...Psychological Theory of Development: Erik Erikson 1. Erik Erikson was the first psychologist to do what? Ans1. Erik Erikson was the first psychologist to describe predictable stages of human development from childhood through adulthood. In his Theory of Psychosocial Development, he depicted a series of eight stages in which an individual's identity emerges and matures. 2. How many stages are in Erikson's theory? Ans2. In Erik Erikson's theory of Psychosocial Development, he depicted a series of 8 stages in which an individual's identity emerges and matures. 3. Why are Erikson's psychosocial stages referred to as a "crisis"? Ans3. Erikson's psychosocial stages are referred to as a "crisis" because each stage presents a dilemma/crisis, in which the person is challenged to develop by new situation and circumstances in life. The individual needs to resolve the crisis. • When individuals resolve a crisis they developan ability which will help them with the challenge in the next stage. 4. What generally happens in each psychosocial stage? Ans4. Each stage presents a dilemma in which a person is challenged by new situations and circumstances in life. People are pushed through the stages by their biological clock and by the social clock of the society in which they live. The progress of the psychological clock influences the development of an identity. By resolving each dilemma successfully, the individual acquires basic strength needed to meet the challenges for the next stage...
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...transferable, traditional semester credits are required to successfully complete PSY 202 Adult Development and Life Assessment as their first course. PSY 202 is designed to help experienced students acclimate to the online college environment. Student Success Orientation The orientation is designed to provide students with a complete overview of the Ashford University experience, prepare them for success in their courses, and help them to self evaluate their readiness to succeed in an online classroom setting. Students will be instructed on Ashford University policies and the learner resources that are available to them through interactive videos and assessments. Students enrolled in orientation must successfully complete all assigned activities. EXP 105 Personal Dimensions of Education This course is designed to help adult learners beginning their university studies to achieve academic success. Students will explore learning theories, communication strategies, and personal management skills. Adult learners will develop strategies for achieving success in school and work. Students will also be introduced to the University's institutional outcomes and learning resources. Effective for courses beginning January 1, 2013, and after, a minimum grade of C- is required to meet course requirements. PSY 202 Adult Development & Life Assessment This course presents adult development theory and links theoretical concepts of life...
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...to fully understand human development, this essay will discuss the importance of the lifespan perspective. Many researches believe that the lifespan orientation consists of several classic beliefs that form a family of perspectives that gives a cohesive view on the nature of development. While each of these seven perspectives are essential to lifespan development and emphasize a different aspect of development, this essay will focus on the two aspects of plasticity and contextualism as a paradigm. It will also illustrate how they give evidence supporting development as a life long process. Lifespan development can be defined as “the field of study that examines patterns of growth, change, and stability in behaviour that occur throughout the entire life span” (Sigelman & Rider, 2011). Lifespan development takes a scientific approach in its study of growth, change and stability as researchers use scientific methods to test their assumptions (Sigelman & Rider, 2011s). Previously child development was the focus of many theorists but within the last two decades lifespan development has begun to be studied empirically. Another justification for lifespan development is that it originates in other disciplines as well such as sociology and anthropology and this suggests that this field of lifespan development did not originate solely from developmental psychologists (Baltes, 1987). There are three relevant areas in lifespan development: physical development which looks at the ways in...
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...Conception During conception the only pies that can be used is physical, and this is where the sperm meets and fertilises the egg. There is no intellectual, emotional or social development for this stage of life. Pregnancy During pregnancy the only development that can be used is physical and this is when the egg cells start to divide, this is called an embryo. There is no intellectual, emotional or social development for this stage of life. Birth & Infancy Between birth and 3 years, babies grow the strengths to learn how to roll, crawl, stand, walk, and run. They learn to talk, joke, rhyme, and sing. Muscle development starts from head to toe. A child will first develop control over the neck muscles. Babies are born ready to communicate and interact with other individuals, especially adults. At a very young age babies will start to communicate through gestures. In the first couple of years babies are exposed to family members, and other close family friends. Family provide a solid base of self-esteem and confidence, in order to build a stronger social relationship with other individuals. Babies are born with a select few emotions. During the first few years of life it is good to give a baby warmth, love and care to make sure it feels safe and welcomed. Childhood At this stage children ages 4-10 will enjoy physical activities and will love the fact that they have the strengths to run, jump, climb, dance, ride their three-wheeled bikes and swing. In this age group...
