...UNDERSTANDING ADULT ADHD ALENE CAMP UNIVERSITY OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA PRINCIPLES OF PSYCHOLOGY Orisade Awodola, M.A., Ph.D 06/04/2013 UNDERSTANDING ADULT ADHD TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………….…………………………3 DEFINITION OF ADHD…………………………………………………………………………4 SYMPTOMS AND DIAGNOSIS OF ADULT ADHD………………….………………………4 TREATMENT OF ADULT ADHD………………………………………………………………7 RECENT CHANGES AS DEFINED IN DSM V…………………………………….………….7 SUMMARY……………………………………………………………………………………….9 REFERENCES……………………..……………………………………………………………11 ABSTRACT Childhood ADHD receives a lot of media attention. From opinions of faulty diagnoses to general disagreements regarding types and amounts of medication used to treat the symptoms, there is a running dialogue in the media and annals of schools and homes. However, little is known about adult ADHD. This paper will analyze current research to glean a clear idea of what exactly is Adult ADHD, symptoms and prescribed treatments and will discuss current trends and changes in the field of psychology as it relates to ADHD. UNDERSTANDING ADULT ADHD Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been a topic of media, parents, educators and the community for years. Debates range from those curious about the actual definition of ADHD to those concerned with medications prescribed for its treatment. Primarily seen as a disorder that affects school aged children, little is known about ADHD as it progresses into...
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...The Medicalization of Adult ADHD Richard W Hall Schreiner Professional Nursing Issues - Ethics NURS 4201 01 N Professor L. Kendrick November 27, 2015 The Medicalization of Adult ADHD You buy another organizing system, to organize your last five organizing systems. You just know this system will be the one to finally get your life in order. Maybe. Could I be ADHD? The person sitting beside you grabs your attention, but so does the heating unit shutting on and off, the fluorescent light flickering above you, and a bird flying by the window! Could I be ADHD? While considering your answer to your boss’ question, you wonder what’s for supper. .. I’m sorry. What was that question again? Could I be ADHD? Funny situations, serious question. Adult Attention Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) has been the subject of much debate over the past 50 years. In the 19th century children with signs and symptoms like ADHD, if not labeled bad/problem children, could get the diagnosis neurasthenia. In the first half of the 20th century, before the first Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-1, published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA), came out in 1952, children with similar symptoms may have been diagnosed as having hyperkinetic disorder if not considered bad/problem children. After the DSM-1, ADHD was referred to as minimal brain damage (MBD). The DSM-II in 1968, referred to ADHD as MBD but said it might continue into adolescence. Attention Deficit...
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...Introduction Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has long been a controversial topic due to its’ causes, diagnosis, as well as the treatments. Some critics of this controversy deny the very existence of ADHD as a mental disorder and believe that the physicians along with pharmaceutical industry are conspired with one another just to fill their pockets. While others believe that not only ADHD is a genetic mental disorder but also a disorder that may be caused by the environmental factors like geographical location, parenting and diet. Furthermore, many studies show that ADHD is in fact a mental disorder that affects many children and adults. ADHD is not over diagnosed and needs to be treated, however the treatment should not consist...
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...Genie is a wild child who found in LA on 1970, she is a very extreme case of neglected the caretaking from adult. Her father believed she is retarder She spent her first thirteen years on tiding at the potty chair and still wearing diaper, she had never see, listen, being taught of anything in her life. For the past many years she had been isolation and lack of adult care make her the way she is right now. According to the George Hebert Mead’s integrationist theory; Mead (1934, 1964a). During the preparation stage, child had no self-present, however, they imitates the action of others, for example; when adults cry the child cry. During the play stage, child is developing the sense of self-present. They start to rakes the role of a single other, as if he or she were the other. The game stage is the last stage under Mead’s model, the child will no longer be playing role taking but starts to develop the relationship between the other and recognize the responsibilities as well as the social positions. It is very important for an infant to be around adult human. An infant imitate people around them, they can’t be disconnected from the socialization. Otherwise, they will be lost of human interaction and the important process of learning attitudes, behavior appropriate and the culture. In the case of Genie, I see very strong statement on hoe important for a child to have normal human interaction in their early...
