...1. The word law is defined as a system of principles and processes by which people in a society deal with disputes and problems, seeking to solve or settle them without resorting to force. And the three sources from which law is derived is common, statutory, and adminstrative law. Common law refers to the body of principles that evolved and expanded from judicial decisions that arise during the trail of court cases. Statutory law is written law emanating from a legislative body. Administrative law is the extensive body of public law issued by either state or federal agencies to direct the enacted laws of the federal and state governments. 2. The four objectives of tort law are as follows: (1) preservation of peace between individuals by providing a substitute for retaliation; (2) culpability (to find fault for wrongdoing); (3) deterrence (to discourage the wrongdoer [tort-feasor] from committing future wrongful acts); and (4) compensation (to indemnify the person/s injured). 3. The four elements that must be proven in order to be successful in a negligence suit are as follows: duty to care which must be an obligation to conform to a recognized standard of care, breach of duty which must be deviation from the recognized standard of care and must be a failure to adhere to an obligation, injury to actual damages must be established and if there are no injuries, no monetary damages are due to the plaintiff, and causation which the departure from the standard of care must be the cause...
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...Module 1.1 Lesson 1.1 What is Law? * Is a set of rules made by the government that are enforceable in the court of law 1. Law and Social Control * Is a form of social control that it can used to influence and change people’s behavior 2. Public and public order * Through “legal intruments”. The government maintain public order by sanctioning wrong-doers who violate the law. 3. Law and human relations 4. Law and the workplace * The law places responsiblilty on the employer 5. Characteristics of the law 6. What is law not * Customs traditions, religions, manners and mortality are some exmaples of social controls Lesson 1.2 * The Rule of law * Is a fundamental principle which states that no one is above the law and everyone should be subject to the law equally 1. No person is above the law 2. No one can be punished by the state except for a breach of the law 3. No one can be convicted of breaching the law except in the manner set forth by the law itself Lesson 1.3 * Origin of Canadian Law and Legal traditions * Canada is a “bijural contry with two distinct trditons * Which are 1. Common Law 2. Civil Law 3. Aborigianl law * Legal tradition 1. Civil Law * It’s “inquisitorial” in nature, meaning “the court and judges are actively involved in investigating the facts of the case * Also emphasize on “codification”, where the law is a written correction that...
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...Adminstrative Ethics Paper Lonijoy Gardiner HCS/ 335 June 13, 2010 Tyler Zerwekh Adminstrative Ethics Paper Today we are going look into a commissioner that is fighting to keep his job despite having a felony. Is this ethical right? What are some issues with employing an individual with felonies? These are all questions that we need to ask ourselves. This article talks about a Kentwood Commissioner Ray VerWys, in 2001 he was convicted of embezzling between “$20,000 and $50,000 involving his employer” (Lafurgey, 2011). He was also convicted of a second case and pleaded guilty later in the year. He did not tell the public when he ran for commissioner that he was convicted of felonies. His co-workers want him out of office. They feel that he was honest and that as a public official there are certain standards that need to be maintained by a public official. One unethical issue that is an issue is VerWys was not honest. In a public standard it is improtant for a person to be honest and let the public know what happened any why. We have seen many cases in government where politicans are not honest and it all comes out later in life. Take John Edwards for example, took campaign money and spent it on his mistress. He claims he does nothing wrong and should not be charged with embezzlement. According to a federal jusdge in North Carolina “We will not permit candadiates for high office to abuse their special ability to access the coffers of their political supporters...
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...Compensation and Benefits Plan Our team has been asked to develop some compensation and benefit recommendations for our client based on their planned expansion to Arizona. The expansion in Arizona will increase the number of employees to 130. Annual revenue is expected to increase the first year to $10,300,000. Currently, there are 41 commercial construction projects in Arizona, and it is recommended the company pursue commercial retail. (Commercial Construction Projects in Arizona, 2013) . The team’s recommendation is based on; market evaluations of similar companies, Arizona pay and benefits laws, and a company structure to create a compensation and benefits strategy. Sundt Construction, a medium sized construction company headquartered in Tempe Arizona, was founded in 1890 by Mauritz Martinsen Sundt. Sundt offers their employees a somewhat generous compensation package which includes not only the basics of retirement and health care, but also added perks such as continuing education (The Sundt Exprience, 2013). Sundt offers a generous health care plan which includes vision care and prescription benefits. Sundt offers several different medical plans to include one plan that has no monthly premium charge (because of employee ownership) for employees and their dependents which is a Preferred Provider Organization (PPO) network. Sundt maintains a wellness where employees receive a $350 credit for health expenses related to improving or maintaining health. Sundt...
