...I chose Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. ADHD is a chronic condition where it affects millions of children and can be carried into adulthood. It is usually diagnosed in children who are in school. The symptoms of this disorder are many and include the difficulty in paying attention when asked a question or given a task. Many children with this have issues with keeping or making friends at school and have low self-esteem. They are easily distracted and fidget with their hands and feet or are in constant motion. They tend to be very talkative and they will interrupt or interject comments into other conversations, they also are impatient and have a hard time taking turns. Organization and completing tasks and school work become difficult. The behaviors with this disorder can be different with males, who are hyper and females who are quietly inattentive with ADHD being more common in males. The cause of ADHD is not clear, although there are many contributing factors that may lead to this disorder in many children. Heredity is the most common and if you have a blood relative diagnosed, then your chances are likely to carry this genetically. There are other factors that will contribute to this disorder such as maternal health during pregnancy, a mother who smokes, abuses alcohol and drugs is likely to have a child affected with this disorder. The environment will also play a role with the exposure to lead in paint and pipes of older houses. Premature birth is...
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...ADHD Have you ever noticed that some people have difficulty sitting still, paying attention or controlling impulsive behavior? Sure we all have, we are even victims of these acts ourselves. What if it became so pervasive and persistent that it interferes with your daily life, including home, social, academic, and work settings? Then you would be diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder or also known as ADHD. You shouldn’t be alarmed or afraid; between 3% and 5% of the population in this country are affected by ADHD. Besides in this medically advanced society you can always be told what your disorder is, how to Diagnosis the problem, and how to get treated. Once you have information you are in control. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a neurobiological disability. This disability has three major sub types; ADHD primarily inattentive type, ADHD primarily hyperactive/impulsive type, and ADHD combined type. “ children most likely represent a continuum of attention and activity / impulsivity problems”(Semrud-Clekeman, Nielsen, Clinton, Sylvester, Parle, and Connor, 1999, p. 587) ADHD primarily inattentive type also known as ADHD-I is when a person fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes, has difficulty sustaining attention, does not appear to listen, struggles to follow through, has difficulty with organization, avoids or dislikes tasks requiring sustained mental effort, is easily distracted and is forgetful in daily activities...
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...Introduction Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has long been a controversial topic due to its’ causes, diagnosis, as well as the treatments. Some critics of this controversy deny the very existence of ADHD as a mental disorder and believe that the physicians along with pharmaceutical industry are conspired with one another just to fill their pockets. While others believe that not only ADHD is a genetic mental disorder but also a disorder that may be caused by the environmental factors like geographical location, parenting and diet. Furthermore, many studies show that ADHD is in fact a mental disorder that affects many children and adults. ADHD is not over diagnosed and needs to be treated, however the treatment should not consist...
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... If a child fidgets, day dreams, forgets where they placed things, talks excessively, or has trouble getting along with other children then they are labeled as disruptive and hyper. This is what leads to children being diagnosed with ADHD or Attention – Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder. “ADHD is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders of childhood” (CDC, 2014). Knowing what ADHD is, the credibility of the site that is providing the information, and the audience that the web page targets are key to finding information on the disease that is credible, factual, and easy to understand. ADHD is usually diagnosed in children and can last up into adulthood. “It is normal for children to have trouble focusing and behaving at one time or another” (CDC, 2014). Children that struggle with ADHD have symptoms that cause difficulty at school, home, and in friendships. According to the CDC, signs of ADHD include daydreaming, losing things and forgetting things, squirming, talkative, take risks, make unnecessary mistakes, struggle with resisting temptation, struggle with taking turns, and find difficulty in getting along with others. “ADHD is diagnosed much more often in boys than in girls” (Berger, 2014). ADHD is broken down into three types that categorize those suffering by which symptom is more powerful then others. The three categories are Predominantly Inattentive Presentation, Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Presentation, and Combined Presentation...