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...LIFE STAGES: | Life stages: | Physical: | Intellectual: | Emotional: | Social development: | Conception: | Conception is the beginning of the human life. A fertile woman averagely produces one egg cell each month , roughly down from the ovary ,and along the fallopian tubes towards the uterus. If you having sex whilst the egg is in the tube there is a possibility for conception for a another life to be formed. | Not even movement. | There is no intellectual what so ever the brain haven’t even formed yet | The embryo doesn’t well feelings like being sad or happy or angry haven’t come to the stage of feelings development | The embryo has no social development at all because the bay has no proper development. | Pregnancy: | The egg and sperm meet and make an embryo .The beginning of the three weeks after conception marks the start of the embryonic period. After two or three days there are enough new cells to make the fertilised egg the size of a pin head . This collection of cells travels to the lining of the uterus where it becomes anchored .The developing collection is now called an embryo. Its attached to the wall of the uterus by a placenta. Once the embryo is attached to the uterus wall, a chemical signal stops the woman from having another menstrual period. | At stage layers of cells from which all the baby organs and Body parts will develop. In the second month the baby is now as big as a kidney and is constantly moving .After eight weeks ,the embryo may have...
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...Every child grows up in a certain kind of environment, with a different set of parents, and deals with diverse situations. From abusive parents, to loving ones, to nuclear, single, or expanded families. As they grow up, some of the experiences they dealt with when they were younger stick with them. If they were abused they may grow up to be abusive parents, and the same goes with having loving parents. That is why getting through Erikson Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development successfully is so important. First, we must deal with the first four stages of childhood. Trust vs. Mistrust, Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt, Initiative vs. Guilt, and finally Industry vs. Inferiority. Then we deal with Identity vs. Role Confusion, the stage that occurs...
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...9/14/2012 Table Of Content Development Across The Life Span Social Clock: Ravena Helson Social And PD In Adulthood : Daniel Levinson Intimacy Vs Isolation: Erik Erikson Relationship Development: Bernard Mursntein Triangular Theory Of Love: Robert Sternberg Selecting A Partner Marriage Conflict Divorce UNIT 4 EARLY ADULTHOOD PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT Career Choose And Embarking On Career Identity During Young Adulthood Career Development Holland’s Theory Ginzberg’s theory Gender And Career Choice Why People Work Career Transition Learning Unit Objectives Development Across the Lifespan Discuss about the personality development of early adulthood. Explain Social clock: Ravena Helson, Social and PD in adulthood : Daniel Levinson, Intimacy vs Isolation: Erik Erikson, Relationship development: Bernard Mursntein and Triangular Theory of Love: Robert Sternberg Discuss on issues about selecting a Partner as well as Marriage, Conflict in marriage and divorce Discuss issues related to Career. What makes people happy? Money? Materials? Objects? According to research, happiness in young adulthood is usually derived from feelings of independence, competence, or self-esteem (Sheldon et al, 2001). Therefore, the components of happiness: Fulfillment of psychological needs. Building relationships in Early Adulthood: Liking and Loving During early adulthood, romance,...
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...Lifespan Development Name: Grishma Patel Week four assignment Meaning of Emerging Adulthood Emerging adulthood is the period of life from about age 18 through age 25, during which young people are exploring the possibilities of their lives and beginning to define themselves as adults, rather than teenagers. They shared the perception of “feeling in between” – knowing they were pulling clear of the struggles of adolescence and starting to feel responsible for themselves,, but still closely tied to their parents and family. Emerging adulthood can be defined as an: Age of identity exploration: young people decide who they are and what they want out of work, school and love. Age of instability: young people either go to college or live with their friends or a romantic partner. For most frequent moves end as a families and careers are established in mid 30’s. Age of feeling in between: many emerging adult say they are taking responsibilities for themselves, but still do not completely feel like an adult. Age of self focus: freed of the parent and society directed routine of school, young people try to decide what they want to do, where they want to go, who they want to be with – before those choices get limited by the constraints of marriage, children and career. Culture influences in India in emerging adulthood In my culture as I m from India, examination of (a) whether or not they feel they are adult (b) the criteria they deem necessary for becoming an adults, (c)...