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...Criminal Procedure Policy Order and liberty are two areas within criminal procedure that have tension among one another (book). Order is a stronger approach toward the criminal justice system than liberty. Liberty concerns an individual’s rights to due process, which means everybody deserves the same rights when arrested regardless of the circumstances such as poor person versus a rich person. The two models that were developed by Herbert Packer were the crime control model and the due process model (book). Both models have similarities as well as differences and not one is “good” and the other “bad” according to Packer. The two primary goals within the criminal justice system are the need to enforce law and maintain social order and the need to protect people from injustice (defenseinvestigator). The fourth, fifth, sixth, and fourteenth amendments play a signifigant role when analyzing both the due process model and the crime control model. This paper will further explore both models as well as how the models view the fourth, fifth, and sixth amendments and how the fourteenth amendment gives the same rights on a state level as well as federal. Crime Control Model The crime control model is a stern approach to the criminal justice system. As described by Hubert Packer, “the crime control model is like a conveyer belt, moving cases starting from arrest to conviction in a swift and fast process (Book).” Fact finding is what defines this model. If an officer makes an...
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...that breaks the Immigration Law should be punished, even if they are not citizens of the country. According to Perez (2001), “In 1986 Congress passed the Immigration Reform and Control Act that, among other things, granted amnesty to illegal immigrants who could demonstrate continual residence in the United States prior to 1982” (Perez, 2001). Because of this law, millions of illegal immigrants can use this act to become citizens of the United States. | According to Mirram-Webster (2012), “amnesty means that the act of an authority (as a government) by which pardon is granted to a large group of individuals” (Mirram-Webster, 2012). Therefore, amnesty is unfair and unconstitutional because all of the illegal immigrants that come into the United States are pardon after they have violated the laws in this country. Why do we continue to allow these illegal immigrants to go unpunished? If it were some of the U.S. citizens breaking this law they would not be granted amnesty; they would be treated differently, so why illegal immigrants should be pardoned? Robert Byrd (2001), a West Virginia senator, says, “Illegal immigrants who have worked for many years in the United States should not be granted amnesty” (Byrd, 2001). Illegal immigrants who work in the United States should be punished because they do not have green cards or permission from the United States to come to America. Although amnesty is an approved law, many peoples do not agree with this law. On the other hand, some Americans...
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...Few good man Time from time you may hear stories of abuse by the military justice "system". There are multiple destroyed and financially devastated families out there suffering heartbreak and loss at the hands of an uncaring, unfeeling and unjust process which makes a mockery of our Bill of Rights. Military justice for the majority is prefabricated according to the wishes of the local Commander, and the "trial" or "court-martial" is tantamount to a pre-ordained verdict of GUILTY. How could any court proceeding be considered fair when the "convening authority," by right of title, is given the power to select the judge, the jury and defense and prosecution attorneys? It may go "unsaid," but the implication is very clear - if the convening authority "sees fit" to bring about a court-martial, then the accused can be assumed to be guilty. What's special, or even topical, about A Few Good Men movie is it speaks to how military honor can be so readily suborned by the authoritarian impulse. And second, how the same honest pride - not to mention competence - is necessary to bring such posturing would-be tyrants to justice. The main issue the movie touches upon is military justice. A good marine abides by the following code: 1. Unit 2. Corps 3. God and 4. Country For this code to be at its effective best, it must be governed by truth and justice. What happens when truth and justice fail to be active participants of this code? Justice has been defined in many ways...
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...Akhil Kaushal P According to The Transparency International 2006 Corruption Perceptions Index: • Most honest countries – Finland, New Zealand, Iceland, Denmark and Singapore • Most corrupt countries – Haiti, Guinea, Myanmar, Iraq, Bangladesh, Chad, Congo and Sudan • China, Brazil, Ghana, Senegal, Peru, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, India and Egypt all rank in the middle Lack of resources Explosive population growth Need stronger and more effective institutions Lack of democracy Ineffective judiciary Unfair elections Lack of free media From The Bulging Pocket and the Rule of Law: Corruption, Inequality, and Trust Inequality –> Low generalized trust & High in-group trust –> Corruption –> Inequality The dilemma of low trust in strangers and high trust only in your own group Inequality and in-group trust lead to clientelism This pattern is difficult to break Two types of inequality: Economic inequality Unfair legal system Makes it more difficult for the poor to have access to the legal system Shielding people at the top Democratic institutions are not sufficient to curb corruption Media consumption, centralization, federalism, the nature of the electoral system, the level of wages paid to officials also don't matter Structural reforms may not matter much for corruption, however: • Democratic countries are far less corrupt than nondemocracies • Countries with strong democratic...