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...UNDERSTANDING ADULT ADHD ALENE CAMP UNIVERSITY OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA PRINCIPLES OF PSYCHOLOGY Orisade Awodola, M.A., Ph.D 06/04/2013 UNDERSTANDING ADULT ADHD TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………….…………………………3 DEFINITION OF ADHD…………………………………………………………………………4 SYMPTOMS AND DIAGNOSIS OF ADULT ADHD………………….………………………4 TREATMENT OF ADULT ADHD………………………………………………………………7 RECENT CHANGES AS DEFINED IN DSM V…………………………………….………….7 SUMMARY……………………………………………………………………………………….9 REFERENCES……………………..……………………………………………………………11 ABSTRACT Childhood ADHD receives a lot of media attention. From opinions of faulty diagnoses to general disagreements regarding types and amounts of medication used to treat the symptoms, there is a running dialogue in the media and annals of schools and homes. However, little is known about adult ADHD. This paper will analyze current research to glean a clear idea of what exactly is Adult ADHD, symptoms and prescribed treatments and will discuss current trends and changes in the field of psychology as it relates to ADHD. UNDERSTANDING ADULT ADHD Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been a topic of media, parents, educators and the community for years. Debates range from those curious about the actual definition of ADHD to those concerned with medications prescribed for its treatment. Primarily seen as a disorder that affects school aged children, little is known about ADHD as it progresses into...
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...Three major types of ADHD include the following: * ADHD, combined type This, the most common type of ADHD, is characterized by impulsive and hyperactive behaviors as well as inattention and distractibility. * ADHD, impulsive/hyperactive type This, the least common type of ADHD, is characterized by impulsive and hyperactive behaviors without inattention and distractibility. * ADHD, inattentive and distractible type This type of ADHD is characterized predominately by inattention and distractibility without hyperactivity. The possible causes (you must include information regarding each possible cause: biology, genetics and environment) * Multiple factors have been implicated in the development of ADHD. It can run in families, and studies indicate that genes may play a role. Certain environmental factors also may increase risk, as can problems with the central nervous system at key moments in development. Brain chemistry ADHD is thought to be caused by an imbalance of two chemical messengers, or neurotransmitters, in the brain. Researchers think that these chemicals might play an important role in ADHD. * Genetics Research suggests that ADHD tends to run in families. However, this does not mean that all children in a family will have the disorder. * Environment Certain external factors, such as smoking during pregnancy or complications during pregnancy, delivery, or infancy, may contribute to ADHD. The importance of a medical diagnosis and...
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...Caring for Children with ADHD Carrie Pernitza ENG/147 Prof. Mallory Dunkley November 30, 2015 Caring for Children with ADHD ADHD stands for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. It is one of the most common childhood disorders and can continue through adolescence and adulthood. ADHD has been a recognized disorder for over 50 years. There are three different types of ADHD. The disorder affects both males and females. ADHD does not affect intellectual ability, individuals with this disorder are just as smart as others. Doctors and researchers are still not sure why some people have ADHD. Researchers show that the disorder of ADHD probably genetic and that it may be inherited. Scientists are also exploring other things that may be associated with ADHD. It is usually first diagnosed in childhood and often lasts into adulthood. ADHD is more common in kids who are born premature. The disorder affects both the females and the males. Experts have thought that ADHD occurs in three times as many boys as girls. Recently however, boys are more hyperactive then girls would be with this disorder. Hyperactive boys tend to be referred for evaluation somewhere between ages five and seven, and where girls sometimes goes undiagnosed due to it not being fully detectable in females. The three different subtypes of ADHD are predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, predominantly inattentive, or combined hyperactive-impulsive and inattentive. Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive...
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...Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder or more commonly known as ADHD is a disorder that is common in childhood that continues into adolescence. ADHD is a neurological disorder that affects how the brain receives, processes and responds to information (The National Center for Learning Disabilities, 2014). The main symptoms of ADHD include difficulty staying focused and paying attention, difficulty controlling behavior, and hyperactivity (Brady). Many children suffer from ADHD without being diagnosed because the symptoms are different from child to child. There are three different categories of ADHD. These include predominantly hyperactive impulses, predominantly inattentive, and combined hyperactive-impulses and inattention (Brady). A child can be diagnosed with one of these three categories of ADHD depending on their specific symptoms but most children have a combination of hyperactive-impulses and inattention. The cause of ADHD is unknown but researchers are continually searching for answers. There are many different indications as to what causes ADHD such as genes, environmental factors and possibly the central nervous system (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2013). Several environmental factors have been identified as supposed risk factors for ADHD. In utero events such as maternal stress during pregnancy (Talge, Neal, & Glover, 2007), prenatal exposure to tobacco, alcohol and other drugs/environmental toxins, (Ribas-Fitó et al., 2006) (Pineda et a., 2007), pregnancy/birth complications...