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...to work outside the home more than ever before and need others to help care for their children while they are at work. Non-parental childcare comes in to play at this point. Non-parental childcare is childcare that is provided for children that comes from someone other than the child’s parents. (Berns, 2013) Non-parental childcare usually comes in three main types, child-care centers, family day-care homes, and in-home care: nannies. (Berns, 2013) These three types can include a variety of subtypes of non-parental childcare, including having a friend or relative watch a child, hiring a sitter, using a neighborhood cooperative to care for children, using a childcare (commonly known as a daycare center or preschool program) center, hiring an in-home nanny, or using before and/or after school programs. Non-parental childcare that takes place in daycare centers or preschool programs and most in-home nannies that are hired usually have been trained in how to care for a child. All types of non-parental childcare contribute to the socialization of children, as well as enhancing other areas of development. Most parents would agree that their children should receive quality care from those looking after them during times when parents cannot. The term quality can mean something different from person to person, but should include care that helps the child develop psychologically, socially, and cognitively. Throughout this paper, this writer will discuss the types of childcare and how...
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...Physical, intellectual, emotional and social development of an individual at each life stage Physical development Conception to Birth | By the first two weeks, the embryo has attached itself to the uterine wall, the baby’s body starts to develop, the head and trunk appear, followed by tiny arms and buds. Also around 25 days baby’s heart will start beating, the by 30 days the baby will be about a quarter of an inch long, have a brain, eyes, ears, mouth, kidneys, liver and baby’s heart will be pumping blood that he created himself. In the second month the embryo drastically increases in size from 5mm to 40mm, figures and toes start to grow, by the seventh week baby has its own fingerprint, also eyes and ears start to appear, baby will start to move around nearing the eight week. In the third, four and fifth months the baby will be able to feel pain, baby kicks and has a strong grip. Also around that time baby’s hair, eyelashes and eyebrows start to grow as well as baby should by now have open eyes. In the end months before baby is born, baby is able to suck his thumb. The baby will be most active when the mother lays own at night, fatal activity will be affected by now the mother is feeling. | Infancy(0-3) | Reflex develop for survival, for example babies automatically sauce when presented with a nipple. When a mother speaks the child’s heal will automatically turn towards their parent voice. Skills like: blinking, grasping, stepping, sucking and more develop. Rapid growth...
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...PRINCIPLES OF LEARNING RELATED TO H.E.L.E. The primary aim of teaching home economics in schools is to help to prepare boys and girls for some important aspects of everyday living and the adult responsibilities of family life. 1. Development of attitudes and values and of the capacity to make judgments based on a reasonable consideration of evidence about matters to do with running a home, diet and clothing. 2. Home-making is equally important for boys and girls, and that in adult life the responsibilities of family life should be shared so that both men and women have sufficient opportunity to continue their own personal development. 3. Provide a useful background for pupils who may proceed eventually to careers involving the care of children, the elderly or the handicapped; or catering in its various forms. 4. Pupils should be encouraged to judge and improve their own performance as well as receiving the necessary stimulus, guidance and help from the teacher. 5. Teaching methods should encourage the development of pupils' critical and analytical skills and the ability to transfer knowledge and understanding intelligently from one situation to others. 6. It is important to ensure progression in the work at every stage. The learning of practical skills and the development of manual dexterity, for instance, should not be ends in themselves but part of a sequential program of work. 7. The amount of work which can be covered will be governed by the time available...
