...Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a behavioral disorder that affects 1 in 20 children in the United States. (Faraone, Sergeant, Gillberg, Biederman 2003). ADHD is a relatively new disorder only recently being categorized as legitimate, and recognized among medical professionals. While it is a highly discussed behavioral topic today, there exists many differing opinions regarding its cause. Professionals debate what factors could influence the cause of this disorder, and based upon my research there may be many. These span throughout the spectrums of biological, cognitive, and/or socio-cultural factors. Because of the disorder’s high prevalence in western cultures, especially the United States, there has become an increased...
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...31, 2012 Research Paper ADHD Medications and their Abuse Today The medications used to treat Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are powerful, especially when abused, and have lasting impacts on the patients and the abusers. Treatment, in the form of prescription drugs is available to help these individuals, yet is harmful to others who either are misdiagnosed or abuse it. Additional laws and policies implemented by our elected officials will help ensure the prescribed medications reach the intended patients resulting in lower abuse. ADHD is described as the “most common neurological disorder” (“Facts”) and is a condition that affects many children and adults all over the world. The diagnosis and treatment for ADHD is on the rise in this country, and the signs and symptoms are important for people to notice. ADHD first appears in children who may show a combination of disruptive problems including impulsive behavior, low self-esteem, hyperactivity, and poor performance in school/work. Children, treated for this disorder, are more likely to carry it until adolescence, but for some, ADHD may become a life-long adjustment into adulthood. Specifically for males, hyperactivity is a huge signal that they need to be tested for attention deficit. For females, the signs are the opposite, leading to many underdiagnosed women. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “boys were more likely than girls to have ever been diagnosed with ADHD” (“Data”)...
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...October 28, 2013 Argumentative Essay ADHD and Medicine for Children When you think of zombies what do you imagine? Do you imagine green, bloody, brain-eating monsters or small, skinny, sleep deprived children? In many cases this is what ADHD medicine turns many children into – zombie-like creatures. Stephanie’s daughter, Hannah, had always been a handful. Even as a preschooler, she would tear through the house like a tornado, shouting, roughhousing, and climbing on the furniture. Nothing seemed to have Hannah’s attention for very long. She would run away in the grocery store or in the mall. It was a full-time job parenting Hannah. Stephanie thought that her little girl was a normal child that got overly excited sometimes. Hannah’s second grade teacher began to notice how hard it was for her to calm Hannah down when she got too excited in class, so she talked to Stephanie about Hannah’s inattentiveness and disruptive behavior. “It was a struggle to get her to do simple tasks such as, homework, coloring, and brushing her teeth. She was so energetic and hyper all of the time. She couldn’t stay focused on anything for long. She would get annoyed and move on to the next thing that caught her attention,” Stephanie says. Her concerns lead her to Hannah’s pediatrician who recommended an evaluation for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. ADHD is a common behavioral disorder that affects an estimated eight to ten percent of school-age children. Boys are about three times...
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...Research Paper Outline Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder I. Introduction a. Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, also known as ADD, or ADHD to others is defined as a chronic condition b. which includes: attention difficulty, hyperactivity and impulsiveness. c. Clinically illustrated, ADD is present in more than 3 million US cases per year. II. History a. (ADD vs. ADHD, compare amount of cases per year, b. when it was recognized as a mental disorder, types of ADD c. Sir Alexander Crichton III. Epidemiology a. (Who is at risk?) ADD is a childhood-onset, clinically heterogenous disorder of inattention hyperactivity and impulsivity. b. (How many are affected?) 3-5 of school age population c. Ethnicity involvement IV. Where a. Where is it found? b....
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...ADHD is one of the most common childhood disorders, the American Health Institute states “Approximately 3-7% of school-aged children have the disorder. Larger cities may have rates as high as 10-15%. About 4 million children are affected nation wide. “ The earliest your child can get tested is 3 years old, so if you see any symptoms in your child your child should be tested because they may have adhd. Psych Central states “ About 20 to 30 percent of children with ADHD also have a learning disability (LD). This is a problem that is unexpected given the child’s general intelligence In preschool children, this often appears as a difficulty understanding certain sounds or words and/or difficulty in expressing oneself in words. In school age...
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...with ADHD Cynthia G. Humphrey Wayland Baptist University RSWR 3345 August 2011 Abstract This paper explores various treatment options for children and adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. The outcome of previous research was reviewed showing the effects on children and adolescents with ADHD when the method of treatment was pharmacology and when the method of treatment was pharmacology along with behavior modification. Behavior modification refers to programs that were administered in an academic environment or behavior programs that were part of psychotherapy. This paper specifically addresses the academic effects of treatment with medication, the effects of treatment with medication and behavior modification, and the effects of treatment with behavior modification alone. Keywords: ADHD; children; adolescents; behavioral; academic; treatment Effective Treatment for Children and Adolescents with ADHD Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a complex mental disorder that is controversial because of its method of diagnosis and detection. Children and adolescents with ADHD generally have difficulty concentrating, finishing tasks, controlling behavior, acting impulsively, and being overactive. Managing youth with ADHD can be difficult for parents, teachers and others that have direct contact with the child or adolescent. Medication is one of the most common first lines of treatment used to manage and alleviate the symptoms of ADHD in children...
