...Claims Adjudication Process The claims adjudication process has five steps. The steps are initial processing, automated review, manual review, determination, and payment. In the initial processing paper claims and any paper attachments are stamped with the date and entered into the payer’s computer system, by either data-entry personnel or by scanning them into the system. This process might find problems such as the patient’s name, plan identification number or plan or service code is wrong. The diagnosis code may be incorrect for the date of service or it might be missing altogether, or the gender-specific procedure code is not correct for the patient’s gender. Any claims that have mistakes are rejected. The provider is instructed to correct the errors and re-bill the service. The claim goes through the automated review after the initial process. This review looks at the patient’s time limits for filing claims, referral forms, preauthorization, and the patient’s eligibility benefits. Bundled codes, non-covered services, medical review, concurrent care, utilization review, and duplicate dates of services are also checked for during the automated review. The claim is stopped if problems are found, and the claim is set aside for manual review. During manual review, more information may need to be provided so that the claim process can be finished. An examiner receives the claim, and they can ask the provider for any additional information that is necessary for...
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...The juvenile court system has the option to transfer a case to criminal court rather than a juvenile court based upon age and crime. There are three different categories for the transfer. The first type of waiver is a judcial waiver; this waiver allows the juvenile judge to transfer the case. The second is a concurrent jurisdiction is a situation where both juvenile and criminal courts have jurisdiction over the case. The last waiver is statutory exclusion where the state mandates that certain crimes require that the juvenile be charged and tried as an adult based upon the crime. There is a process to all waivers, first the intake officer or prosecutor must complete a waiver petition. Once the petition is submitted a juvenile judge reviews the case to ensure that there is probable cause that the juvenile committed the criminal act. The judge then decides at that time if the case should be transferred to the criminal courts to decide. If the judge decides to deny the waiver request there will be an adjudicatory hearing in place in the juvenile court system. At times the prosecution will argue a judges final decision to defer a case being transferred to criminal court based upon the amount of times the juvenile had been adjudicated previously by the court and the efforts had failed to rehabilitate the offender from committing the crimes. When the judge makes the final decision to transfer the case to criminal court the juvenile court system is waived of jurisdiction of the case...
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...submitting it to a detached third party or bureau for an agreement that could or could not be a binding compare. Adjudication and similar alternatives were essentially set up to give an aerodynamic and cost-conscious option to deal with a legal issue. AAA adjudicators retains dotages of business-definite awareness and maturity. The AAA's board of Adjudicators consist of more than seven thousand persons placed all over the globe. Their oversight is handled by the Association's Code of Ethics for Adjudicators in business conflicts. Facts about AAA adjudicators is feasible to the parties who have already filed a case. The AAA's guidlines and regulations cover adjudication across a wide diversity of businesses and case types. These guidelines and regulations design the steps in the settlement action and makes sure that all parties that are involved in a case are treated fairly and equitably. The Russian structure commendations international alliances to which Russia is a party as an imperative and absolute integral of Russian act. So, international alliance and meeting rules abound in the advent of a rivalry with private Russian act. For consideration to foreign adjudication Russia is also involved in the meeting on the appreciation and administration of Foreign Arbitral Awards of 1958 “New York Convention”, and also to the European meeting on Foreign Business Adjudication of 1961. Russia also belongs to many reciprocal alliances on the bilateral admission and imposition of arbitral...
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...There are five steps in the claims adjudication process. Initial processing is the first step. Initial processing finds any problems such as; name, identification number, or the plan of service code is wrong. This has to be fixed before anything further can happen. Automated review is a system that checks for ten things that maybe reflected on their payment policy. The review checks for the following; patient’s time limits for filing claims, referral forms, preauthorization, and the patient’s eligibility benefits, bundled codes, non-covered services, medical review, concurrent care, utilization review, and duplicate dates of service. The third step is manual review. Manual review happens if problems occur from the previous review; the claim is suspended and set aside for development. This step is usually followed to review the medical necessity of an unlisted procedure. Determination is the fourth important step. This is where the decision is made to pay it, deny it, or to pay it at a reduced level. If the service falls within normal standings, it will be paid. If it is not reimbursable, the item on the claim is denied. If the examiner determines that the service was at too high a level for the diagnosis, a lower-level code is assigned. The last step is making a payment. If payment is due, the payer sends it to the provider along with a transaction that explains the payment decisions to the provider. Adjudication process is an important process because it checks for any errors...
