...In the article Helping Adult Learner Succeed: Tools for Two-Year College, it breaks down how Adult learners can Succeed and become successful. Jobs now are expecting more than ever some kind of college degree. Therefore Adult have no choice but to go to school to further there education. Many adult attend community college work related or training or just to obtain a degree. Need to say there can be many challenges and obstacles on how to help adult learners become their better selves. Often students needs maps to guide them with there courses. You have to understand adult learns transitions. In reading this article that has been a development of a non- credit program targeting adults to assist them in transitioning to college. This program...
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...Observation and Analysis by Jacqueline D. James EDD 7711 CRN 31045 Contextual Issues Affecting Adult and Continuing Education Nova Southeastern University February5, 2012 This assignment focused this writer’s attention toward the practice areas adult basic education and literacy programs at a local state college. It extends beyond five campuses and includes three educational centers. Its flexible course scheduling allows adult learners to attend multiple campuses or center at the same time. Each campus possesses the capability of preparing adult learners for an associate degree. However, core courses for many of its degree or certification programs are restricted to specific campuses. The writer identified the practice area of adult basic education and literacy programs within her department. She gathered relevant data that reflects the college’s contextual setting by providing a (1) description of the educational services; (2) its history, mission, vision, and values; (3) demographic and data; (4) the annual budget or funding; (5) methods or models of program planning and delivery; (6) recruitment and marketing strategies and processes; (7) effectiveness evaluation techniques; (8) and recommendations for improvement in educational services. 2 Introduction This writer identified several practice areas of adult basic education...
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...Running Head: ESL INVESTMENT IN CHINA Investment in ESL Education Business in China: Making Decisions through Comparison Analysis Karen Ning University of Delaware When English has been recognized as the universal language in globalization (Nunan, 2003), English language service has become a lucrative business in Asian emerging markets, especially in China. A large number of professionals have conducted research regarding English language service in nations where students learn English as a Second Language (ESL). However, it appears that research has stopped since investors started making money from the ESL business. Although private ESL courses have been well received by both children and adults in China in the recent decade, entrepreneurs usually prefer to invest their money in one project to test its market potential in the beginning. Hence, businessmen should at least undertake a comparison analysis involving children’s and adults’ courses before investing their capital in the ESL education business in China. According to Jules Dupuit, a famous economist in nineteenth century (Boardman, Greenberg, Vining, & Weimer, 1996), the evaluation before making a sound investment decision involves comparing the total expected cost of each option against the total expected benefits. Without a doubt, cost, sales record, and long-term benefits are vitally important for ESL education business investors in China today. Low cost is crucial for any competing business. It appears...
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...broadcast with "iPod" being the name given to a family of portable MP3 players from Apple Inc. "MP3" is a frequent file format for electronic audio files. From an educational perspective the use of podcasts are limitless. Since creating podcasts is fairly easy and inexpensive, instructors can easily use them for delivery of supplemental information or review of previously covered material. Podcasts can also be used for acquiring new and supplemental knowledge from expert sources on the web. Listening to podcasts provides learners with different learning activities in addition to readings and lectures thus reaching a wider audience and supporting a broader range of learning styles. This paper will focus on the questions of what podcasts are, why they are useful in higher education, and, most importantly, how faculty and students can use podcasts to enhance learning experiences. Advocates of podcasting believe that it can offer unique educational benefits to learners. One of the earliest reports describing the potential of podcasting in education was by Clark and Walsh (2004). They highlighted that "listening is instinctual, [but] reading and writing are not" (p. 5) - that linguistic psychologists have found that unlike reading and writing, children do not learn how to understand the spoken word, but are hard- wired with the skill (Chan and Lee 2005). Similarly, Durbridge (1984) stressed the advantages of audio for learning. In his opinion, the spoken word can influence a learner's...
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...may write very well a methodology paper which related desired output to known inputs in a principled way. But in learning perspective, anyone may write very well a paper describing the process of attempted learning of second language. The interlanguage part is written from the learning perspective, regardless of one’s failure or success in the attempted learning of a second language. The concept of interlanguage was suggested by Selinker in order to draw attention to the possibility that the learner’s language can be regarded as a distinct language variety or system with its own particular characteristics and rules. There is a key term which is named ‘meaningful performance’. It is used to refer to the situation where an adult attempts to express meanings, which he or she may already have, in a language which he or she is in the process of learning. The writer thinks that one of our greatest difficulties in establishing a psychology of second language learning which is relevant to the way people actually learn second languages, has been our inability to identify unambiguously the phenomena we wish to study. I agree with the writer, because we have difficulty in learning second language and a correct understanding of this phenomenon leads to the postulation of certain theoretical constructs. These constructs in turn, give us a framework within which we can begin to isolate the psychological relevant data of second language learning. Interlanguage and Latent...
