...Copyright © 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978-0-07-180360-1 MHID: 0-07-180360-2 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-0-07-180359-5, MHID: 0-07180359-9. E-book conversion by Codemantra Version 1.0 All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. McGraw-Hill Education eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions or for use in corporate training programs. To contact a representative please visit the Contact Us page at www.mhprofessional.com. Trademarks: McGraw-Hill Education, the McGraw-Hill Education logo, 5 Steps to a 5 and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of McGraw-Hill Education and/or its affiliates in the United States and other countries and may not be used without written permission. All other trademarks are the property...
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...Interface * Intra-LTE (Intra-MME/SGW) Handover Using the S1 Interface * Handover Measurements * Handover Optimization and Design Principles * Handover Parameters * Handover Evaluation Mechanisms * Handover Failures in LTE * Conclusion. References: 1. Han, J., & Wu, B. (2010, October). Handover in the 3GPP long term evolution (LTE) systems. In Mobile Congress (GMC), 2010 Global (pp. 1-6). IEEE. 2. Iñiguez Chavarría, J. B. (2014). LTE Handover performance evaluation based on power budget handover algorithm. 3. Rao, V. S., & Gajula, R. (2010). Interoperability in LTE. White Paper Continuous Computing, published in webbuyersguide. com. 4. Cox, C. (2012). An introduction to LTE: LTE, LTE-advanced, SAE and 4G mobile communications. John Wiley & Sons. 5. Kreher, R., & Gaenger, K. (2010). LTE signaling: troubleshooting and optimization. John Wiley & Sons. 6. Network, E. U. T. R. A. (2011). S1 Application Protocol (S1AP)(Release 10). *More...
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...computer teacher at Garfield High School in downtown Los Angeles, California. To his surprise, the school lacked the computers he needed for the class, so he took an alternative position as a math teacher. In that first year of teaching, Mr. Escalante was confronted with many obstacles. The school was in the verge of loosing its operative certification; many students scored poorly in their academics, had problems with drugs or were involved in gang violence. As a new teacher, he constantly felt frustrated, with a sense of guilt for not inspiring his class to love math the way he did. Subsequently, and against all the odds, Mr. Escalante made a great contribution in the lives of students, and transformed the face of the College Board’s Advanced Placement Program® (AP®). Most...
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...OMNITEL PLAN 1) OPERATING MARKET: Market sector: Telecommunication After the collapse of Soviet Union in 1991 the first Lithuanian telecommunication company was organized by two Lithuanian entrepreneurs -Doctor of Economics J. P. Kazickas and Victor Gediminas Gruodis. Today JSC “OMNITEL” is recognized as the leading mobile communication service provider in the Baltic countries. From 2004 the company was joined to international telecommunication and network service provider SC “TeliaSonera” which is considered to be listed in Europe’s 5th largest telecom operators. According to the Communications Regulatory Authority (CRA) in 2010 in the latest quarterly report Omnitel in revenue covered: * 35.4% of the Lithuanian mobile market * 39.7% of active subscribers * 56.7% of Lithuanian mobile broadband PC market Omnitel Businesses: GSM mobile services, mobile Internet access and integrated data transmission solutions. JSC „Omnitel“ activities includes data transfering, GPRS ( General Packet Radio Service), web services, mobile and radio service, voice transfering. 2) COMPANIES ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE: (gavau informacija is draugu, kurie ruose diploma apie omnitel) Company constantly improves and develops the organizational structure towards horizontal one, thus ensuring the optimum flow of information from top management to the lowest level of management. However, the detailes of organizational structure of the company are not publicized. ( neisitikinus...
