...An adulterant is a substance found within other substances (e.g. food, beverages, fuels), although not allowed for legal or other reasons. The addition of adulterants is called adulteration. An adulterant is distinct from, for example, permitted food additives. There can be a fine line between adulterant and additive; chicory may be added to coffee to reduce the cost—this is adulteration if not declared, but may be stated on the label. The term "contamination" is usually used for the inclusion of unwanted substances due to accident or negligence rather than intent. Adulterants added to reduce the amount of expensive product in illicit drugs are called cutting agents. Deliberate addition of toxic adulterants to food or other products for human consumption is poisoning. In food and beverages[edit] Past and present examples of adulteration, some dangerous, include: Roasted chicory roots used as an adulterant for coffee Diethylene glycol, used dangerously by some winemakers in sweet wines Apple jellies (jams), as substitutes for more expensive fruit jellies, with added colorant and sometimes even specks of wood that simulate raspberry or strawberry seeds Water, for diluting milk and alcoholic beverages Cutting agents used to adulterate (or "cut") illicit drugs—for example, shoe polish in hashish, amphetamines in ecstasy, lactose in cocaine Urea, melamine and other nonprotein nitrogen sources, added to protein products to inflate crude protein content measurements[1] ...
Words: 1306 - Pages: 6
...Adulteration can be defined as the intentional addition or subtraction or substitution or abstraction of substances which adversely affect the nature, substance and quality of food products. It can be at the time of harvesting, storage, processing, transportation or distribution. Adulteration is of two types: intentional and incidental. Sometimes adulteration is caused due to ignorance, negligence or lack of proper facilities. To check the growing tendency of food adulteration, Government of India had intro¬duced "Prevention of Food Adulteration Act" (PFA) in 1954. This Act is based on interna¬tional standards, keeping in mind the Indian conditions. This Act came into force on 1 June, 1955. Since then the rules have been amended in 1968, 1973 and 1978-79 to safe-guard the consumer's interests. According to PFA, the following foodstuffs should be deemed to be adulterated: 1. If it is not of the nature, substance, and quality which it ought to be. 2. If it contains cheaper or inferior ingredi¬ents incidentally or intentionally. 3. If it has been prepared by a process which alters the nature, substance, or quality of foodstuff. 4. If any constituent has been abstracted partially or wholly from it like abstrac¬tion of cream from milk. 5. If it has been prepared, packed or kept under unsanitary conditions. 6. If it is infected with insects, worms, etc. 7. If it is obtained from sick or diseased animal, e.g., milk and meat of diseased animals. 8. If it contains poisonous ingredients...
Words: 628 - Pages: 3
...I. Introduction: Food adulteration is a growing problem in Bangladesh as large numbers of consumers have become victims of consuming adulterated foods. This problem is becoming acute day by day. It is becoming essential to find out the reasons of food adulteration and how to solve this problem. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has estimated that 45 million people in Bangladesh suffer from food poisoning or some kind of food-borne diseases round the year. Adulteration of food with toxic chemicals harmful to health has reached an epidemic proportion in Bangladesh. The newspapers have out and out conferred it, as the ‘silent killer’. It is now very difficult to find a sector of food industry which is free of adulteration. Experts believe that 76% of foods of our country are adulterated. Alarming increase of adulteration of food commodities create a strong public opinion for combating the ferocity of the offence. The study first identifies what is food adulteration and types of food adulteration. Secondly, the study aims to provide some suggestion for removing this problem. II. What is food Adulteration? Food Adulteration is the act of adding or mixing something harmful, useless and unnecessary substance to food. In other words, any food item may be considered as adulterated if its nature and quality are not up to the standard. As a result of adulteration, food or drink becomes impure and unfit for human consumption. Unscrupulous traders normally adulterate food....
Words: 1758 - Pages: 8
...Effect of food adulteration on the health of people Abstract of the report: Introduction to Food Adulteration: Adulteration – is a term legally used to define any kind of food product that does not meet the standards set by the centre or the state. The Prevention of Food Adulteration Act states that any substance that may be used for adulteration can be called as an adulterant. • Adulteration could mean any of the below: • Substitution with a cheaper or inferior quality substance – in part or whole • Articles being packaged and kept under conditions that are classified as insanitary • Any food article infested with insects, or consisting of decomposed , rotten or filthy stuff • Substance being obtained from an animal affected from disease • Articles containing poisonous materials • Articles that contain coloring substance that has not been prescribes for use or contains a prescribed coloring substance beyond the prescribed limits • The above point is true for preservatives as well • Quality of an article is not up to the prescribed standards As a part of this report, we intend to explore the effects that food adulteration has on the health and lives of the victims, look at some of the most common forms of food adulteration that takes place in our country as well as around the globe. We will also briefly look at the laws that are in place to protect us from food adulteration and their implications on controlling food adulteration. Another major focus point...