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...link for assistance with questions related to creating a flow chart in Microsoft® Word at: http://support.microsoft.com/ 3. Create a flow chart using Microsoft® Word illustrating the five steps of the claims adjudication process from the time of initial processing through final payment. Include a brief 250- to 300-word explanation for the following: · Identify the purpose for each step in claim adjudication process. · Explain the relationship between each of the different steps. · Provide a one-sentence summary describing how claims adjudication is important to the medical billing process. The claims adjudication process has five steps. These steps are initial process, automated review, manual review, determination, and payment. In the initial process, problems such as the patient’s name, plan of service code, or the plan identification number may be wrong. The diagnosis code may be incorrect for the date of service or might be missing altogether, or it might be that a reported gender-specific code and the patient’s gender do not match up. Any claims that have mistaken are rejected. The provider is instructed by the payer to correct the errors and submit the claim again. The claim goes through the automated review after the initial process. This reviews looks at the patient’s time limits for filing claims, referral forms, preauthorization, and the patient’s eligibility benefits. Bundled codes, non-covered services, medical review, concurrent care...
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...Who is the creater of CP/M? [Kildall] Who is the head of the Multics project. [Carbato] Which OS’s process scheduler reduces priority and increases quantum. [CTSS] Which one is the difference between a semaphore and monitor. [Last choice] If a system has 16 drives and each process can have 4 drives. What is the maximum number of n that the system is deadlock free. [5] Given the sequence below which processes will cause a page fault. (for FIFO – LRU) Write a loop that would create 10 child processes. (No more than 10). If a file is shared by two processes, can have read-only and the other read-write access. If yes how, if not what prevent it. What are some of the security features in UNIX or NT. How does NTFS directory system work. How does UNIX directory system work. Pick a Unix UNIX process scheduler and explain how (not why or when) it favors I/O bound processes to CPU bound processes. Explain and compare I/O software (programmed, interrupt, DMA). What is the problem with RAID4 and explain how RAID5 solves the problem. Disk arm scheduling algorithms readuce read time but what does Linux additionally do. How does Workingset Clock algorithm work. If seektime is 8msec and each track is 160KB. What is the access time to read 4KB. Couffman listed four requirements for a deadlock. Describe fourth one and how to prevent it. What are the advantages of inverted page tables. What is a soft link. Implement soft link and hard links...
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...Fall 2011 COMP 3511 Homework Assignment #1 Solution Handout Date: Sept. 22, 2011 Due Date: Oct. 6, 2011 Name: ______________ ID: ___________________ E-Mail: _____________ COMP 3511 L __ Please read the following instructions carefully before answering the questions: You should finish the homework assignment individually. There are a total of 4 questions. When you write your answers, please try to be precise and concise. Fill in your name, student ID, email and Section number at the top of each page. Submissions without this information will be discarded. Please fill in your answers in the space provided, or you can type your answers in a Word file. Homework Collection: the hardcopy is required and the homework is collected at the collection box (#6, #7) or in class. (22 points) Please answer the following question in 2-3 sentences 1) (8 points) What is the benefit of Direct Memory Access (DMA)? Is interrupt still needed when a DMA is used? Can DMA operations possibly interfere with CPU operations? 1. Answer: This frees up the CPU during I/O operation, so the CPU can be better used; Or to improve the CPU utilization (3 points). Interrupt is still needed when the DMA operation is completed in order to inform the CPU (2 points). If a DMA and CPU access memory at the same time, it can interfere with each other (3 points). 2) (4 points) Why is it necessary to separate user mode and kernel mode? Answer: This provides some level of protection so that user programs...