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...Cognitive Development of Adult Learners Sheri Adult learning is often looked upon as being a separate entity in the education system, an educational process that has little to do with prior experiences and makes little connection to the learning that has taken place in childhood and adolescence, when it fact it is though those experiences that have shaped and molded the adult into the adult that they become (Brookfield and Tuinjman, 1995). Andragogy, which is defined as "the science of helping adults learn," has taken on a broader meaning and included not only curriculum based education, but also experience and learner centered education (Titmus 1981). Today, we know different. There is a plethora of research devoted to the cognitive development of adults and their learning styles. “Adult learning is inherently joyful. Adults are innately self-directed learners and that good educational practice always meets the needs articulated by learners themselves and that there is a uniquely adult learning process as well as a uniquely adult form of practice. (Brookfield and Tuinjman, 1995).” As an educator of adults, the andragogical cycle of teaching is critical to effective communication with adult learners. There are five stages of the cycle of teaching adults. They include: the identification and analysis of adult needs; the identification and selection of a program that is designed to meet those needs and meet educational goals; the planning of instructional...
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...accommodate all learners. It also brings up the question as to whether there are actual differences in learning between the different generations. In this paper theoretical and research evidence in regards to intergenerational learning is noted. The importance for instructors to be aware of whether there are actual generational differences among...
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...Running header: DIGITAL BLENDED CLASSROOM LEARNING Lloyd Wayne Murphy Digital Blended Classroom Learning the New Dawn of Learning for All Strayer University Professor Randi Fass SUMMER 2011 EDU500 August 7, 2011 The intended purpose of this thesis is to illustrate how the ensuing commencement of a new dawn of student instruction, the digital-blended-classroom-learning (DBCL) discipline is upon the academic world. The advent of the innovative blending of computers within classroom instruction referred to as digital learning by some, and by others in academic world refer the discipline as blended learning posit the possession the qualities thereof, exceptionally enhance both SDL and SRL disciplines. A wide variety of DBCL discipline programs exhibit signs of incurring the utmost in achieving efficaciously successful method of instruction with both the age of majority and minority age student proficiency, in a plethora of educational institutions, where the DBCL discipline is employed. DBCL involves the integration of computer and the Internet and Intranet into the classroom, thus allowing the communication technology as a teacher/student instruction tool, along the classroom instruction tools employed in the student’s core curriculum. DBCL disciplines demonstrate signs of the improvement of teacher/student interest, student participation, student aptitude, and of the utmost import is student academic proficiency. DBCL further reveal, when, computers...
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...Volume 3 Issue 2, 2013 An Analysis of Adult Education Programme in Lagos State: Implication for Policy Implementation Saula Ayinla Shamsideen Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education Otto-Ijanikin, Lagos, Nigeria Abstract The research work investigated the analysis of Adult Education Programme in Lagos State: Implication for Policy Implementation. Three null hypotheses were formulated for the study and the instrument that was used for the study was questionnaire. A descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. The sample included 100 respondents randomly selected from adult learners and instructors. Data was analyzed using frequency table, percentage and Chi-square. Based on the results of this study, conclusion was made that constant monitoring and supervision would add value to implementation and Governments are encouraged to pay special attention to Adult Education programme as a channel for lifelong Education. 1. Introduction The National Policy on Education provides for Adult and non-formal education as an instrument par excellence for lifelong education [3]. The goals of adult and non-formal education to include providing functional literacy and continuing education for adults and the youths, provide education for different categories of completers of the formal education system to improve their basic knowledge and skills, provide in-service, on-the-job, vocational and professional training for different categories of workers and give adult citizens of the country...
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...and a psychometric research and give example from applied linguistic studies. 2. Find a report of an ethnographic research in applied linguistics and give your comments on the following points: * The research question * The contexts the research was conducted * What is group or case under study? * What conceptual and theoretical frame works inform the study? * What field techniques were used? For how much time? In what contexts? What were the roles of the ethnographer? 3. Find a report of an ethnographic research in applied linguistics and give your comments on: * What field techniques were used? For how much time? In what contexts? What were the roles of the ethnographer? * What analysis strategies were developed and used? what levels and types of context were attended to in interpretation? - What recurrent patterns are described? - What cultural interpretation is provided? - What are the stated implications for teaching? Question 1.What is ethnographic research? State the difference between an ethnographic research and a psychometric research and give example from applied linguistic studies. ------------------------------------------------------------- Ethnographic research is one form of qualitative research which concerns with studying human behavior within the context in which that behavior would occur naturally and in which the role of the researcher would not affect...
