...Operations Research and its Prospects in Pakistan Prof. Dr. Shoaib ud Din Mathematics Department Punjab University, Lahore, Pakistan Operations Research has had an increasingly great impact on the management of organizations in the recent years. In fact, with the exception of advent of electronic computer, the extent of this impact seems to be unrivalled by that of any other recent development. However, all the development in this field has gone almost unnoticed in most developing countries including Pakistan. This article is an effort to introduce Mathematics community in the country to the subject and its achievements. A brief history In order to appreciate the importance of OR in the world today it is important that we know something of its history and evolution. Although roots of Operations Research can be traced back many decades, it is generally agreed that this discipline began during World War II. During the War team of British scientists with diverse background were called upon to study the strategic and tactical problems associated with air and land defense of the country. The establishment of this scientific team marked the first formal Operations Research activity. Their efforts were allegedly instrumental in winning the Air Battle of Britain, The Island Campaign in the Pacific, the Battle of the North Atlantic, and so on. The name Operations Research-Operational Research in the United Kingdom – was apparently coined because the problems assigned to this team...
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...OPERATION RESEARCH Credits: 4 SYLLABUS Development Definition, Characteristics and phase of Scientific Method, Types of models. General methods for solving operations research models. Allocation: Introduction to linear programming formulation, graphical solution, Simplex ethod, artificial variable technique, Duality principle. Sensitivity analysis. Transportation Problem Formulation optimal solution. Unbalanced transportation problems, Degeneracy. Assignment problem, Formulation optimal solution, Variation i.e., Non-square (m x n) matrix restrictions. Sequencing Introduction, Terminology, notations and assumptions, problems with n-jobs and two machines, optimal sequence algorithm, problems with n-jobs and three machines, problems with n-jobs and m-machines, graphic solutions. Travelling salesman problem. Replacement Introduction, Replacement of items that deteriorate with time – value of money unchanging and changing, Replacement of items that fail completely. Queuing Models M.M.1 & M.M.S. system cost considerations. Theory of games introduction, Two-person zero-sum games, The Maximum –Minimax principle, Games without saddle points – Mixed Strategies, 2 x n and m x 2 Games – Graphical solutions, Dominance property, Use of L.P. to games, Algebraic solutions to rectangular games. Inventory Introduction, inventory costs, Independent demand systems: Deterministic models – Fixed order size systems – Economic order quantity (EOQ) – Single items, back ordering...
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...Year | 2015-16 | Academic Term | T1☐ T2☐ T3☐ T4☐ T5☐T6☐ | Functional Areas | OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT | Core ☐ Elective x☐x | Title | Quantitative Methods II | Abbreviation | QM-II | Course Coordinator | Prof. RAVI SHANKAR | Teaching Members | | Course Revision Record Version | Version Date | Recommendation | 1 | 05 Sept 2015 | | Credits | 3 | Contact Hours | 30 | Learning Hours | 60 | Office Hours | 30 | Contact Details | 09811033937 | Course eMail | r.s.reaches@gmail.com | Course Descriptor Course Overview(200 words) | Quantitative Methods-II, focuses on ‘Operations Research’ tools which helps in solving problems in different functional domain of business. It also helps to optimize business operations/processes. The Quantitative Method-II tools act as aids to decision makers to take best decision for effective & efficient use of resources which ultimately lead to profit maximization or to achieve multiple goals or objective. | Course must be aligned with a strategic objective of the program Prerequisites/Co-requisites | Quantitative Methods I | Learning Objectives | To learn basic optimization techniques and their managerial applications with a focus on methodologies such as Linear Programming, Transportation models, Assignment Models, Transhipment Models, Games Theory, Queuing Models, Goal Programming, Integer Programming, Non-linear Programming, Simulation and Decision Theory. | Learning objectives must be aligned with learning...
