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Adult Psychopathology

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The present study examines the ways in which early maltreatment can negatively influence adult psychopathology. More specifically, how child abuse and neglect (physical, sexual, and emotional) can increase the chances of acquiring externalizing disorders such as antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and psychopathy in adult criminal offenders (Dargis, Newman, & Koenigs, 2015). The study also examines the effects child abuse has on developing juvenile conduct disorder, which is the diagnostic criterion for ASPD. The researchers had three predictions:
1. childhood physical abuse would correlate with all three disorders;
2. emotional and sexual abuse would relate to CD and ASPD, but only the “lifestyle and criminal” aspects of psychopathy;
3. and …show more content…
The Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) was utilized to evaluate psychopathy. ASPD and CD were assessed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, text revision (DSM–IV–TR). And finally, child abuse—including, physical abuse, physical neglect, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and sexual abuse—was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). College undergraduates and professional staff were trained to make the clinical assessments for psychopathy. Though a longitudinal design could have yielded more information about the long-term effects of childhood abuse and neglect, I think that using a cross-sectional design has the benefit of looking at several different variables simultaneously, such as age, race, and IQ, which were all included covariates in the study. Still a longitudinal design could have considered the onset of abuse and the age at which the abuse stopped. For example, perhaps individuals who experience repeated sexual abuse at an early age that continues throughout adolescence are more at risk for developing psychopathy and ASPD, than those who experience episodic sexual abuse at an early …show more content…
One is that the researchers went in depth when examining abuse, neglect, and psychopathic characteristics. For each, they looked at various subtypes—i.e., physical and sexual abuse, physical and emotional neglect, lifestyle and criminal aspects of psychopathy—in doing so, they were able to establish a closer relationship between the variables. Another strength is tied to the finding that childhood maltreatment is linked to both ASPD and psychopathology in adult offenders and juvenile conduct disorder in adolescents. This finding has implications for early therapeutic intervention in child abuse cases. The authors do not discuss the clinical implications for adult offenders who already have psychopathy or ASPD since both are difficult to treat. Psychopathy is especially difficult to treat and may even be resistant to treatment since the affected individuals have minimal feelings including remorse and shame, and therefore do not have the motivation to seek treatment. Nevertheless, I think this study highlights the need for early intervention. For example, it was found that child abuse has a stronger relationship with juvenile conduct disorder than ASPD or psychopathy. This indicates the importance for victims to get help before the effects of child abuse snowball into juvenile conduct disorder, ASPD, psychopathy, and culminate with

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