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...ADULT LITERACY EDUCATION IN NIGERIA AND THE USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1. The need for adult literacy education in Nigeria cannot be over-emphasized. In the context of global economy and competitive markets, adult literacy is a key factor contributing to economic development. In all countries of the world, adults constitute a larger proportion of the work force. Therefore, human resource development through adult literacy education has become a key component within the overall strategy for economic restructuring both in the developed and developing countries. The future of global economy and democratic polity in the twenty-first century is likely to depend on skilled, educated, and enlightened adult citizens. It was the World Conference on Education for All, held in Jomtien, (Thailand) in 1990 that highlighted the critical importance of addressing the learning needs of adults. In the context of globalization, basic learning skills and competencies are necessary not only for children, but also for adults, who are valuable human resources of every society. The new technological developments in information and Communication technologies (ICTs), such as satellite radio and television broadcasting, long distance telephony, computers and telecommunications have dramatically expanded our options for engaging in learning and teaching at the individual, community and societal levels. The hallmark of ICTs is their distributive power and...
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...Reference: Park, J., and Choi, H. J. (2009). Factors influencing adult learners' decision to drop out or persist in online learning. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 12(4), 207-n/a. Retrieved 04/17/2013 from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1287038599/13D7CABD07A2409A66F/1?accountid=28844 Purpose of the study: This study looked into various theories on why adult online learners fail to continue their education and examined limitations of understanding learner’s behaviors. The purpose was to identify consequential factors that contribute learners to discontinue their education from online classes and eventually investigate what can be done to keep students in online classes by involving sufficient number of participants and including meaningful variables; individual characteristics, external factors, and internal factors that are also differentiated by age, gender, educational background and employment status. They also considered external factors of family support and organizational support, and students own motivations that are sub-categorized by relevance and satisfaction. The study did not look at other internal factors like social and academic integration, and technological issues. They raised two important questions that follow; 1. Do the dropouts and the persistent learners of online courses show differences in their individual characteristics (i.e., age, gender, and educational background), external factors (i.e., family support and organizational...
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...their lessons & if the methods teachers use for making the teaching successful are working or not. As the whole process of learning is based on the teachers & students, it is the teacher student dynamics should be given more emphasize. There are some major issues that has to be considered while teaching. The first & the foremost factor is the age group of the learners. In a language class there are students from different backgrounds & evidently they will have different proficiency level. An adult learner will not pick up a language as a young learner will do. A young learner's LAD (Language Acquisition Device) will work more effectively than a adult learner. So a teacher has to take these matters into consideration, Sometimes a teacher might choose a teaching method which he thinks will be appropriate for the learners & the learners are also ready to learn the language properly. But these thinks will not work if the communication is not that much effective between the teacher & learner. Here the process of "need analysis" might be handful for the teacher, By need analysis the teacher can find out the exact process he should follow to make his teaching successful. Based on the methods the teacher student interaction is done in a classroom. So a teacher has to be very careful before using any particular teaching methods as he must deal with the students as the methods suggest him to do. In a language class there might be students...
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...features for their explanations of how language is learnt and each theory views the origins of errors and how they should be dealt with, differently. There are various techniques and teaching methods that are used in these theories. The behaviourist theory takes concepts from behaviourists such as Skinner, from behaviorism in psychology. The theorist refers to a process called habit formation and that all learning is habit formation. When children are learning their first language, they do it by imitation. The child will imitate the sounds and patterns that they hear around them. The adult will hear that the child is attempting to make sounds and they will encourage them through reinforcements such as a reward for the sound. The child will keep on repeating and practicing the sound in order to gain more rewards and by doing this it conditions the child’s verbal behaviour until the habit agrees with the adults habits. Therefore the reinforcements lead to habit formation. Second language acquisition has a lot in common with the way that first language is acquired. Second language is learnt in a similar way to first language learning. The behviourist believe that since the first language habits are from the mother tongue, the first language habits are transferred during the learning of the second language and complicated the new habit formation. There are two kinds of transfer, positive and negative transfer. Positive transfer refers to where the two languages have similar pattern and...
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... * Summary: A summary requires that you take a passage or excerpt and break it down into the most basic points. To use a common metaphor, you are trimming the fat. The reader should be left with only the major points. * Quotation: A quotation requires that you take a portion of the text and replicate it exactly. This can be anywhere from 3 words to an entire sentence. Part One: 30 Points For the assignment, write as though each answer is a portion of your Adult Learning Theory Paper. Everything should be in current APA format (where necessary). Please read the excerpt below and answer the questions. In an effort to better understand how adults learn, adult learning theories are derived to help theorists and practitioners by providing workable and testable explanations of the learning process. These theories seek to explain how the process of learning as an adult differs from learning as a child. They focus on describing how various social, psychological, emotional, and physiological factors affect adult learning. To that end, ideas generated by educators,...
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