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...East Amherst, NY 14051 Buffalo, New York 14260 Ph: (716) 688-6360 Ph: (716) 645-3258 Fax: (716)645-6117 E-Mail: rramesh@acsu.buffalo.edu Web: http://mgt.buffalo.edu/faculty/academic/systems/faculty/rramesh Education Ph.D. Industrial Engineering (Operations Research) (1985) State University of New York at Buffalo (GPA: 4.0. Awarded Ph.D with Distinction) Advisors: Mark H. Karwan and Stanley Zionts M.Tech. Industrial Engineering (1977) Indian Institute of Technology, Madras B.Tech. Chemical Engineering (1975) Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Research Streams • • • • Economics of IT – MSP and Cloud Computing Markets Conceptual Modeling and Ontologies Database Systems and Distributed Computing Supply Chains & Decision Analysis Employment Professor Department of Management Science & Systems School of Management State University of New York at Buffalo (September 1998 - ) Associate Professor Department of Management Science & Systems State University of New York at Buffalo (September, 1990 – September 1998) Assistant Professor Department of Management Science & Systems State University of New York at Buffalo (September, 1984 - September, 1990) 1 Research and Teaching Assistant Doctoral Program in Operations Research Department of Industrial Engineering State University of New York at Buffalo (January, 1981 - September, 1984) Entrepreneur SYMBIOSIS Consulting Madras, India (September, 1977 - January, 1981) Appointments Chairman Department of Management Science...
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...CON100 Recitation: (Check your section time) Course Website: http://blackboard.rutgers.edu COURSE DESCRIPTION Key quantitative techniques essential for analyzing and improving business operations. Spreadsheet modeling of business decision problems, both with and without data uncertainty. Linear and integer programming optimization models. Elementary applied probability modeling and Monte Carlo simulation. COURSE MATERIALS Required Textbook(s): Introduction to Management Science, 11/E (Available in Book Store) Bernard W. Taylor ISBN - 10: 0132751917 ISBN - 13: 9780132751919 Course items in Blackboard LEARNING GOALS AND OBJECTIVES LGO1. Students will understand and be able to apply Key quantitative techniques essential for analyzing and improving business operations A. Students will be able to use spreadsheet modeling of business decision problems, both with and without data uncertainty in preparing assignments, projects, or term papers in other courses in the functional area business disciplines as well as in research projects in the workplace. B. Students will be able to employ spreadsheet software (e.g. Microsoft Excel) as a tool to assist in the solution of business problems. C. Students will have an awareness of ethical issues in conducting research, in optimization problems and in the presentation of results. LGO2. Students will be able to understand risk from the perspective of Elementary applied probability modeling and Monte Carlo...
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...CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION OF THE STUDY 1.1 Introduction This chapter introduces the material purchasing factors that impact on food production in hotel industry. The chapter also gives some background information about Ambassadeur Hotel; it outlines the statement of the problem, research objectives, research questions, significance, limitations, assumptions and scope 1.2 Background of the study Material purchase for food products is a function concerned with the search, selection, receipt, storage and final use of a commodity in accordance with the catering industry policy of the establishment. Business strategy literature is replete with evidence that indicate the purchasing methods of a firm have an impact on achieving a firm’s goals. The purchasing function can have an impact on the firm’s ability to achieve its chosen strategies because organizational buying is one of the forces that impact competition (Carr et al. 2000; Landeros and Monczka 1989). As hotels strive to achieve global competitiveness, effective purchasing has assumed great importance. According to Carter and Narasimhan (1996), firms need to recognize the strategic role of purchasing as well as the impacts that it exerts on organizations. The relevance of effectively managing the material resources of an organization to its competitive success has been observed by both practitioners and researchers in purchasing and supply management. As a result, purchasing has evolved in many firms from a low-skill, clerical...
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...Op"erations Research This page intentionally left blank Copyright © 2007, 2005 New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers Published by New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers All rights reserved. No part of this ebook may be reproduced in any form, by photostat, microfilm, xerography, or any other means, or incorporated into any information retrieval system, electronic or mechanical, without the written permission of the publisher. All inquiries should be emailed to rights@newagepublishers.com ISBN (13) : 978-81-224-2944-2 PUBLISHING FOR ONE WORLD NEW AGE INTERNATIONAL (P) LIMITED, PUBLISHERS 4835/24, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi - 110002 Visit us at www.newagepublishers.com PREFACE I started my teaching career in the year 1964. I was teaching Production Engineering subjects till 1972. In the year 1972 I have registered my name for the Industrial Engineering examination at National Institution of Industrial Engineering, Bombay. Since then, I have shifted my field for interest to Industrial Engineering subjects and started teaching related subjects. One such subject is OPERATIONS RESEARCH. After teaching these subjects till my retirement in the year 2002, it is my responsibility to help the students with a book on Operations research. The first volume of the book is LINEAR PORGRAMMING MODELS. This was published in the year 2003. Now I am giving this book OPERATIONS RESEARCH, with other chapters to students, with a hope that it will help them to understand...