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...Group C1 Case Study D: M-Commerce Definition: Mobile Commerce is any transaction, involving the transfer of ownership or rights to use goods and services, which is initiated and/or completed by using mobile access to computer-mediated networks with the help of an electronic device Question 1: What is the “8-second-rule” of the internet and why is it important to the m-commerce technology? 8 second rule: a webpage has to be loaded completely in less than 8 seconds in order not to bother internet users who feel frustration while they are waiting Application to the m-commerce technology: since it is a new technology and we will see that users have many concerns about it, phone service providers need to offer fast connection Especially since the current technology isn’t stable and reliable enough, especially in big western cities where it is most important Question 2: Why might it be useful to m-commerce providers to have records of their users’ purchase histories? Through the use of cookies during online navigation, users are “customizing” their use of the internet which allows them to have quicker and easier navigation (automatically fulfilled) This also allows providers to get a lot of information about customers Three main purposes of having records: * Customer Relationship Management * Targeted advertising * Geographic localization Question 3: What is the biggest concern most cell phone users have about using m-commerce services? What are some other...
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...require remedial work. Advanced Placement Test (AP) High school students, who are high achievers, have an option to take AP classes. The College Board requires that the AP class be taken by an accredited school and the courses have to be approved and audited by the College Board. Only the approved sites are able to use the "AP" designator on the transcript "Authorization to use the "AP" designation for your course. http://www.collegeboard.com/html/apcourseaudit/faq.html However, a home school educator can create an account on the AP Course Audit homepage at the College Board website. Once the account is created, submit the course material and course syllabus to be evaluated and pre-approved. AP is graded on a simple 5-point scale. Each university has their own guideline of which AP classes to accept and what grade level is required. Before taking the AP course, check with the Universities for their rules. The point-scale for the AP exam ranges from 1 to 5. 5 - Exceptionally qualified to receive college credit 4 - Qualified to receive college credit 3 - Qualified to receive college credit, although a 3 is not accepted by most colleges. 2 - Could possibly be qualified to receive college credit (keep in mind that almost no college will accept a score of 2) 1 - Not recommended to receive college credit There are 37 AP courses offered each May around the country. Remember that homeschoolers can only label courses as “Advanced Placement” on their high...
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...As people are getting older, the need for medical professionals that can provide patient care to our ever growing population increases. The need for the role of family nurse practitioners will grow too. The role of the family nurse practitioner, the ability of the FNP to be able to transition into their role. The scope of the nursing role has transcended overtime to allow for registered nurses to practice in more advanced autonomous roles. The first Nurse Practitioner program was initiated at the University of Colorado in the 1970’s as professors sought the need to prepare nurses for expanded roles as it was evident the capacity of nurse’s ability to assess and determine the necessary treatment options for children and families. (Jansen, Zwygart-Stauffacher, 2009) While the definition of the advanced practice nurse role continues to evolve, the construct of the role is birthing a growing population of nurse leaders and expanding the framework of nursing care delivery. A family nurse practitioner must have graduated from a graduate program obtaining a Master’s degree or higher and receive certification from the certifying body for advance practice registered nurses. There are a lot of factors that have led to the recent need for nurse practitioners. Some of these factors include an increase in the need for provision of care to improve access, the availability of doctors, cost issues, and a nurse’s skills and expertise. Most of the time, the nurse practitioners are on the front...
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...Reflection Paper One Advanced practice nursing (APN) can be loosely defined as an area of nursing in which nurses are required to practice at an advanced level in a specific area of interest. APN extends the boundaries of nursing’s scope of practice and contributes to nursing knowledge, and the development of the profession (Canadian Nurses Association, 2008). In order to become an APN, the nurse must obtain a master’s or doctoral degree from an accredited university in an area of concentration designated for advanced practice nursing. According to Joel (2009), there are currently four major groups of APNs: certified registered nurse anesthetist, certified nurse midwives, clinical nurse specialists, and nurse practitioners. APN focus on critical thinking, educating the public, diagnosing and treating illnesses, and prescribing medications to name a few. This paper will discuss the future of the nurse practitioner and how I, as a future adult-gerontology primary care nurse practitioner, will advocate for my patient population. Philosophy and Beliefs of Nurse Practitioners Due to the fact that nurse practitioner is a branch of advanced practice nursing, the two professions often share many of the same philosophic beliefs. The overall philosophy of both professions is centered on four key concepts of person, society, health and nursing; whereas, the core philosophy for nurse practitioners is that of individualized care where focus is on patients’ conditions, as well as, the...