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...number: 12607157 ADHD and Our Children This paper explores mental disabilities and their effects on education, and some of the enhancements that could be implemented in education systems in order for children with mental disabilities to achieve their full potential. More specifically, I will analyze the reality of ADHD and its effects on young children in the school environment. As of now, very little is known about the effects of mental disorders on child outcomes (Currie and Stabile 1095). First, I will clarify the reality of Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, showing that children with the disorder struggle with a number of behavioural, social, and academic challenges, yet they have strengths and abilities that should not be...
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...9:00-10:50am Abstract This research paper is looking at two articles I looked up online about the long and short term effects of Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (A.D.H.D). Both articles have the same data and results. Robinson, Smith and Segal (2011) give good detail and outline various side-effects of several medications as well as many long and short term health Effects. Weathers (2012) also gives various details about side effects and more on long and short term effects. The Long Term and Short Term Effects Of A.D.H.D Medication. There is a lot of controversy about ADHD medications about the possible health risks with using certain stimulants such as Ritalin, Adderall and Dexedrine. Robinson, Smith and Segal (2011) research shows that these medications can have negative effects on brain development, heart problems, psychiatric problems, and a potential for abuse. In this paper I will be discussing these issues in depth. Weathers (2012) also states in their research that certain medications can lead to unhealthy heart problems, height problems, facial tics and high blood pressure. This paper will discus the research of Robinson et al.’s on the health effects as well as the research of Weathers. So the questions that are going to be discussed are, What are the long term effects of ADHD medication? And What are the short term effects of ADHD medication? These sources I have researched...
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...Study Notes Bus/100 Research and studies are underway but the disorder is rising. Hopefully in the 21st century research for the disorder grow and remarkable results are discovered. Although, there is no direct affect on this issue is one that is interesting and eagerly awaiting a cure. The study of ADHD should be funded through some type of medical genetic research funding. It should not come from the taxpayers. Tax payers are all ready paying taxes on thing that are felt to be important but also un-important. The funding should come from volunteer funding to medical research. There are so many ADHD cases that it would not be hard to receive funding for this if a cure could be found. This is not at the top of the list for medical research. There are more pressing issues that would be above ADHD studies. In conclusion, this paper has summarized how ADHD is related to the course of current studies in biology 115. It has explained why this particular topic caught my attention to write about. The paper gave a detailed reason why this topic is not a direct affect. It has given the reason for research and how it should be funded. References: Polanska, Kinga, Joanna Jurewicz, and Wojciech Hanke. "Exposure to environmental and lifestyle factors attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children: A review of epidemiological studies." International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health 25.4 (202): 330-55. Thapar, A., Cooper, M., Eyre, O., & Langley, K...
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...May I Have Your Attention Please?: Teaching Student Writers with ADHD This research paper will investigate attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in order to encourage teachers to view the symptoms and behaviors of ADHD as variability, and to discuss how we can address variability in our teaching philosophies and pedagogies. The initial objective is to provide an understanding of the symptoms and behaviors of ADHD in order to make educators evocative of how students with ADHD function and to discuss strategies proven help students with ADHD succeed in the classroom. An additional objective of this paper is to address why teaching children with ADHD is challenging and encourage changes in teaching philosophy and pedagogy. Most teachers...
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...Illness Paper Carolyn Maxine Hughes HCR/240 University of Phoenix Dr. Mary Lou Jenkins 3/10/2012 Abstract In this paper, I will be attempting to the mental illness of ADHD (attention deficit disorder). In the first paragraph there will be a discussion on the history, including any myths or misconceptions of ADHD. In some of the other paragraph there will be a detailed discussion of the other points such as the neurotransmitters that are associated with this type of a illness. I will try to familiarize individuals as to how the environment in which they stay in will detract from a successful treatment of ADHD. In the final paragraph I will discuss how the treatments today of this illness compare to the diagnosis and treatments of the past. A list of the professionals involved in the treatment, diagnosis of ADHD will also be mentioned. Mental Illness Paper Attention deficit disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood disorders and can continue on through adolescence and adulthood. Some symptoms may include difficulty staying focused and paying attention, difficulty controlling behavior, and hyperactivity (over- activity). ADHD is characterized by prominent symptoms of inattention and/ or hyperactivity and impulsivity. These symptoms can lead to difficulty in academic, emotional, and social functioning. Studies in the United States indicate approximately 8%- 10% of children satisfy diagnostic criteria for ADHD (ADHD...