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...Spiritual process of dying The dying process consists of various steps where people move from stage to another stage. Some people may not pass through all the stages of the standard dying process (Feldman, 2010). The most common stages through people move are: infancy, pre-school years, middle childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle adult hood, late adulthood, and death & dying. People have unique opinions regarding dying process and the factors which influence opinions of people are: age, sex, personality, social support available from family and friends etc. For example a person who is having social support from family and friends will have more interest towards life then others who lead a lonely life. Death is a discrete, datable event that terminates a person’s life and it is certain for everyone in this world (Sumner, 2011). There are few people who like to reach the final stage of dying process before the time comes. It is known as ‘suicide’ and it is biggest crime in this world. God will not excuse. Feldman (2010) also stated that there are fewer deaths before the birthdays, which means that people die before reaching the final stage in dying process. Some people that as auspicious day like Christmas will delay dying process for at least one week, from the other that people in positive mood can delay their dying process (Justice, 1997). There are some religions where people believe that dying on a particular day may be good because heavens gates are opened...
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...The article that I chose was “Romantic Relationships and Substance Use in Early Adulthood: An Examination of the Influences of Relationship Type, Partner Substance Use, and Relationship Quality” by Charles B. Fleming, Helene R. White, and Richard F. Catalano. This article covered the effects that varying type of relationships have on substance use, and being as I went through these different stages right out of high school so I can relate and appreciate the data. This article was very easy to relate too and to understand how relationships can change you for worst or better, and the way that the data is delivered was straight forward and clear cut so I was able to interpret it clearly. The information that is given in this article was well researched and delivered, and being that this was a research paper it would give good starting points for where I should begin my own research. Although this paper was focused on a limited age range (early adulthood 18-20) it was extremely thorough in retrieving data and offers many areas where you could continue the research and look more into a specific relationship type. This paper covers the opposing affects that differing stages of relationships play on drug use, heavy drinking, and smoking, but this study only focuses on the transition between graduating high school and entering college and gives a small glimpse into what the roles play later in life. The most interesting piece of data that this article had was not only does being in...
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...rp The Blame Game In Catcher in the Rye, Holden Caulfield, a teenage boy is going through the process of growing into an adult. Holden deals with all the struggles of a teenage boy while he deals with the death of his younger brother. Holden is angry at his death and blames his parents and other adults. Therefore, he is petrified at the thought of growing up, because he does not want to be like those adults he considers flawed and phony. As a result, he does not carry out the responsibilities of a boy his age, but watches adults and explores adult behaviors in his struggle to grow up. Because Holden continues to fail in his battle to gain maturity, he looks to his future as an adult and becomes petrified at the thought of becoming one of them. Consequently, he tries to stay young to avoid the process of becoming an adult. He is obsessed with childhood and is wedged between a world of the innocence of children and the complex world of adulthood. Holden is stuck at a crossroads where he must choose what he wants to do. But since he is becoming older everyday it becomes evident to Holden that he will soon fall into the same status as adults and be forced to make the same compromises that they do. Holden is told that "life is a game" and that he must suck up to people and listen to authority if he ever plans to be successful in life. Holden does not want to take responsibility to communicate with others that want to help him. For example, When Dr. Thurmer, tries...
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...“emerging adulthood is neither adolescence nor young adulthood, but is distinct from them both.” Emerging adulthood is a time of transition, a developmental bridge between adolescence and adulthood. This period of development is a period of change and exploration. The goal of emerging adulthood is to emerge from the chrysalis of adolescence and transform into an adult. There are beneficial results as well as negative impacts of this developmental stage. A beneficial result of emerging adulthood is the gained understanding of how to manage one’s emotions. This can be as simple as learning to control angry outbursts or disappointment with ease. This is beneficial because it demonstrates the transition between a child and a grown adult. Emotional development is a major beneficial result from emerging adulthood. Furthermore, this developmental stage encourages and aides the change from dependence upon parents to the independence that is typical of adults. This independence is beneficial because it prepares the emerging adult for their future autonomously from their parents. Currently society has labeled these emerging adults as the “Me Generation” because they are more self-focused. Furthermore, they have a sense of entitlement. “We're seeing an epidemic of people who are having a hard time making the transition to work — kids who had too much success early in life and who've become accustomed to instant gratification," says Dr. Mel Levine, a pediatrics professor at the University...
