...Petroleum less If we use electricity, we will use less petroleum because electricity is mostly been produced from domestic resources. With that, it will give a lot of benefit to the country and the people. This will reduce a lot of air pollution, health problem, economy will increase and other. 2. Lower fuel cost Electricity is cheaper than other sources. So, we can saving a lot of fuel cost. However, even the fuel are at lower coat, the cost of vehicles will be high but it will depend on the type vehicle purchased. With that, there are good and risk in using electricity vehicle. Furthermore, the electricity vehicles is much more worth that others. 3. Re-charging The plug-in hybrids is using some battery. If the battery were out, it has to be recharging using a household and it will take about several hour to fill it. However, there is no need to worry because it also can use gasoline or fuel economy but it will not achieve maximum range to travel. 4. Estimate fuel economy The plug-in can operate using electricity alone or gasoline alone and also the mixture of the two of them. This will make an easy to estimate the fuel in economy....
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...Competitive Advantage in the US Airline Industry The GREENair Strategy Executive MBA in Business & IT Class of 2014 Module 4 - Strategy & Organization - Assignment Author: Luís Faria Reviewer: Prof. Dr. Isabell Welpe Competitive Advantage in the US Airline Industry The GREENair Strategy Subject Page Module 4 - Strategy & Organization - Assignment 2/17 Abstract The US airline industry experienced many years of difficult and had consistently failed to earn returns that covered its cost of capital. Several changes such as regulation, deregulation and consolidation have affected the structure of the industry. The new conditions of competition led to changes on the strategy of airlines as they struggle for a competitive advantage. This document describes the current situation of the US airline industry and shape the strategic position of a medium-sized airline in the US market. Table of Content Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... 2 1 Introduction........................................................................................................................ 3 2 The US Airline Industry ................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Industry competitors ................................................................................................ 4 2.1.1 Major legacy carriers (United, American , Delta...
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...used as a transportation fuel. It is being blended in to gasoline at concentrations of five percent to ten percent for use in motor vehicles. The main ingredient in ethanol is corn, a renewable resource that is in abundance in the United States. Brazil is the leading producer in ethanol, and vehicles there have been running on 100% ethanol for many years (consumerenergycenter.org, 2013). While ethanol seems to be the answer to renewable fuel sources, there are both advantages and disadvantages to using this product. The most obvious advantage of using ethanol is the benefits to the environment. Vehicles that are fueled by ethanol produce much lower carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide than those using gasoline (West. 2013), and because this fuel source is made from plants, the carbon dioxide it does emit is recycled back to reproduce the product. A study published by Yale University's Journal of Industrial Ecology found that GHG emissions from ethanol produced at modern dry-mill facilities are "... equivalent to a 48 percent to 59 percent reduction compared to gasoline, a twofold to threefold greater reduction than reported in previous studies." (www.ethanolrfa.org, 2013). Another great advantage is that ethanol is readily available in many countries around the world. In the United States, it is made with corn, and produced in the Midwestern states like Nebraska, Iowa and Illinois. In Brazil, it is made with sugar cane, and is widely used as a primary fuel source. Possibly the greatest...
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...An Approach to Alternative Fuel Vehicle Rentals As one of the leading car rental companies, Lotus car rental is in a position to take advantage of a great opportunity. This is an opportunity to be one of the first car rental companies to provide our consumers with alternative options to fuel-powered vehicles, and to rise above the competition. Adding alternative fuel vehicles to our car rental fleet will increase our car rental turnover and improve the company's image to consumers. In this presentation, we will demonstrate that adding alternative fuel vehicles to our fleet of rental cars will reap tremendous rewards. This presentation will provide you with the advantages of providing alternative fuel vehicles and a cost benefit analysis. At the end of this presentation, you will see that alternative fuel vehicles will not only lower operating costs, but will also provide a new perspective on marketing campaigns and will set us apart from our competition. With the rising cost of gas prices continuing to increase on a daily basis, renting a car is fast becoming a greater expense to business travelers and family vacations. Driving cross-country for the summer with the entire family is quickly becoming a thing of the past due to the expense. Business travelers and families can no longer afford to rent larger vehicles. Their only option is to settle for a smaller car or pay at the pump. At current gas prices, a 3,500- mile adventure would cost the consumer $7,140.00 in gas in...