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...Chapter 2 OPERATING SYSTEM CONCEPTS SYS-ED/ Computer Education Techniques, Inc. Solaris System Administration: Introduction Operating System Concepts Objectives You will learn: • Operating system components. • Solaris usage of processes. • File management and file systems. • Use of the Solaris Management Console. SYS-ED/COMPUTER EDUCATION TECHNIQUES, INC. (Solaris – System Admin: Intro - 6.5) Ch 2: Page i Solaris System Administration: Introduction 1 Operating System Concepts Operating System: Definition An operating system is the set of programs that controls a computer. The core of the operating system is the kernel. The kernel is a control program that functions in privileged state that allows all hardware instructions to be executed. It reacts to interrupts from external devices and to service requests and traps from processes. The kernel creates and terminates processes and responds to requests for service. Operating systems are resource managers. The main resource is computer hardware in the form of processors, storage, input/output devices, communication devices, and data. Operating system functions include: • Implementing the user interface. • Sharing hardware among users. • Allowing users to share data among themselves. • Preventing users from interfering with one another. • Scheduling resources among users. • Facilitating input/output. • Recovering from errors...
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...UNDERSTANDING THREADS Simply put, a thread is a program's path of execution. Most programs written today run as a single thread, causing problems when multiple events or actions need to occur at the same time. Let's say, for example, a program is not capable of drawing pictures while reading keystrokes. The program must give its full attention to the keyboard input lacking the ability to handle more than one event at a time. The ideal solution to this problem is the seamless execution of two or more sections of a program at the same time. Threads allow us to do this. A process is essentially a "heavy" unit of multitasking: as an approximation, think of it as an "application" (though it can include 'background' or 'system' processes such as your battery monitor, mouse and keyboard server, PDA synchronization tool etc). A thread, on the other hand, is a more "lightweight" unit. Threads are can be seen essentially sub processes. Informally, we can think of them as tasks that belong to a program and that can run "simultaneously". For them to run simultaneously, each of these two tasks will run in a separate thread. Depending on the number of CPUs available and the number of competing threads, some of those threads actually will run in parallel on different CPUs, whilst in other cases the illusion of simultaneous execution will be achieved by "juggling" threads in and out of the available CPUs. A part of the OS called the thread scheduler takes care of deciding...
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...Chris and Pat Smith, and Martin and Miller decided it was best to have a termination contact set in place to secure all partakers in their final decisions. They noted it was best for all to have precise, clear explanations all of all essential fundamentals for the termination of their business partnership. An acknowledgement of the effective termination date would need to be set, and all potential risks, if any, should be stated for all parties. The owners and the chefs would meet for a period of 30 minutes and try to dissolve their partnership. The owners and the chefs blame each other for the failure of At Your Service; however, all partakers should act as responsible, mature adults during the meeting. It would speed up the termination process; especially if all partakers can...
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...Case Study Tresa Jellison HCS/483 November 12, 2012 Dr. Kaderie Case Study The basic IT implementation process is the whole process of setting up and running an IT based program for a company. It starts from the beginning to the end of the process and throughout the whole process even after the last step has been taken. You have the planning stage, and this will include what exactly what you are looking for and what you want the program to do and how it will operate. Who will be using this program and who will it be beneficial to. You will have to go and get bids or quotes from companies that can provide this type of service. Depending on what is being implemented you have to do weeks, months and even years of research to ensure that the program will benefit everyone involved and that time and money is not being wasted. A lot of the things that were done are this analysis did not follow the fundamentals of implementation. During the execution of the program there where many bugs that had to be fixed that could have been prevented if the right questions and queries where ran before going live. There should have been a trial or practice run before the whole system went live. And they should have not done it at all of the sites. Only a couple of the sites should have had the program and should have been using it to get the bugs out. There were way off budget and there were a lot of hidden details that should have been reported. At least this way there would have...
