ADHD: Multimodal Approach
Lynnette Walker
University of North Florida

Abstract
This paper reviews Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), the many effects the disorder has on an individual, and the many therapy options available. A brief description of the disorder is given, as well as the core symptoms, and the functional problems that result from it. Each therapy option is then explained in detail and the benefits of each given. Finally, a brief look at the advantages of using multiple therapy techniques in a multimodal approach and the needs for future research.

ADHD: Multimodal Approach
ADHD (Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) is a common disorder that typically presents in early childhood and often continues into adulthood. It is a chronic disorder that has no cure. There are two components of ADHD, attention deficit and hyperactivity. The attention deficit component refers to the lack of attention or difficulty in focusing on activities for extended periods of time, as well as being easily distracted. The hyperactivity component refers to impulsivity, restlessness, fidgeting, and often loud behavior. In order to be diagnosed with ADHD, a patient must exhibit a number of these behaviors that are atypical to children of the same age for at least six months, symptoms having been present before the age of 7, be present in more than one environment, and show impairment in social and academic progress (Monastra, 2008). There are many functional deficiencies associated with ADHD beyond the core symptoms. Deficiencies in social relationships with family members as well as peers are a common problem. Academic problems are likely for children with ADHD, often requiring tutoring, special education classes, and retention. The combination of social rejection and academic troubles leads to a high number of high school drop outs in ADHD