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...Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Have you ever known someone who struggles with being unorganized, unable to listen, have behavior problems or interrupts conversations frequently? Have you ever thought that their brain is wired a little differently? That question is the essence of ADHD. ADHD stands for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. ADHD is defined as a “persistent pattern of inattention and / or hyperactivity-impulsivity that is more frequent and severe than is typically observed in individuals at a comparable level of development (APA, p. 78).” Since there is an abundance of information concerning this topic, this paper will focus on the nature and effects of ADHD, highlighting cognitive and genetic research, while taking into consideration the role of culture. Nature of ADHD The clinical history of the behavioral syndrome underlying the ADHD diagnosis can be traced back over 200 years in medical literature (Palmer and Finger, 2001). Currently, ADHD is a diagnosis formulated by the American Psychiatric Association (APA, 1994) on the basis of clinical criteria. The criteria describes chronic behavioral symptoms of inattention, impulsiveness and hyperactivity that are presented to a degree that significantly interfere with a person’s family and peer relations as well as their educational and or occupational functioning. There are, according...
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...Roark HCA/240 September 27th 2015 Kim Dankert ADHD is defined as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Individuals that have this disorder cannot keep their attention focused for very long, or on one particular subject for very long. Individuals can also be over active and very impulsive. The cause of this disorder has not been determined but there has been evidence that ADHD is a genetic disorder. ADHD use to be considered strictly ADD (attention deficit disorder), and it was once used to only describe school-aged children, but it is no longer considered a DSM diagnosis. In children, if they were hyper, they were considered ADHD, even if they really were not. Children can be hyper but not have this disorder. There are some misconceptions when it comes to ADHD. It is believed that ADHD is limited to only childhood. It has a chronic lifelong course and, if left untreated, results can be found in school and work failure, substance use disorders, legal difficulties, car accidents and fatalities. There are several different medications that have been used for treatment for this disorder. The most known medication is an oral medication called Ritalin. ADHD affects about ten percent of school-aged children. Boys are three times more likely to be living with ADHD symptoms, than girls are. Symptoms of ADHD in children include, but are not limited to lack of attention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Symptoms of ADHD in adults include problems with relationships and...
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...Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) ADHD is known as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. ADHD is a neurocognitive behavioral developmental disorder most commonly seen in childhood and adolescence, which often extends well into adulthood. This is the most diagnosed behavior disorder in children. Recent studies have shown that it affects 7% to 8% of the school-aged children and 4% to 5% in adults. This disorder tends to occur more with males than females (Antshel). People that have ADHD can experience many behavioral difficulties that often manifest into behavioral issues. Although there is no proven way to prevent ADHD, With the proper diagnosis and treatment, people with ADHD can learn to cope with the daily demands of the classroom, social situations, and with family. The behaviors that are associated with ADHD can create other problems and complications such as, failure to completing ones’ education, alcohol and other drug abuse, and an increased risk for delinquency. ADHD symptoms fall into three groups: lack of attention (inattentiveness), hyperactivity, and impulsive behavior (impulsivity) (Antshel). People with ADHD are easily distracted, forget instructions and have a poor short term memory. Most people with ADHD are often unable to sit still and are often restless and fidgety. These symptoms tend to occur more frequently in busy or highly stimulating group settings, like the classroom/office and family gatherings. Typically, increased stimuli and...