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...Diesel Vehicles By: Brandi Roeder Environmental Science Rick Henry There are many different types of fuel used to power a vehicle, some of which include solar, electrical and diesel. Out of these fuel types I would choose diesel as the best. There are advantages and disadvantages in all types of fuel sources. Solar and electrical are good environmentally but the diesel overpowers in all categories. Diesels are the better choice of all the fuels in my opinion. I would choose a diesel fuel because according to Consumer Reports they have a 30% better fuel economy than a gasoline vehicle. Also they are more affordable than a hybrid vehicle. According to The Diesel Page, diesel engines get better mileage than gasoline engines. Diesel engines also do not have spark plugs or distributors so you do not need to worry about the usual maintenance of these two things. Diesel engines are built to be used for hauling and they usually also last longer than gasoline engines (Health Research Funding). While speaking of hybrid vehicles, let’s backtrack to the solar and electrical vehicles. According to How Stuff Works solar powered cars have many practical problems with them. Solar powered cars do not gather enough energy to move the car very quickly, there cannot be too much weight in the car otherwise it will slow it down and use more energy. Solar cars also do not have a very good way to store energy. The layout for solar power is good for buildings, but it is much too heavy to...
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...the importance of the different type of fuel cells, the advantages and disadvantages of consuming fuel cells and appropriate applications to each type of the fuel cells. Statement of the problem: Billions of people in advance, developing and poor countries are dependent in fuels for their living. Millions of people or even billions are travelling each day by boarding a bus, car, ship, rail transport, airplane or riding on a motorcycle powered by internal combustion engines. Millions of people every day are depending on LPG or CNG in preparing their food. Still many of the power plants are using internal combustion engines as prime movers to their electric generation for the consuming public. And there are other few facilities that makes used of liquid fuels as their source of energy. The fuel consumption every passage of time increases and thereby price of fuel increases too as a result of these increasing demands to fuel around the globe. Businessmen, scientists, researchers, and engineers are exerting bountiful knowledge, physical efforts and million dollars in searching for other possible sources of fuel which may bring broader or wider solution to the global need of lesser amount of fuel and have a pollution-free effect to environment. The engineers who worked on these projects discovered recently the new breed of fuel cells as a source of energy to power automobiles. Toyota Car Industry is one of the users of this fuel cell by taking the reverse hydrolysis...
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...Title: Nuclear Power Advantages General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To inform the audience about the advantages of using nuclear power as an alternative power sources. Thesis Statement: After taking nuclear power advantages into consideration, not many people would feel the need of sticking to conventional fossil fuels, which are causing so much harm to the environment. 1. Introduction A. Attention Getter: When you hear the word of “Nuclear”, what will be in your mine? Nuclear power is being pitched as a suitable replacement for the age-old fossil fuels, and this success of nuclear power can be attributed to various advantages that it has over the other sources of energy. As of today, nuclear power constitutes for about 16 percent of the total power generation in the world. Several countries, such as Japan and France, have acknowledged the prominent advantages of nuclear power and resorted to it. For example, more than 75 percent of power generation in France can be attributed to nuclear energy. Other countries are expected to follow the suit soon, as their evaluation of advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power plants is in progress. B. Reason To Listen: Owning to its various advantages, nuclear power has gained wide popularity as one of the most efficient alternative energy sources in the world. C. Thesis Statement: After taking nuclear power advantages into consideration, not many people would feel the need of sticking to conventional...