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...LIFE STAGES: | Life stages: | Physical: | Intellectual: | Emotional: | Social development: | Conception: | Conception is the beginning of the human life. A fertile woman averagely produces one egg cell each month , roughly down from the ovary ,and along the fallopian tubes towards the uterus. If you having sex whilst the egg is in the tube there is a possibility for conception for a another life to be formed. | Not even movement. | There is no intellectual what so ever the brain haven’t even formed yet | The embryo doesn’t well feelings like being sad or happy or angry haven’t come to the stage of feelings development | The embryo has no social development at all because the bay has no proper development. | Pregnancy: | The egg and sperm meet and make an embryo .The beginning of the three weeks after conception marks the start of the embryonic period. After two or three days there are enough new cells to make the fertilised egg the size of a pin head . This collection of cells travels to the lining of the uterus where it becomes anchored .The developing collection is now called an embryo. Its attached to the wall of the uterus by a placenta. Once the embryo is attached to the uterus wall, a chemical signal stops the woman from having another menstrual period. | At stage layers of cells from which all the baby organs and Body parts will develop. In the second month the baby is now as big as a kidney and is constantly moving .After eight weeks ,the embryo may have...
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...of violence in the schools probably because of time constraints on the part of the “working parent” or maybe because parents look at the event as “petty”. In reality, cases of bullying and other forms of violence in schools should be viewed not just a “school” problem but as a “societal” problem. Bullying is now the number one non-academic issue that most educators face, and is one of the top concerns of many parents. Bullying that happened during childhood has a great impact on an individual’s adult life. The idea that childhood bullying is not at all confined to childhood is becoming clearer and clearer as researchers follow affected kids throughout the years, peeking into their lives as adults. One study, for example, showed that kids who play the roles of bullies and victims grow up to have more mental health problems in adulthood – anxiety disorder, depression, panic disorder, and suicidal behavior. Now, the same team has extended their work, illustrating the many areas of adult life that can suffer as an apparent result of childhood bullying. It turns out that not only do bullied kids have more psychological problems, but they have problems in just about every other area as well – physical health, social relationships, education, and even employment. This...
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...What happened to childhood? “If children survived to age 7, their recognized life began, more or less as miniature adults. Childhood was already over.”(Postman, 383) During the middle ages, a young person was simply seen as a small adult. No distinction existed between adult and child, examples of this can be seen in paintings of the time were children were depicted the same as adults, just smaller versions. Then, with the invention of the printing press, came many changes to European society as a whole. “European culture became a reading culture.”(Postman, 383) The fact that people could now read led to the lessening of the Church’s authority, it led to the rapid growth of science and technology, and it also, very importantly, led to a newfound idea of childhood. Now, in order to truly be considered an adult, one had to be literate, one had to know how to read the bible and novels. One of the greatest effects the printing press had on European society was that now children were supposed to go to school to learn how to read. This marked one of the first separations of young people from adults, they would go to school in order to learn how to become an adult. No longer were young people thrust into adulthood at the age of 7. Now, the world started to develop a process of becoming an adult, “We began, in short, to see human development as a series of changes, with childhood as a bridge between infancy and adulthood.”(Postman, 384) Then a few centuries later came the television...