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...debates on which treatment is more effective on treating the effects of ADHD. This report provides you with background information about ADHD, the types it’s broken down into, whom it affects, the percentage of adolescents taking medication. Also information on what behavioral therapy is provided. Two studies that have tested a group of children, affected by ADHD, and the types of treatments in order to find out which treatment provides the best results on reducing the effects of ADHD. Introduction Attention deficient hyperactivity disorder is a growing behavioral disorder among America’s adolescents. ADHD is a growing mainly among children from ages 4 through 17. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention 9.5 percent of children ages 4 through 17 have been diagnosed with ADHD as of the year 2007. The CDC also reports that on average the rate of ADHD diagnoses has increased 5.5 percent per year from 2003 to 2007. Boys are about twice as likely to have been diagnosed with ADHD than girls according to the CDC, and diagnoses increase among older teens than among children. ADHD was formerly referred to as Attention Deficient Disorder, ADD, but in 1994 the disorder was classified into three subtypes based on different behavioral patterns and was renamed (Kingsley). The three subtypes of ADHD include a hyperactive impulsive type, an inattentive type, and a combined type (Kingsley). Each subtype of ADHD differs in symptoms. The hyperactive impulsive type includes fidgeting...
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...Maladaptive behavior such as attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is common among children. The diagnosis of ADHD in adults can be more difficult than in children. There are many controversial issues surrounding adult/child (ADHD) which include history, symptoms, treatment, and causes. Historically speaking, ADHD is generally thought to be a childhood disorder. However, data suggest that many adults, both male and female are affected. Most patients diagnosed during childhood carry the disorder into adulthood. Studies show that out of the number of adult cases, over 50 percent were ADHD as children. Nevertheless, women tend not to be diagnosed as children because they never made trouble. Instead, they are often called daydreamers or disorganized. However, the cognitive problems such as being attentive exist. In addition, of the children diagnosed with the disorder, over 80 percent were boys. This disorder presents different symptoms in adults than in children. Adults are first evaluated according to their personal account of symptoms. Some of these symptoms may include problems with organizational skills, being easily frustrated, unable to prioritize, quick tempered, impulsive, trouble coping with stress, finding it hard to finish tasks, trouble keeping a job, and defiance of authority figures. The individual may also forget important engagements or speak out of turn, giving no thought to what he or she says. Personality traits of the individual may range from being...
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...Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is defined as a pattern of continued shortfalls to attention as well as impulsive hyperactivity, which occurs permanently more than expected throughout the moderate growth, and which appears clearly in the variety of statuses(APA, 2000). This situation dramatically leads to various deteriorations in the child's progress in both of social and academic aspects.(Mayes,Bagwell and Erkulwater, 2009). (ADHD) is described as a chaotic behavior disorder with particular deficit in Address the neuropsychological symptoms . However, (ADHD) supposed to be basically related to neuropsychological (Tannock and Brown, 2000). One of the momentous theories in ADHD has indicated that this disorder is developmental disorder which often includes the inability to perform functions with the main deficit in the control of behaviour. Consequently, these behavioural disabilities might lead to a shortfall in other aspects of the executive functions, for instance working memory, arrangement and verbal fluency (Panzer and Viljoen, 2005). A group of researchers observed that the children who suffer from ADHD and have proof of the shortage of these children in the executive functions (Chhabildas, Pennington and Willcutt, 2001; Berlin et al., 2004). Cognitive deteriorations in the executive performance is evident in children clearly with troubles in social and emotional functions (Debonis,Ylvisaker and Kundert, 2000). However, there are various studies...
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...Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Medications Misuse The medications that are used to treat Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are tough, especially when abused, and will have a long impact on the patients and the abusers. Treatment, in the form of prescription drugs is available to assist these individuals, yet can be damaging to others who either are misdiagnosed or mismanaged. Additional laws and policies are put in place by our elected officials to help ensure the prescribed medications reach the intended patients ensuing in lower abuse. ADHD is described as the “most common neurological disorder ("Facts about ADHD". Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Centers for Disease Control and Preventation) is a condition that affects many children and adults across the world. The diagnosis and treatment for one that has ADHD is on the increase in this country, and the signs and symptoms are significant for people to notice. ADHD first appears in children who may show a mixture of disruptive problems which includes impulsive behavior, low self-esteem, hyperactivity, and poor performance in school/work. Children that are treated for this disorder are more likely to carry it up until their adolescence, but for some others, ADHD sometimes become a life-long modification into their adulthood. Particularly for males, hyperactivity is a huge signal they need to be tested for attention deficit. For females the signs are reverse, leading to many under...
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