Words: 263 - Pages: 2
...Food Adulteration Food is the basic necessity of life. It should be pure, nutritious and free from any type of adulteration for proper maintenance of human health. One works hard and earns to satisfy one’s hunger. But at the end of the day, we are not sure of what we are eating. We might be eating a dangerous dye, sawdust, industrial starch or other contaminated foods which are a major source of diseases. And thus,we invite diseases rather than good health. Food adulteration is basically lowering the quality of food for sale either by the admixture or by the substitution of inferior substances or by the removal of some valuable nutritious ingredient. Yesterday, i was watching news channel and horrified to see the adulteration going on in our country just for a few bugs. People donot bother for others’ lives and health. . Since every consumer wants to get maximum quantity of a commodity at lower prices, the traders make use of this fact and quality of the product lowers through the addition of toxic or harmful substances or removal of the nutritional one. Thus we ourselves create situations for the traders to make our health unfit. Such type of food is extremely dangerous as it may be toxic and can affect health and it may deprive nutrients essential for proper growth and development. What i saw was actually shocking, cucumber was injected with the oxytocin given to pregnant ladies during their labour pains just to increase its size. Taking that may lead to heart problem, high...
Words: 432 - Pages: 2
...BTV vs CHANNEL I BTV is the first state owned television network in Bangladesh but Channel i is the first private television network in Bangladesh. BTV is the first channel that without any dish connection everybody can see this channel but without dish nobody can see Channel i. The picture quality of BTV is so poor, but the picture quality of Channel i is so much better than BTV. There are also some differences by broadcasting these two channels. BTV telecasts various program comprising drama, documentaries, musicals, education and information, including 14 News bulletins in English and Bangle daily. Channel i telecasts various programs like BTV but there telecasting programs are better than BTV and there programs were popular by people. It is also the good site of business. Channel I have some good techniques to improve their popularity by giving variety programs but BTV have no tension to improve their popularity by changing their old thinking. In these two channels they have some similarities like cameramen, production members, telecasting members, reporters, journalists, organization members etc. In the village side peoples watch BTV channel because they have no dish connection. For villagers BTV is the best TV channel. On the other side for city people Channel i is better than BTV. Villagers can’t compare these two channels for dish connection. It is the best site of BTV that they don’t need any dish line to publish their program and it is also the bad side for Channel...
Words: 258 - Pages: 2
...Md.Ruhul Amin Vill: Tayubpur, P.O.: Zirabo, Upzilla: Savar, Dist:Dhaka, Bangladesh. Mobile: +88-01706010670 E-mail: Alimruhu_l@yahoo.com Career Objective To gain an entry-level position in a marketing department or to obtain an entry-level position where I can use my excellent customer service and communication skills. Academic Qualification Bachelor of Business Administration * University Name: International University of Business Agriculture & Technology, Bangladesh * Graduation Year: 2015(continue) * CGPA: 3.50 (out of 4) (continue) * Course Duration : Four Years Secondary Higher Certificate (HSC) * Institute Name: Zirabo Dewan Idres Collage * Year of Passing: 2011 * Field of Study: Business, Dhaka Board * GPA: 4.50 (out of 5.0) Secondary School Certificate (SSC) * School Name: Zirabo High School * Year of Passing: 2009 * Field of Study: Business, Dhaka Board * GPA: 4.44 (out of 5.0) Language Skills * Reading, speaking & writing proficiency in both Bengali & English * Ability to write clearly and concisely. * Good inter-personal and Communication skill. Extra-Curricular Activities 1. Writing short story and highly interested in script writing. 2. Play Football and Cricket Self-Appraisal * Can quickly learn the necessary details of Work. * Excellent ability to adjust...
Words: 387 - Pages: 2
...Algae - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page 1 of 13 Algae From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Algae (/ˈældʒiː/ or /ˈælɡiː/; singular alga /ˈælɡə/, Latin for "seaweed") are a very large and diverse group of eukaryotic organisms, ranging from unicellular genera such as Chlorella and the diatoms to multicellular forms such as the giant kelp, a large brown alga that may grow up to 50 meters in length. Most are autotrophic and lack many of the distinct cell and tissue types found in land plants such as stomata, xylem and phloem. The largest and most complex marine algae are called seaweeds, while the most complex freshwater forms are the Charophyta, a division of algae that includes Spirogyra and the stoneworts. There is no generally accepted definition of algae. One definition is that algae "have chlorophyll as their primary photosynthetic pigment and lack a sterile covering of cells around their reproductive cells".[3] Other authors exclude all prokaryotes[4] and thus do not consider cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) as algae.[5] Algae A variety of algae growing on the sea bed in Algae constitute a polyphyletic group[4] since they do not include a common ancestor, and although their plastids seem to have a single origin, from cyanobacteria,[1] they were acquired in different ways. Green algae are examples of algae that have primary chloroplasts derived from endosymbiotic cyanobacteria. Diatoms are examples of algae with secondary chloroplasts derived from an...