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...Chapter one 1.1 Introduction For many manufacturers the task of meeting the ever rising demand and customer expectations and lowering production cost and maximizing profit in an environment of more products, more complexity, more choice and competition is placing great stress on the effectiveness of their planning of activities in the product kind. Organizations have already adopted solutions with varying degrees of planning and scheduling capabilities. Yet, operations executive acknowledge that these same systems are becoming out dated, lacking the speed, flexibility and responsiveness to manage their increasing complex production environment. Optimization techniques are applied to find out whether resources available are effectively utilized in order to achieve optimum profit from the activities of the firm. There should be consistency in the use of various resources and the mix should be such that it brings down the cost for ensuring profit. Therefore, it is the duty of the management to exercise control over the resources and to see that the resources are effectively utilized. Similarly, organizations in general are involved in manufacturing a variety of products to cater the needs of the society and to maximize the profit. While doing so, they need to be familiar with different combinations of product mix which will maximize the profit. Or alternatively minimize the cost. The techniques such as ratio analysis, correlation and regression analyses, variance analysis...
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...Scheme 7 2.2 Modes of shipping 7 CHAPTER 3 - APPLICATION AND MODEL 9 3.1 Description of the project 9 3.2 Objective of this project 10 3.3 Model Formulation 11 3.4 Mixed-integer Linear Programming Formulation 14 CHAPTER 4 - SOLUTION ALGORITHM 15 4.1 Problem complexity 15 4.2 Heuristic Algorithm 15 4.3 Test case 18 CHAPTER 5 - COMPUTATIONAL RESULT 21 CHAPTER 6 - CONCLUSION 24 6.1 Conclusion and Recommendation 24 6.2 Future Research 24 REFERENCES 26 APPENDIX B – Various ship routing and scheduling problem 29 APPENDIX C – Basic notation for this project 33 CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Logistics plays an integral role in companies dealing with tangible goods, both finished and semi-finished products. This ranges from electronic products to computer software and even liquid chemicals. Companies need to ensure their products reach their customers in the right quantity, at the right time and the lowest cost to maximize their profits. Logistics component of a company’s operation can be kept in house, if it is considered a key function; otherwise can be out sourced to an established logistics company, such as Federal Express (FedEx). Goods can be delivered via air, sea or land freight. Long distance deliveries use mainly air or sea fright, with land fright deployed when distance is relatively short or as a transfer of cargoes to and from sea ports or airports to the pick-up points or delivery points. Sea freight is the most common...
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...Space Age Furniture Company BUS 644 Operations Management Dr. Jamal Batta February 22, 2014 Space Age Furniture Company Background The Space Age Furniture Company manufactures tables and cabinets to hold microwave ovens and portable televisions. These products are made in various sized and with various features, but allow basically the same production and assembly operations. However, two of these products –the Saturn microwave stand and the Gemini TV stand—have a part (no. 3079) that requires machining on a special lathe used only for making that part. At present the machine is run by Ed Szewczak, a machinist who also operates other machines in Space Age’s shop. Once set up and started, the lathe can run nearly unattended. However, the machinist must be present (even if not actually attending the machine) any time one of the machines, including the lathe, is in operation. At present, Ed works a regular 40-hour week. However, due to the workload for producing part 3079, it has been necessary to schedule frequent overtime for him in order to finish necessary parts on time. Coral Snodgrass, operations manager for Space Age, has just heard from Ed’s foremen that Ed is becoming unhappy about so much overtime. As Coral knows, Ed has been with the company a long time and is an excellent, reliable employee. Skilled machinist with Ed’s experience and employment record are extremely difficult to find. Coral wonders what can be done to alleviate this problem. Recently...
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...cost but without it they can’t beat the demand uncertainties. The current models available however have discussed various issues related with the inventory management in real world but models are evolving to get rid of obsolescence and be competitive. There is lot of potential locked up in these models which can change the way managements make decisions in today’s world. Thus there is scope for applying systems thinking methodology this area and bring out synergies in different applications of Inventory management. Keywords: Inventory Management; Uncertainty of demand; SCM(Supply chain management) . Introduction Problem Definition: The research tries to review the status of Inventory management research available in different endeavors of management of businesses. Further, it tries to identify applications that have further scope for research. After that this article suggests methodologies and methods...