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...Parenting Practices and Child Development Gloria Moore MFCC 537 October 17, 2015 Professor Timothy Docheff Influence of Culture on Parenting Practices and Child Development Parenting practices and child development have a strong correlation. “Parents often like to think that children are immune to the stressful complexities and troubles of the rapidly changing adult world” (Henderson, 2011). Many adults underestimate the perception of children to the world and, therefore, believing concerns of the child do not matter. There are numerous factors involved in the developing child such as family constellation, home environment, peer pressures, and societal stresses. “The family, school, community, and many other variables enhance or impede a child’s well-being.” (Henderson, 2011). An examination of the effect of environmental stressors on a child's health and wellbeing is provided. A glance at how cultural differences in parenting influence a child's developments is mentioned. Additionally, how secure attachment and problematic family relationships affect a child's wellbeing. Equally important are the factors contributing to attachment concerns during the child development, such as newly formed blended family. Effects of Environmental Stressors “Crime, corrupt public figures, a world full of tension, war, and the threat of terrorism that may strike anywhere at any time also create an environment of uncertainty and fear” (Henderson, 2011, p. 9). The family has the most impact on...
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...Child Abuse Leads to Substance Use and Violence Abstract Why does being abused as a child lead to substance abuse and violence as an adult? This research studies this question from an environmental, socialization, psychological, and biological perspective. Low income families have great stressors and may make the wrong choice to abuse their children and take drugs or drink alcohol. Those children may fail to bring themselves out of that type of living environment, due to their families’ lack of care, and become unemployed with traumatized emotions and involvement with substances to try and cope. Because they are submerged to violence, abused children will grow up and learn to use violence as a main way of dealing with social situations. Victimized children will grow up with a great chance of suffering from harmful psychological problems such as depression, anxiety or psychiatric disorders. They will never be able to fully escape from their painful memories and traumas. To deal with the depression or disorder, they may lash out in violence or abuse substances to feel better. Overall, the brains development is fastest growing as a child and abuse affects the learning processes and behaviors that a child grows into. Violence and substance abuse appear in previously abused adults because the effects of child maltreatment are so harsh that they never completely fade. The violence is what they’ve learned to express and the substances are coping methods. Child Abuse Leads to Substance...
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...first course. Students entering with twenty-four (24) or more transferable, traditional semester credits are required to successfully complete PSY 202 Adult Development and Life Assessment as their first course. PSY 202 is designed to help experienced students acclimate to the online college environment. Student Success Orientation The orientation is designed to provide students with a complete overview of the Ashford University experience, prepare them for success in their courses, and help them to self evaluate their readiness to succeed in an online classroom setting. Students will be instructed on Ashford University policies and the learner resources that are available to them through interactive videos and assessments. Students enrolled in orientation must successfully complete all assigned activities. EXP 105 Personal Dimensions of Education This course is designed to help adult learners beginning their university studies to achieve academic success. Students will explore learning theories, communication strategies, and personal management skills. Adult learners will develop strategies for achieving success in school and work. Students will also be introduced to the University's institutional outcomes and learning resources. PSY 202 Adult Development & Life Assessment This course presents adult development theory and links theoretical concepts of life and learning through a process of psychometric assessment and reflection. Both classical and contemporary...
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...Case Study of Human Development Development throughout life differs from individual to individual. Each person has their own agenda for cultural identity, growth, health, socioeconomic status, education, gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and all inspire each person’s life story. Adulthood is frequently observed as when an individual is considered officially and developmentally prepared to hold responsibilities such as driving, voting, getting married, and entering the military. The course of becoming mature does not finish with adolescence but remains throughout adulthood as psychological, security and self-actualization requirements are met (Ehow, 1999-2011). Adulthood is separated into three categories, which are young adulthood, middle age and old age. In Erik Erikson's stages of human development, a young adult is an individual between the ages of 19 and 39. The early adulthood period in human development leads the middle adulthood phase. An individual in the middle adulthood stage is between 40 and 60 years old. An individual in their 60’s is considered late adulthood. During early adulthood the young adult phase includes the personal necessity for sex and intimacy. Isolation happens when an individual fails to achieve intimacy. The young adult finds out that love and compassion may help them to obtain what they desire. And when we don't find it easy to create satisfying relationships, our world can begin to shrink as, in defense, we can feel...
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