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...State of Advance Practice Paper There are many definitions of advanced practice nursing. Nursing’s Scope and Standards of Practice (ANA, 2014) defines APNs as having advanced specialized clinical knowledge and skills through master’s or doctoral education that prepares them for specialization, expansion, and advancement of practice. Specialization is concentrating or limiting one’s focus to part of the whole field of nursing. Expansion refers to the acquisition of new practice knowledge and skills, including knowledge and skills legitimizing role autonomy within areas of practice that overlap traditional boundaries of medical practice. Advancement involves both specialization and expansion and is characterized by the integration of theoretical, research-based, and practical knowledge that occurs as part of graduate education in nursing. APN is an umbrella term for the four roles mentioned earlier: clinical nurse specialist (CNS), certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA), certified nurse-midwife (CNM), and nurse practitioner (NP) (Sheer, & Wong, 2008). Each role is distinguishable from the others, but in some respects they overlap. This APN definition encompasses nurses engaged in clinical practice; it does not include nurses with advanced preparation for administration, education, or research (ANA, 2014). Only recently has the expectation arisen that APNs should receive their education within master’s or doctoral nursing programs. Although CNSs have always required master’s...
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...education and training (Institute of Medicine [IOM], 2010, p. 2).” Expanded educational prospects and advanced training and practice opportunities will create more effective nurse leaders to play an increased role and improve our changing healthcare community in the future. It is acknowledged that there are many different roles and levels of education for nurses, from the licensed nurse at the bedside in long term care facilities to the advance practice nurse directing and providing care in the community. The increasing levels of technology in our society have demanded increased skills in both documentation and in pulling together different resources to obtain information needed to make critical decisions for patient health care. The IOM recommends that by the year 2012 80% of nurses have their bachelor degrees (IOM, 2010.) Our healthcare system is and will continue to change dramatically over the next few years as our population ages and chronic conditions increasingly impact community health. The expense and labor entailed into training physicians will not continue to be economically feasible; and while the physician’s role cannot be replaced, there will be a need for Advance practice nurses to meet the need to provide care in the community. Higher education will improve the RN’s critical thinking skills as well as create a platform for increased opportunities in advanced practice areas. Lifelong learning programs are part of maintaining up-to-date evidence based nursing...
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...former hedge fund tycoon Raj Rajaratnam, a 54 year old founder of Galleon Group. He was convicted in May on conspiracy and fraud for persuading a crew of corporate insiders to provide him with illegal tips on technology stocks. These tips earned him between $70- $75 million in profits for his. These stock tips include tech companies such as Sun Microsystems, IBM and Advanced Micro Devices. The coverage by each news source was pretty parallel except a few deviations from the main point of the story. Some similarities of the casts were, the number of people charged in the case, they also focused on the health of Rajaratnam. They drove in the fact that his health was deteriorating and that could be why his sentence was only 11 years versus the I saw the story as subjective because they focused mainly on facts other than the views express years the US government sought out for in the beginning of the trial in May. The focus on that could persuay the feelings of the viewer because the media knows viewers are sensitive to things such as health. Although they brought health to the table they immediately did a 180 degree turn and showed this quote, "His crimes and the scope of his crimes reflect a virus in our business culture that needs to be eradicated," by judge Holwell. They used this quote in two of the three news sources covered. Raj Rajaratnam was represented as a conman, but also an intelligent businessman, and a charitable man. They talked about his contributions to his native...