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...Stand Your Ground Gerald Makey SOC 205 Strayer University The “Stand-your-ground law validates a person in using any physical force including deadly force, when they are not involved in illegal activity and is in a place where he or she has the right be, they have no obligation to haven and have the right to stand their ground. A quick breakdown of this law is that it give a person legal cover in the event that they find themselves in a certain situation in which their survival, or the preservation of their family necessitates them to stand their ground and use a weapon for defense. This law can be referenced back to the Supreme Court case Beard v. United States, 158 U.S. 550 (1895). It is defined in this case that, “A man assailed on his own grounds, without provocation, by a person armed with a deadly weapon and apparently seeking his life is not obliged to retreat, but may stand his ground and defend himself with such means as are within his control; and so long as there is no intent on his part to kill his antagonist, and no purpose of doing anything beyond what is necessary to save his own life, is not guilty of murder or manslaughter if death results to his antagonist from a blow given him under such circumstances (www.justia.com). In Houston, Texas a “Stand-your-ground” case has brought a lot of attention, but also a lot of controversy. In this case Raul Rodriguez was found guilty of killing his neighbor over a dispute over loud music. Rodriguez who was a retired...
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...Jacob Frederick 5-29-12 Buller Composition II Marijuana: Medicine or Menace? I have had strong feelings about this issue before it was even brought up as a topic for debate in our class. My opinion on the topic has not changed in the slightest, but I did learn a lot of interesting details concerning it. I have always felt that marijuana should be legalized, or at the very least, people with serious medical conditions should have access to it. And marijuana doesn’t even have to be legalized in my opinion, but it should definitely be decriminalized. I don’t think anyone who wants to smoke a plant that they grow themselves should have to suffer consequences, considering they are responsible in their recreational smoking. I do feel that if it were legalized, that there should be an acceptable age limit to buy and/or consume marijuana, comparable to that of alcohol. There are beneficial as well as harmful effects concerning marijuana, but that goes for a lot of things people do in everyday life. And I feel that a lot of time has been spent shining the spotlight on the harmful effects of marijuana, while little research has been done or even allowed, on the benefits of marijuana. While preparing for the debate, I encountered many sources on each end of the spectrum; including some in the middle. Many of the sources I looked at seemed rather credible, but others were most definitely biased. One example of a blatantly biased comment was, "Most pot smokers drink alcohol heavily...
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...that shape the decisions people or organisations make(Termpaper warehouse,2012).http://www.termpaperwarehouse.com/essay-on/Ethics-In-International-Marketing/53994. Today, law suits are filed against erring companies found wanting or in bridge of ethical standards which has increased the need of cautiousness in the way most companies project their image . It summarizes the natural rights and universal values of the equality of all men and women to the law of the land. It also covers concern for the natural environment, health and safety. Read more: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/ethics.html#ixzz28xWPwQco Ethics in marketing are the basic principles that governs the business practice of those involved in promoting their products to or services to consumers(Business dictionary.com). Sound marketing ethics however are those practices that do not impact negatively on the consumers. http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/marketing-ethics.html Ethics has always been the bane of moral studies and value and has been in practice since the ancient times. (Napoleon,1804) in his 36 codes of conduct, noted that all citizens in France, irrespective of place of birth or social status is entitled to fair and equal treatment. As a branch of philosophy, ethics deals with established laws that guide human relationship and behaviour with emphasis on good sense of judgement. Scholars like Aristotle identified character as ''ethos'' which he described as the...