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...Alternate Fuel Edgar Castillo COMM 215 1/31/2013 Ms. Diana Ferrell Alternate Fuel The world is familiar with the possibility and real results of polluting the environment. The ongoing destruction of nature is a subject of great concern. One of the types of pollution regarded as responsible for global costs rising is air pollution. The supplies of petroleum across the world are limited. As petroleum supplies start to decrease, it will also become tougher to get what remains. Alternate fuel automobiles are the trend of our future, because now a days gasoline prices are at an all-time high. The United States' dependency on foreign oil is also at an extremely high level. Hybrid Electrical Vehicles (HEV) operate from a mix of an internal combustion engine and an electric motor. A few advantages of hybrid electric automobiles are better gas mileage, eco friendly and less depending on foreign oil. HEVs can go 40-70 miles for each gallon of gas. HEV allows the driver to travel much longer without needing to fill up the automobile with gas, which also permits savings on gas. This will assist decrease the country’s reliance on foreign oil. This is an advantage because it encourages self sufficiency for the nation. It can also save money in the overall budget for the country. HEVs assist the atmosphere by not liberating as much toxin filled exhaust into the air. Each day we notice how the auto producers are coming with various kinds of hybrid cars as creative types of fuel. Toyota...
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...Kenan Advantage Group Pilot Study Analysis July 7, 2011 Environmentally Safe! Clean! Natural Diesel Fuel Additive! EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Test Conditions ! Pilot test by Kenan Advantage Group and 11 Good Energy from Dec. 2010 to June 2011 using a 5% G2 Diesel blend. ! The Treatment Group: ! The Control Group: 13 vehicles with 1,291 fuel stops. Received the G2 Diesel blend during the test period. 4 vehicles with 378 recorded fuel stops. Did not use the G2 Diesel blend. Key Findings ! The Treatment Group: ! The Control Group: 7.5% increase. Statistically significant: less than a 0.01% chance increase was random. 2.7% increase. Not statistically significant: within margin of error and expected range of fluctuation. ! Monthly results are consistent with the overall findings. The only significant variance noted was for the Treatment Group from the baseline to test period. All other monthly variances were within the expected range. Benefits ! Based on the study’s results, every gallon of G2 Diesel added at a 5% blend rate could replace 2.5 gallons of #2 diesel fuel that would have been required without G2 Diesel. ! Based on our results, a 5% G2 Diesel blend may decrease KAG’s annualized fuel consumption from 685,000 total gallons to 637,000 total gallons. This would result in 48,000 fewer gallons of total fuel burned, a marked reduction in carbon emissions. ! The major cost benefit of these findings is a significant reduction in fuel costs...
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...Adding Alternative Fuel Vehicles to the Lotus Rental Fleet BCOMM 215 March 11, 2013 Sharon Bronson-Sheehan Adding Alternative Fuel Vehicles to a Fleet This year more than ever, Americans are beginning to be concerned about the use of petroleum, due to the significant cost increase of gasoline and diesel, possibility of global warming, and energy security. Abstract Fossil fuels have been a primary fuel source for the industrial world, for centuries. Fossil fuel costs have been at all-time high and the economy is being burdened with the cost of everyday commuting and traveling expenses. Consumers have been looking for new ways to reduce cost by looking into other means of transportation. In an effort to bring down the gasoline cost for his fleet, Lotus Car's Chief Financial Officer is looking at the possibility of adding alternative fuel vehicles to its fleet. Types of Alternative Fuel Vehicles: Today, there is numerous alternative fuel vehicles developed and being developed to compete with fossil fuel usage. According to the U.S. Department of Energy, more than a dozen alternative fuels are in production or under development for the use in alternative fuel vehicles and advanced technology vehicles. (U.S. Department of Energy, 2013) Vehicles are being powered by biodiesel, propane, ethanol, hydrogen, natural gas, and electricity. The most popular alternative fuel vehicles being used in today’s rental car fleets are hybrid, ethanol, and electric vehicles. ...