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...Labs Lab 4.1: Using Linux Command-Line Basics What is the purpose? This lab demonstrates how to redirect data from a process and how to identify and kill a process. What are the steps? • Task 1: Redirecting and piping standard output Procedure 1. Obtain a list of files from the home directory, including the hidden files. Redirect the output to a file named Listing by using the ls -a > listing command. 2. Obtain a long list of files, including the hidden files, and append the output to the same file. 3. Use the cat listing | less command to view the file and pipe the output to less. 4. Use the cat command to view the file again. However, this time, pipe the output to lpr to print the file. 5. Redirect the output of ls to the special file /dev/null. What happens? It’s redirected to dev/null Why? It’s null. • Task 2: Putting tasks in the background and terminating the job Procedure 1. Use the tail –f command to view your listing file from the previous task. The –f option tells tail to follow changes; therefore, the file will continue to run this command until you cancel the command by pressing Ctrl+C. Put the file in the background using the tail -f listing & command. You may need to press Enter again to view the command prompt. 2. Put the process in the background and display the prompt again. Run the top command in the foreground. This will provide you a list of your top 20 processes by CPU usage. Put this list in the background and stop it by pressing...
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...are compared. Process Management, File Management, Memory Management, and Security are going to be compared between Windows, Linux, UNIX, and Mac operating systems. Every operating system is different and is interesting to see how every piece of software has the same outcome but has different procedures in between. Process management is defined as how the OS manages multiple programs running at the same time. A thread is a feature of an OS that enables parallel processing within a single process. UNIX, Windows, and Mach are all multitasking systems that support both processes and threads. They can be compared in several respects with regard to the process management features. When executing a program on UNIX, the system creates an environment for that program. In this setting there is everything needed to execute that program. The OS tracks processes though a five digit number Recognized as the Process ID. Each process has its own unique PID. PID’s ultimately repeat because all the probable numbers are used, and the next PID repeats the system again. At any time, no two Processes with the same PID occur in the system, because it is the PID that UNIX uses to track its processes. Each UNIX process has two ID numbers. The PID or process ID, and PPID or Parent process ID. Each user process in the system has a PPID. Normally, when a child process is killed, the parent process is told by a SIGCHLD signal. Then the parent can do another task, or restart a new process as needed. When...
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...When being ask a question in today’s society, the automatic answer or reaction in order find a solution would be through the use of technology. We as the people have grown dependent on the world of the Internet, the accessibility of our phones and uses of clocks. A thought that we find hard to comprehend is that just about thirty years ago some of these tools did not exist. How has technology affected our minds and the way we think or even process information? Can we say we have turned our brains into a living computer, or are so dependent on outside answers that we have stopped thinking for ourselves? Now and days we have entered a state of obliviousness on how little knowledge and wisdom we truly have. It is very interesting to think about on how technology especially the television could affect our attention span and the information that is being given to us. In Postman’s “Amusing Ourselves to Death” he states a precise point “the average length of a shot on network television is only 3.5 seconds, so that the eye never rests, always has something to see” (86). This statement alone shows and proves on how peoples attention span is constantly shifting and changing focus to see what else is there is to see or what is next to come. As the Internet becoming more useful to people, written stories or narratives are becoming more extinct. In the article “The Transition to Digital Journalism” the author Paul Grabowicz’s stated, “Younger people in particular are said...
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...SYSTEM Thread of execution is the smallest sequence of programmed instructions that can be managed independently by an operating system scheduler. The scheduler itself is a light-weight process. The implementation of threads and processes differs from one operating system to another, but in most cases, a thread is contained inside a process. Multiple threads can exist within the same process and share resources such as memory, while different processes do not share these resources. In particular, the threads of a process share its code and its context . On a single processor, multithreading is generally implemented by time-division multiplexing (as in multitasking): the processor switches between different threads. This context switching generally happens frequently enough that the user perceives the threads or tasks as running at the same time. On a multiprocessor or multi-core system, threads can be truly concurrent, with every processor or core executing a separate thread simultaneously. Many modern operating systems directly support both time-sliced and multiprocessor threading with a process scheduler. The kernel of an operating system allows programmers to manipulate threads via the system call interface. Some implementations are called a kernel thread, whereas a lightweight process (LWP) is a specific type of kernel thread that shares the same state and information. Threads are created like normal tasks, with the exception that the clone() system call...
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