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Legacy His end came suddenly. In January 1889 in Turin, Italy, he had a mental breakdown and collapsed on the street. He mailed several “madness letters” right after his breakdown, which hurried his friend Franz Overbeck to Italy to return him to Basel. He mostly lived the final eleven years of his life in a psychic fog beginning in a Basel asylum, then in Naumburg with his mother, and following her death in 1897, under his sister’s care in Weimar. While the reason for his collapse remains in doubt, he most likely died from CADASIL i.e. “cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy” on August 25, 1900. The linkage of his name with that of Adolf Hitler and with fascism in general

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