Words: 539 - Pages: 3
...and satisfy the palate rather than provide a wholesome nutritional meal. We now have a lot more varieties and the choices are many. Though, some of us may not be aware of the fact that the food we consume may be adulterated, 25 to 30 per cent of the food items in India are intentionally adulterated. Impure, unsafe Food adulteration is the addition or removal of any substances to or from food, so that the natural composition and quality is affected. Adulterated food is impure, unsafe and not wholesome. Food can be adulterated intentionally and accidentally. Unintentional adulteration is a result of ignorance or the lack of facilities to maintain food quality. This may be caused by spill over effect from pesticides and fertilisers. Inappropriate food handling and packaging methods can also result in adulteration. Intentional food adulteration is usually done for financial gain. The most common form of intentional adulteration is colour adulteration. Some examples of intentional adulteration are addition of water to liquid milk, extraneous matter to ground spices, or the removal or substitution of milk solids from the natural product. Natural adulteration occurs due to the presence of certain chemicals, organic compounds or radicals naturally occurring in foods which are injurious to health and are not added to the foods intentionally or unintentionally. Some of the examples are toxic varieties of pulses, mushrooms, green and other vegetables, fish and...
Words: 446 - Pages: 2
...Market Failure * Adulteration in Food Industry Submitted to: Mr. Sheikh Morshed Jahan Associate Professor Course Instructor - Bangladesh Studies Submitted by: Samia Khan (RQ 16) Adel Mostaque Ahmed (ZR 22) Ahnaf Zabee (ZR 35) Rituraj Baidya (ZR 56) Institute of Business Administration University of Dhaka April 9, 2012 Table of Contents Market failure 3 Food adulteration in Bangladesh 3 Mouthwatering looks: 4 Endurance: 4 Examples of food adulteration 5 The consequences: 6 The awareness issue: 6 Penalties 7 The Solution 8 Conclusion 8 Market failure Market failure is a concept within economic theory describing when the allocation of goods and services by a free market is not efficient. That is, there exists another conceivable outcome where a market participant may be made better off without making someone else worse-off. Market failures can be viewed as scenarios where individuals' pursuit of pure self-interest leads to results that are not efficient – that can be improved upon from the societal point-of-view. Food adulteration in Bangladesh Food adulteration is the process of adding chemical substances with foods, which should not be contained within food and beverages. Chemical substances or simply adulterants may be added to substances to reduce manufacturing costs, or for some deceptive or malicious purpose. When profit in business is more important than morality, then it is possible to add the poisoning contents to the...
Words: 2319 - Pages: 10
...Dealing with food adulteration problem Muhammad Mustafa Posted: 28 Mar, 2015 00:00:00 Source : http://www.thefinancialexpress-bd.com/2015/03/28/86548 The adulteration or contamination of food is an alarming problem in Bangladesh. It affects the life of each and every person irrespective of gender, age or economic status. It poses serious threat to the development of the growing children – even when a child is still in the womb of the mother. The number of disabled and autistic children in the country is around 1.5 million, according to child health specialists. Access to pure and safe food is a fundamental right of every citizen of the country but unfortunately adulteration of food with toxic chemicals has reached such a level that pure and safe food is hardly available in the market. So, knowingly or unknowingly, people have to buy poisonous adulterated food with their hard-earned money to eat and to feed their children. The media, particularly the newspapers, have raised the awareness of the people about food adulteration. They have been writing how food grains, vegetables, fruits, fish, meat, milk, bakery products, sweetmeats, ice-cream and soft drink are being adulterated. Recently, it was published in many dailies that poultry, dairy and fish feed are produced from the waste of tannery factories, which are contaminated with heavy metals like cadmium, chromium, lead, etc. These harmful heavy metals are entering our body through consumption of fish, meat, chicken and...
Words: 812 - Pages: 4
...and satisfy the palate rather than provide a wholesome nutritional meal. We now have a lot more varieties and the choices are many. Though, some of us may not be aware of the fact that the food we consume may be adulterated, 25 to 30 per cent of the food items in India are intentionally adulterated. Impure, unsafe Food adulteration is the addition or removal of any substances to or from food, so that the natural composition and quality is affected. Adulterated food is impure, unsafe and not wholesome. Food can be adulterated intentionally and accidentally. Unintentional adulteration is a result of ignorance or the lack of facilities to maintain food quality. This may be caused by spill over effect from pesticides and fertilisers. Inappropriate food handling and packaging methods can also result in adulteration. Intentional food adulteration is usually done for financial gain. The most common form of intentional adulteration is colour adulteration. Some examples of intentional adulteration are addition of water to liquid milk, extraneous matter to ground spices, or the removal or substitution of milk solids from the natural product. Natural adulteration occurs due to the presence of certain chemicals, organic compounds or radicals naturally occurring in foods which are injurious to health and are not added to the foods intentionally or unintentionally. Some of the examples are toxic varieties of pulses, mushrooms, green and other vegetables, fish and...