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...Title: Core Competencies Necessary for the APN Role Development. Name: Course: Institution: Date: Interview with an Advanced Practice Nurse Introduction Interview with APN/CNP, Diane John Diane John, APN/CNP is a nurse practitioner at Health land, a Hawaii center for the public. She has devoted 30 years to her nursing career. She has worked as a nurse in a medical intensive care unit and as a research nurse in the study in the intensive care unit. She has been a Female Nurse Practitioner for the past 20 years where she started out as a midwife at wife care center, where she provided midwife services to women. Rationale for an engaged interview process The reason for this interview is to find out Competencies necessary for APN role development and also to get some background information of a nurse leader on a one on one basis. This information will be important because it will help us to develop leadership skills in the field of nursing. About the Diane John APN leader Diane John, APN/CNP is an attendant specialist at Health land, a Hawaii community for the general population. She has dedicated 30 years to her nursing profession. She has filled in as an attendant in a restorative emergency unit as a examination nurture in the study in the emergency unit. Interview What is the CNS nurse? The CNS is a practice for preparing advance practice nurses to be part of the clinical practice team where you work together with doctors to provide service to patients.Bringing knowledge into...
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... The Doctor of Nursing is an advanced practice nursing degree with an emphasis on clinical practice rather that research, teaching or theory. The trend in other healthcare related fields is to have the terminal degree at the doctoral level, nursing wanted to declare the terminal degree for nursing. In addition, advanced practice nurses have often been completing clinical hours at the doctorate level, but not been given proper credit for it. Nursing practice was defined as: ...any form of nursing intervention that influences health care outcomes for individuals or populations, including the direct care of individual patients, management of care for individuals and populations, administration of nursing and health care organizations, and the development and implementation of health policy. Preparation at the practice doctorate level includes advanced preparation in nursing, based on nursing science, and is at the highest level of nursing practice (AACN, 2004, p. 3). The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) set up a task force to determine the need and practicality of a practice based doctoral nursing program. It has become apparent to many leaders in the healthcare profession, including nurses, that other disciplines are now requiring doctorally prepared graduates as the entry level position. Nursing is one of the last health related disciplines that does not require a doctorate as the terminal degree (Lenz, 2005). It was also apparent...
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...The Future of Healthcare for the APN Rosetta Vaughn Grantham University Foundation of Advance Practice Nursing NUR506 Aimee Kirkendol RN, DNP, FNP-BC May 21, 2014 The Future of Healthcare for the APN According to the IOM report addresses nursing in all practice levels, with the greatest emphasis on advance practice. The report identifies barriers, describes new structures and opportunities, and provides overall specific vision regarding the vital contribution of advanced practice nurses to the health care system. The Department of Veteran’s Affairs (VA), the Geisinger Health system, and Kaiser Permanente are used as examples of care delivery organizations that maximize nursing scope of practice. The transformation of the VA from a hospital-based system into a primary care focused organization is based on the maximization of nurse practitioners (NPs) as primary care providers. As a result, by 2007, VA patients experienced higher quality and significantly lower-cost care compared with similar Medicare populations. Geisinger is noted in the report as an organization that that transitioned from a high-cost, specialty-focused medical facility to an organization of high value. Geisinger’s vision includes “having staff work up to the limit of their license” and to “redistribute caregiving work to increase quality and decrease cost.” Under this model, nurses in call centers shifted to primary care sites and established relationships with patients and families, resulting in...
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...Module Two: History of Advanced Practice Nursing Jamie P. Bernard Louisiana State University Health Science Center School of Nursing The historical evolution of the four Advance Practice Registered Nurse (APRN) roles date back as early as the 1860s when nurses were administering chloroform anesthesia during the Civil War (Cockerham & Keeling). During the nineteenth century lay midwives were delivering babies without any nursing education, and the first program for psychiatric nursing in America had opened its’ doors (Cockerham & Keeling, 2014). This specialty paved the way for Clinical Nurse Specialists (CNSs). Around the same time the Henry Street Settlement opened its’ doors, and public health nurses started providing primary care to the poor (Cockerham & Keeling, 2014). These nurses and lay midwives were practicing based on skills taught in the fields, because there were no formal education programs at that time for the APRN specialties. During the twentieth century, schools started opening and offering specialty nursing programs for the four Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN) roles: Certified Registered Nurse Anesthesists (CRNAs), Certified Nurse Midwives (CNMs), Clinical Nurse Specialists (CNSs), and Nurse Practitioners (NP). This was also the time when nursing organizations were being formed including: the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists (AANA), the National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties (NONPF), the...
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