a ‘nation’s system’ rather than a ‘government’s system’. If it includes any program, benefit or service that helps meet human needs then is that a system? The word ‘system’ suggests that it is organised or structured. The term ‘nation’s system’ introduces uncertainty into what is included and what, if anything is excluded. Now it terms of meeting needs, Macarov classifies social welfare as meeting psychological, social and economic needs that are fundamental to well-being. Is the argument here that, social welfare meets psychological, social and economic needs because they are all fundamental to well-being or is Macarov implying that social welfare only has to meet a fundamental or basic level of psychological, social and economic needs? The use of the word ‘fundamental’ in this context is rather equivocal. The wording of the definition makes the reader perplexed and drives him/her into a journey of reflection and contemplation to try to figure which of these alternatives Macarov is actually proposing. Macarov’s inclusion of psychological, social and economic needs is I believe a very broad but vague proposition...
Words: 808 - Pages: 4
...Moral Issues Welfare in the United States Moral Issues Welfare in the United States In our society today the welfare program is a hand out not a hand up. I believe that as a society we should go back to what the welfare system was when it was started in the colonies with the British Poor Laws. These laws established guidelines for two different groups of people. The first group was those that cannot work due to their age, or physical or mental health. This group was given assistance with cash and other forms from the government. The second group was those who could work but did not have a job. The people in this group were given help by giving them employment in workhouses. In 1935 President Franklin D. Roosevelt enacted the Social Security Act “to provide for the general welfare by establishing a system of Federal old-age benefits, and by enabling the several States to make more adequate provision for aged persons, blind persons, dependent and crippled children, maternal and child welfare, public health, and the administration of their unemployment compensation laws; to establish a Social Security Board; to raise revenue; and for other purposes.” Under this plan, it was easy to receive money, food and medical assistance if you were a single woman raising children, the more children you had the more assistance you received. This system has grown generations of families that have been dependent upon the government to support their children. In 1996, President...
Words: 723 - Pages: 3
...POLICY: The objectives of the National Population Policy are to improve the status of family planning, maternal and child health including reproductive health services and to improve the living standard of the people of Bangladesh through making a desirable balance between population and development in the context of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (IPRSP). The following major policy objectives will help address the future challenges: 1. Reduce Total Fertility Rate (TFR) and increase the use of family planning methods among eligible couples through raising awareness of family planning; 2. Attain NRR equal to one by the year 2010 so as to stabilize population around 2060; 3. Ensure adequate availability and access of Reproductive Health Services, specially family planning services to all including information, counseling and services for adolescents; 4. Improve maternal health with emphasis on reduction of maternal mortality; 5. Reduce...
Words: 1571 - Pages: 7
...Welfare Administration refers to various social, economic and health program that was designed to improve the needs of U.S population. The programs vary in eligibility requirements and are provided by various organizations on a federal, state, local and private level. They help to provide food, shelter, education, healthcare and money to U.S. citizens through primary and secondary education, subsidies of college education, unemployment disability insurance, subsidies for eligible low-wage workers, subsidies for housing, food stamps, pensions for eligible persons and health insurance programs that cover public employees. The largest of this program are social security system, Medicare and the housing programs. Welfare has come to be associated with poverty. Additionally, blacks have overwhelmingly dominated images of poverty over the last few decades. Welfare distribution is a topic that greatly affects various races, ages and social ethnic group in America. I strongly believe that welfare is not equally distributed among various groups in America. Though the constitution has been amendment over years ago I believe in these days and times that people should be treated the same and be given adequate and equal access to the U.S welfare system, to me it seems as though things are based on black and white and not in actualization. Researches have shown that in various aspects of American lives people are treated based on their race. According to research conducted by NAIC (National...
Words: 565 - Pages: 3
...Introduction Does an individual have the right to superfluous gratification of needs before a fellow citizen has satisfied his/her most basic (human) need? According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, superfluous is defined as unnecessary or being more than enough. Also, gratification is the act of gratifying-which has several definitions including to satisfy, give what is desired, indulge, and to reward. With a more concise understanding of the question, I believe it is not right for one to partake in unnecessary indulgence when there are people in America and other countries that are lacking the most basic (human) needs, such as food, water, clothing and shelter. At the same time I have a different belief about the issue depending on one’s situation. It is not fair that wealthy individuals can live in the same countries, states, cities or communities as people who are struggling to find their next meal, clothes to keep them warm or even a place to keep them safe. These questions that will guide this paper include 1. How does one find themselves rich/poor in America? 2. Is it wrong for one to be rich/poor in America? 3. When the issues of being unfortunate individuals began to get attention? 4. What has been done about the poverty issue in America? 5. Should the government be responsible to take care of all of these individuals? 6. Who is ultimately responsible for taking care of the less fortunate citizens of America? Case Now in America, it is so easy...
Words: 2903 - Pages: 12
...Social policies and public reform have been consistently at the forefront of American minds. Welfare reform has been a major controversy in the realm of social policy. Most Americans support the idea of equality, one of the values that our nation was founded on, although there seems to be no general agreement on how the government should alleviate poverty. The American welfare system as it is in its present state degrades the beneficiaries and serves to enrich the administrators. If the objective is to reduce poverty and promote self-sufficiency then the right signals are given off but the system is failing in practice. The key to reforming would be to combine work with education and training to help attain skills to increase beyond an entry-level position. To fully reform, the government must integrate developmental efforts in the welfare, work force, education and economic development area in an effort to create a stronger state and move people out of poverty and into self-sufficiency. Welfare was introduced in 1936 under a program entitled Aid to Dependent Children and it provided cash for low-income families with children. The number of people in the household and the total monthly income was the determining factor of an individual’s eligibility. For a household consisting of 4 people, if the income were less than $643, then you would be eligible. Recipients were required to enroll in an Employment First course that taught educational, social and work ethics to move individuals...
Words: 892 - Pages: 4
...HUMAN RIGHTS LAW PROJECT ON RIGHTS OF ELDERLY Riswana Mahamood 703 7th Semester NUALS ACKNOWLEDGMENT I would like to thank my Teacher Smt Liji Samuel, for providing me with an opportunity to do research and submit a project, the college authorities for the Library without which I wouldn’t have been able to get an exact idea as to how to go about the completion of this project. I’d thank the support of my classmates in this regard too. My Parents, who have supported me throughout. God Almighty, For being there. 01/10/2014 Riswana Mahamood 703 Cochin,Kerala Introduction Ageing is a natural process, which inevitably occurs in human life cycle. It brings with a host of challenges in the life of the elderly, which are mostly engineered by the changes in their body, mind, thought process and the living patterns. Ageing refers to a decline in the functional capacity of the organs of the human body, which occurs mostly due to physiological transformation, it never...
Words: 8681 - Pages: 35