Words: 701 - Pages: 3
...TermPaperWarehouse.com - Free Term Papers, Essays and Research Documents The Research Paper Factory Join Search Browse Saved Papers Home Page » Social Issues Effect of Food Adulteration on Community Health In: Social Issues Effect of Food Adulteration on Community Health Effect of Food Adulteration on Community Health Health is wealth. People need to be cautious to keep their health well. We are required to take balanced diet and take regular exercise. We also have to maintain the standard of food. Now-a-days foods are being adulterated by mixing inferior but toxic and poisonous chemicals in it. It may also be done by removing some valuable substances from it. Food adulteration is done to degrade the quality and to increase the quantity for maximizing the profit. Every day we watch in the TV news how the unhygienic and spurious foods are entering into our houses. Adulteration of foods has many effects on individuals as well as on the community health. Food adulteration can cause immediate effect on human health. Diarrhea, dysentery, vomiting are such type of effects. Tamarind and date seed powder mixed with coffee powder can cause diarrhea. Adulteration on bakery items and dairy products may have tremendous effects on a child’s health. Such as cream-filled foods, cereal, cream sauces causes increased salivation, abdominal cramp, vomiting, prostration etc. Improperly processed milk and canned meat may cause food poisoning and abdominal...
Words: 362 - Pages: 2
...Part I The Beech-Nut case is primarily a case testing the behavioral ethics and decision processes of key stakeholders in the crisis. This case primarily gives an overview on different roles of the key players and their outlook toward the adulteration speculation. I would like to briefly introduce the key characters, their responsibilities, and issues faced by them in their communication strategy, all of which in the wake of the crisis formed a basis for a crucial decision-making by the CEO. Peter Anderson Role: President and CEO Responsibilities: As the newly appointed CEO of Beech-Nut Nutrition Corporation Anderson was responsible for the following * Turning the loss making Beech-Nut into a profitable company * Increasing the market share of Beech-Nut * To supply healthy products rich in nutrition in the market which met Nestlé’s product standards * To undertake changes in the operational and marketing activities of the company which directly influenced the profitability of the company Ethical issues those faced by Anderson while addressing his role are listed as follows * The most important dilemma Anderson was facing during the speculative adulteration crisis situation was whether Beech-Nut Corp needs to join PAI in a lawsuit against Universal Juice Company who were the suppliers of apple juice concentrate to Beech-Nut * Whether Beech-Nut needed to continue selling its apple juice products from the finished inventory which was around 700,000 cases...
Words: 2722 - Pages: 11
...The Prevention of Food Adulteration Act & Rules (as on 1.10.2004) CONTENTS PRELIMINARY SECTION 1. 2. 2-A Short title, extent and commencement Definitions Rule of construction PAGE 1 1 10 MISCELLANEOUS SECTION PAGE 14. Manufacturers, distributors and dealers to give warranty 35 14-A Vendor to disclose the name, etc, of the person from whom the article of food was purchased 36 15. Notification of food poisoning 36 16. Penalties 36 16-A Power of Court to try cases summarily 39 17. Offences by companies 43 18. Forfeiture of property 45 19. Defences which may or may not be allowed in prosecutions under this Act 46 20. Cognizance and trial of offences 47 20-A Power of Court to implead manufacturer, etc. 53 20-AA Application of the Probation of Offenders Act, 1958 and Section 360 of the Code of Criminal Procedure 1973. 54 21. Magistrates power to impose enhanced penalties 54 22. Protection of action taken in good faith 54 22-A Power of Central Government to give directions 54 23. Power of Central Government to make rules 55 24. Power of the State Government to make rules 58 25. Repeal and saving 59 THE PREVENTION OF FOOD ADULTERATION RULES, 1955 Part I PRELIMINARY RULE PAGE 1. Short title, extent and commencement 60 2. Definitions 60 vi CENTRAL COMMITTEE FOR FOOD STANDARDS AND CENTRAL FOOD LABORATORY 3. 3-A 4. 5. 6. 7. The Cental Committee for Food Standards Appointement of Secretary and other staff Central Food Laboratory GENERAL PROVISIONS AS TO FOOD Prohibition of import...
Words: 130594 - Pages: 523