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...Natural Computing Series Series Editors: G. Rozenberg Th. Bäck A.E. Eiben J.N. Kok H.P. Spaink Leiden Center for Natural Computing Advisory Board: S. Amari G. Brassard K.A. De Jong C.C.A.M. Gielen T. Head L. Kari L. Landweber T. Martinetz Z. Michalewicz M.C. Mozer E. Oja G. P˘ un J. Reif H. Rubin A. Salomaa M. Schoenauer H.-P. Schwefel C. Torras a D. Whitley E. Winfree J.M. Zurada For further volumes: www.springer.com/series/4190 Franz Rothlauf Design of Modern Heuristics Principles and Application Prof. Dr. Franz Rothlauf Chair of Information Systems and Business Administration Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz Gutenberg School of Management and Economics Jakob-Welder-Weg 9 55099 Mainz Germany rothlauf@uni-mainz.de Series Editors G. Rozenberg (Managing Editor) rozenber@liacs.nl Th. Bäck, J.N. Kok, H.P. Spaink Leiden Center for Natural Computing Leiden University Niels Bohrweg 1 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands A.E. Eiben Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam The Netherlands ISSN 1619-7127 Natural Computing Series ISBN 978-3-540-72961-7 e-ISBN 978-3-540-72962-4 DOI 10.1007/978-3-540-72962-4 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011934137 ACM Computing Classification (1998): I.2.8, G.1.6, H.4.2 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations...
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...Industrial Project Management: A Handbook of Planning, Scheduling & Evaluation Techniques Dr. Miltiadis A. Boboulos Eng. Lazar Peshev Chapter 1 Decision modelling in management 1.1. Decision Modelling Modelling decisions in management is a process of developing models reflecting the interrelations between relevant factors in a real situation. The model is reality presented in a simplified form. Modelling is a specific method and means of comprehension. It is applied in company management to study various activity alternatives using developed models. Every individual model comprises various components, variables, parameters, relations, limitations and criteria [1]. • Components correspond to the elements of the system under study. • Variables are used to describe the relations between individual components of the model. They can have more than a single value [2]. • Parameters characterize the influence that various variables have in the model. They are constant for every individual model, i.e. they have just a single value [2]. • Relations reflect the links, relations and interaction between various components, variables and parameters in the model [3]. • Limitations point out the variation limits and can be either placed in space and time, can be single-value or multi-value, one-sided or double-sided, global or local, etc [4]. • Criteria are means of evaluation, comparison and selection. They are objective and subjective, qualitative and quantitative [4]. The model...
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...This page intentionally left blank R E V I S E D T H I R T E E N T H E D I T I O N AN INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT SCIENCE QUANTITATIVE APPROACHES TO DECISION MAKING David R. Anderson University of Cincinnati Dennis J. Sweeney University of Cincinnati Thomas A. Williams Rochester Institute of Technology Jeffrey D. Camm University of Cincinnati Kipp Martin University of Chicago Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions, some third party content may be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. The publisher reserves the right to remove content from this title at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. For valuable information on pricing, previous editions, changes to current editions, and alternate formats, please visit www.cengage.com/highered to search by ISBN#, author, title, or keyword for materials in your areas of interest. An Introduction to Management Science: Quantitative Approaches to Decision Making, Revised Thirteenth Edition David R. Anderson, Dennis J. Sweeney, Thomas A. Williams, Jeffrey D. Camm, & Kipp Martin VP/Editorial Director: Jack W. Calhoun Publisher: Joe Sabatino Senior Acquisitions Editor: Charles McCormick, Jr. Developmental Editor: Maggie Kubale Editorial Assistant:...
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...international journal of production economics ELSEVIER Int. J. Production Economics 35 (1994) 107-l 14 Trends in inventory management M.C. Bonney Department qf’ Manyfacturing Engineering and Operations Management. Universit.v qf Nottingham, UK Abstract Inventory management is one of the success stories of recent years and it is changing rapidly in response to international competition and new technology. This paper examines some of these developments. Inventory is a major investment in most companies. It strongly influences the internal flexibility of a company, e.g. by allowing production levels to change easily and by providing good delivery performance to customers. Yet inventory ties up working capital and space and it can suffer from obsolescence, deterioration and shrinkage. It can also add to administrative complexity. In recent years attention in manufacturing industry has concentrated on an ‘inventory is waste’ philosophy using JIT production, usually accompanied by visible ‘pull’ or consumer demand driven systems. The approach is also very effective in supermarket retailing and, at its best, provides very high stock turn and high profits to the company at the same time as providing good service and fresh items to customers at low cost, Current changes in inventory management consider the total logistics chain under the term logistics management, place a greater emphasis on purchasing rather than producing in-house and use more international sourcing...
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