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...Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Sabra Serreyn PSYCH3002 Developing a Psychological Perspective Controversies in Psychology Position Paper Capella University December, 2015 Abstract This paper discusses the most effective treatment for children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Increasing research has been recommending a combination of both pharmaceutical and psychotherapy treatments. DuPaul and White (2006) state that both the disruptive behavior and genetic aspects need to be addressed, therefore recommending treatment of both medication and behavioral intervention. There has also been a spike in psychiatrists suggesting alternative options in place of medication. Block and Smith (2015) express concern for the side effects of medication and should focus on the behavioral modification aspects. With that being said, the authors do state that medication may help in conjunction with behavioral therapy. Others argue that medication is the answer to resolving symptoms of ADHD because it can repair gray matter in a certain part of the brain. The conclusion comes together stating that all symptoms and treatments need to be taken into consideration in developing a combination therapy strategy. This is the most advantageous and ethical manner of working with a diagnosis. Choosing the Most Effective Treatment for ADHD Diagnosing children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been on the rise at...
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...That question is the essence of ADHD. ADHD stands for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. ADHD is defined as a “persistent pattern of inattention and / or hyperactivity-impulsivity that is more frequent and severe than is typically observed in individuals at a comparable level of development (APA, p. 78).” Since there is an abundance of information concerning this topic, this paper will focus on the nature and effects of ADHD, highlighting cognitive and genetic research, while taking into consideration the role of culture. Nature of ADHD The clinical history of the behavioral syndrome underlying the ADHD diagnosis can be traced back over 200 years in medical literature (Palmer and Finger, 2001). Currently, ADHD is a diagnosis formulated by the American Psychiatric Association (APA, 1994) on the basis of clinical criteria. The criteria describes chronic behavioral symptoms of inattention, impulsiveness and hyperactivity that are presented to a degree that significantly interfere with a person’s family and peer relations as well as their educational and or occupational functioning. There are, according to the current DSM IV TR criteria, three main sub-types of ADHD: The mainly hyperactive / impulsive sub-type (314.01), the mainly inattentive sub-type (314.00) and the combined hyperactive-impulsive / inattentive sub-type (314.01). International prevalence rates vary between three and six percent of school aged children and young people. ADHD applies social and cultural boundaries...
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...Over-prescribing of ADHD Medication to Children Lesley M. Thomas University of Houston- Clear Lake What is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder? According to the National Library of Medicine, Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder is defined as, “a problem of not being able to focus, being overactive, not being able to control behavior, or a combination of these.” (www.nlm.nih.gov) For a diagnosis of this disorder, generally referred to simply as ADHD, these issues must be out of the normal range for a person’s age and development. Although the majority of diagnoses are given to children and adolescents, there are also a vast number of ADHD cases diagnosed for adults. The purpose of my research paper is to offer background on this disorder, discuss the psychopharmacology of its treatment options, and to discuss whether ADHD medication is over-prescribed to children. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) states that Attention Deficit Hyperactivity has three different subtypes. Those subtypes are Predominantly Inattentive, Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive, and a combination of the two. In order for the Predominantly Inattentive subtype to be used, at least six or more symptoms of inattention must be both present and persistent for at least six months. However, there must be fewer than six symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity. For usage of the Hyperactivity-Impulsivity subtype to be used, there must be a persistent presence of at least six...
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...Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a mental condition that affects ~5-10% of children with symptoms such as inattentiveness, impulsiveness, and hyperactivity. While both children and adults can have ADHD, it is typically diagnosed in children around the age of seven. Along with inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness, ADHD is also thought to lead to other behavioral issues including substances use/abuse and addiction. Since ADHD can continue through adolescence and into adulthood, it is important to learn if this disorder puts individuals at risk substance use. The object of one study conducted by Brooke S.G. Molina and William E. Pelham, Jr. was to clarify the magnitude of risk for early substance use and SUD in clinic-referred children with ADHD compared to children without ADHD. Their results were published in the Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 2003, Vol.112, No.3, in their paper titled, “Childhood Predictors of Adolescent Substance use in a Longitudinal Study of Children with ADHD”. The research was performed by two distinguished psychologists, Dr. Molina and her mentor, Dr. Pelham, both of whom have significant experience in studying ADHD in children. The article reference section was lengthy and covered numerous topics of children behavior specific to ADHA issues. The authors themselves had several other publications included in the References. The longitudinal study followed two sets of children: one set of 142 clinical-referred children with ADHD and one set of 100...
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