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Advanced Financial Management

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Reading Material - AFM

Project
A Project is a set of inter related activities leading to a complete tangible or intangible product or service. e.g construction of a building / dam / ship, launching of a new product, conducting national elections, state level professional admission process, setting up a new plant
A project in business refers to an organized program of activity carried out to meet a definite goal. In business it may be to launch a new product, set up a new plant, increase existing capacities etc.
Projects may be ;
New projects, Modernisation projects, Expansion projects, Diversification projects, Other miscellaneous projects.
Project Appraisal:
Project Appraisal is the process by which a financial institution makes an independent and objective assessment of the various aspects of the investment proposition for arriving at a financing decision. There are four broad aspects of appraisal:
1. Technical feasibility – Analysing the technical aspects of the projects like technical process. Design, size, technology used, availability of resources like labour, raw materials, packing materials etc.,availability of utilities like electricity, water, fuel etc, installed fixed assets and their capacities etc.

2. Financial feasibility – Analysing the financial aspects of the projects w.r.t cost of project, sources of finance, evaluation of revenues and returns on investments and their adequacy.

3. Economic feasibility – Analysing whether the resources commited to the project are effectively used w.r.t to the value of opportunity cost to the economy in their best alternative use. Financial Institutions use cost benefit analysis to evaluate the projects. This is also called as Social cost benefit analysis . The impact of project on distribution of income in the society level of savings and investments in the society, contribution of the

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