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...AL-HELAL Course Title: Administrative Law Class Roll: ZH-26, 4th Batch, 5th Semester Dept. of Public Administration, University of Dhaka. Cell : 01924202090, E-mail : helal_pad_du@yahoo.com RULE OF LAW IN BANGLADESH: AN OVERVIEW ABSTRACT: "No free man shall be taken or imprison or disseized or exiled or in any way destroyed nor will we go or send for him, except under a lawful judgment of his peers and by the law of the land". --MAGNA CARTA This paper is a presentation of the concept of rule of law, Dicey's theory of 'Rule of Law', rule of law in true and modern sense and rule of law in Bangladesh. In Bangladesh context I have discussed the provisions for ensuring rule of law in Bangladesh constitution. I also have discussed the provisions of the constitution, which are contrary to the concept of rule of law in Bangladesh. It has been also identified the difficulties of application of rule of law in Bangladesh. INTRODUCTION One of the basic principles of the English constitution is the rule of law. This doctrine is accepted in the constitution of U.S.A. and also in the constitution of Bangladesh. Now a days rule of law is one of the most discussed subjects of developing countries. Developed countries and donor agencies always instruct the developing countries for sustainable development and good governance. Actually sustainable development and good governance mostly depends on the proper application of rule of law. Laws are made for the welfare of the people...
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...The ethical problem in this situation is that through either negligence, unknowing or some other factor pages marked secret from a document that SFC Sharp certified was destroyed were found wedged in between the wall and his desk and another SGT is trying to get you to cover for him by saying all pages of the document were destroyed IAW AR 380-5. By doing what SGT Day is suggesting you are compromising the army values of; Loyalty: Bear true faith and allegiance to the U.S. Constitution, The Army, Your Unit, and other Soldiers. Duty: Fulfill your obligations. Respect: Treat others as they should be treated Selfless Service: Put the welfare of the nation, the army and your subordinates above your own. Honor: Live up to the army values. Integrity: Do what is right legally and morally. Personal Courage: Face fear, danger, or adversity. You would be breaking all these values because yes loyalty says to be loyal to other soldiers but the Constitution, Army, and your unit all play a part and not knowing what those documents could have been used for you don’t know how it would have harmed everything you pledged to be loyal to when joining the military. It’s your duty to report that secret documents were not properly disposed of just like it was SFC Sharp’s duty to make sure that they were properly destroyed to begin with. With respect you could bring what you found to SFC Sharp to inform him of your intentions. Selfless Service by not reporting the problem because again...
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...Nike, Inc. was founded in 1964 by Phil Knight and Bill Bowerman through an investment of $500 by each individual. Nike, Inc. was then called Blue Ribbon Sports and has evolved from being an importer and distributor of Japanese specialty running shoes to becoming the world leader in the design, marketing, and distribution of athletic footwear. Nike's business model was developed by Knight while attending Stanford Business School in the early 1960's. Knight realized that the United States' consumer appliance and electronic markets were beginning to be dominated by the lower-cost, higher quality Japanese producers. Most of the leading footwear companies were still producing their own shoes in higher-costing companies such as the United States and Germany, and Knight believed that by outsourcing shoe production to lower-cost Japanese producers, Blue Ribbon Sports could undersell its competitors and break into this market. As a result of this model, Blue Ribbon Sports began to import sports shoes from Japan and sales increased to almost $2 million in the early 1970's. Nike employers approximately 25,000 people on worldwide. In addition, approximately 650,000 workers are employed in Nike contracted factories around the globe . Nike owned over 200 Nike Factory Stores and over 100 sales and administrative offices. Many people these days are angered by the steps that corporations take simply to make money, and it is quite disgusting in some of the ways a corporation operates. Rallies...
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...ESTONE NJUGUNA I.D. 000447804 THE SCOTTSBORO BOYS This account clearly depicts the civil rights violation and the extent to which racism was deep rooted especially in the Southern states. The entire systems in place did not favor black people and harsh conclusions were drawn without enough or substantial evidence. The way the white’s reacted after the announcement of the invasion and their regrouping at the railway station armed with guns shows the urge to kill and eliminate black people. It was widely believed that the black men’s desire was to rape white girls, a notion that further worsened the hatred among the two races. To substantiate this belief, the two girls who claimed to be victims of rape knew pretty well that they would cover their immoralities by framing the black boys and still get away with their sins by attracting the mercies of the entire white community. Judicial System The right to a fair trial during this era of civil strife was a more than a privilege among the black community. The judicial system: prosecuting counsel, the judges and the defense lawyers was comprised of white people only. That meant that as a black person, getting legal representation was a compromise since you were at the mercies of white attorneys. According to this case, the way the New York attorney describes his clients after going back home leaves a lot to be desired. He even goes further to confess that his clients were guilty, an act that can only be referred to as being...
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