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...many conflicting characteristics. He has many ambitions and desires for his life but he is faced with the basic conflict in the story, corruption. This corruption is what drives him and at the same time restricts him Holden’s being surrounded by corruption disgusts him. There are a few main instances in which Holden encounters corruption directly. One type is Stradlater, the “secret slob”or Ernie, who “performs for the people”. Two that affect Holden very much is his brother D.B. “selling out” to the movies and Pheobe eventually having to grow up. This corruption is very evident in Holden’s life and situation. Artist: Alexandra Dunham Corruption is what Holden wants to avoid but cannot because he wants to grow up and act like an adult. Drinking, ordering the prostitute, and using money are all things that grownups do but Holden yet still wants to remain innocent. These are few of the obvious ironies of Holden’s personality. Holden’s utter hate for the fact that we have to grow up and how he ties adulthood with corruption just shows how he has a large problem determining illusion from reality. He doesn’t understand that to grow does not mean to become corrupt but to become wiser through experience. These experiences are what frighten Holden because this boy of sixteen has already been involved in many of the pleasures and problems that come from these experiences. Holden’s “catcher in the rye” analogy shows how he wants to save the children from this corruption but he never...
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...differences between two stages of life: Childhood and adulthood. Childhood and adulthood are two important ages of a person; however, some people decide to define one of them as the best stage of their life, depends on these fourth main aspects which make each one totally different to the other: physical appearance, cognitive development, the interaction with others, and the way of they view the world around them. Children and adults share some main characteristics which defined them as humans, but one of the most notable differences between a child and an adult is the physical appearance. Children development depends by the age, and the conditions that the little boy has. Also, children do not care about their physical appearance. For example they do not think about the effect of diet on health. In contrast, adults always want to be perfect and want to belong to the stereotypes created by society: a symmetrical face, a slender body, a perfect teeth and be fashionable. The second aspect to consider is the cognitive development in children and adults. Children are kept developing their cognitive abilities during all period of their childhood. In addition, children have non-conventional but useful abilities. For example, they are able to create many hypotheses from the same case. Also, most of children have an unbelievable artistic sense, they do plenty creations with hands: painting and figures of modeling clay....
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...Considering The Present Name Adult Development Instructor: DATE The two events that I have chosen are when I started my first job and when I joined the Army. I selected my first job because it set the tempo for an event that would occur for the greater portion of my life. My first job was more of a culture shock and a training event that would show me what to expect from the world. I chose when I joined the Army because it was very positive in a long term stance. I learned a great majority of the discipline that I was going to need in the remainder of my life. The events that I selected both worked in unison to positively affect my outlook on life as a young adult. These events laid the foundation for me to build on that would help me to keep a focused outlook on my responsibilities as a man. My father use to tell me that if I was not to work then I should not expect to eat as a man. As a 16 year old boy I learned that becoming a man was not going to be the easiest task I have come across. As an 18 year old young man, going into the Army showed me the hardest portions of becoming a man and if I could achieve this then nothing else is outside of my grasp. Upon review of Bronfenbrenner’s rings I noticed that my experiences have touched all of his systems and were influenced by every last one of them as well. Initially starting my first job was a decision that directly influenced and was influenced by my microsystem. I decided to get a job to support myself and to make...
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...Examine the different sociological views on the changes in the experience of childhood in the past 50 years. According to Aries, childhood can be defined as a social construction. Children were once regarded as ‘little adults’ and an economic asset rather than a symbol of love due to the high death and infant mortality rates making it hard to emotionally invest. However, now, a key aspect of childhood is ‘separateness’ from adulthood. There have been several state policies that have constructed and defined childhood, one of which is the children’s act which aimed to give children more rights to make a positive contribution to society. It argues the best place to raise children is at home with their parents which brought about the social view that it is essential for children to spend time with immediate family in order to grow up to be independent. Aries argues that childhood has changed. Instead of children being seen as an economic asset we now live in a child centred society which is good for the child. Some sociologists, such as Functionalists and the New Right argue that children are seen as precious in todays society. Parsons believes it is the parents responsibility to raise their children into being good citizens in society. New right sociologists are worried that this way of raising children has been undermined by a ‘child centered society’. In the 20th and 21st centuries it is argued that families have become increasingly child centred. Children are often seen...
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