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...ball (kinetic energy) striking a pin and displacing it (potential energy). Chemical energy is a form of potential energy that is absorbed or released by chemical reactions. Dried wood stores chemical energy and when burned, releases chemical energy that converts to heat and light. Radiant energy is energy that travels through space. An example of radiant energy would be light. The light from the sun makes it possible for living things to live on earth by providing fuel and warmth. Electrical energy is a form of energy from electromagnetic interactions. Electrical energy is the presence and flow of an electric charge. Lightning or a light bulb would be examples of electrical energy. Nuclear energy is regarded as a source of power and also called atomic energy. It is energy released by a nuclear reaction. Sun is nuclear energy that is produced naturally. Other examples would be nuclear power plants and nuclear weapons. Define what we mean by fossil fuels and explain why they are an attractive source of energy. Fossil fuels are energy sources such as petroleum, natural gas and coal which...
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... Fig. 13-2d, p. 301 Energy resources with low or negative net energy need help to compete in the marketplace • Any energy resource with a low or negative net energy ratio cannot compete in the open marketplace with other energy alternatives with higher net energy ratios unless it receives financial support from the government (taxpayers) or other outside sources of funding. – For example, the low net energy yield for the nuclear power fuel cycle is one reason why many governments throughout the world must heavily support nuclear power financially to make it available to consumers at an affordable price. Section 13-2 WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF FOSSIL FUELS? Fossil fuels supply most of our commercial energy • The direct input of solar energy produces several other forms of renewable energy resources that: wind, flowing water, and biomass. • Most commercial energy comes from extracting and burning nonrenewable energy resources obtained from the earth’s crust. – 87% from carbon-containing fossil fuels (oil, natural gas, and coal). – 6% from nuclear power. – 8% from...
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...Viability of Adding Alternative Fuel Vehicles to Lotus Rental Car Fleet The focus of this paper is to estimate the importance and feasibility of adding alternative fuel vehicles to the Lotus Rental Car fleet. This paper is addressed to the Chief Financial Officer. There are many types of alternative fuel vehicles (AFV); however, this paper will be focusing on hybrid vehicles. The discussion will cover the overview of existing operations, the advantages and disadvantages of adding AFV’s, the summary of the examination, and the recommendations on why and how it should be implemented. Current Fleet Status The Current fleet size for sister companies, Alamo, Enterprise and National, carry nearly 450,000 cars combined that achieve 28 mpg or better. The introduction of EPACT in 1992 introduced AFV’s into the US market, where they were mainly used by government agencies. The common term used to describe AFV vehicles is light duty vehicle (LDV). In addition, federal fleets are required to use dual-fuel vehicles unless a waiver is granted. Because of high oil consumption in the US transportation sector, concerns about national energy usage began to rise. This raised many questions regarding the resulting environmental impacts of greenhouse gas emissions. An example of this was in 2008, when it was estimated that the transportation sector emitted 1,930 million metric tons of carbon dioxide, which represents a 33.2 per cent share of total carbon dioxide emission from all sectors...
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...Alternative Fuel Vehicles’ COMM/215 July 1, 2013 Bruce Massis Alternative Fuel Vehicles The whole world is familiar with the possibility and results of polluting the environment. The ongoing destruction of nature is a subject of concern. One type of pollution regarded as responsible for global costs rising is air pollution. The exhausts from gasoline-powered automobiles are among the main reasons for contamination. Ultimately, cars will not run only on gas. As gas supplies start to decrease, it will also become tougher to get what remains. The time ticking on the world’s clock will not stop for mankind to refuel. Alternate fuel automobiles are the trend of the future. Driving an automobile fueled by something besides gas or diesel fuel is no more the thing of science fiction. The public simply requires to be more informed concerning alternate fuels. Product Hybrid Electrical Vehicles (HEV) operates from a mix of an internal combustion engine and an electric motor. They have just the same characteristics like conventional unleaded fueled automobiles excluding the motor. Hybrid electric automobiles have the identical torque, frame, and even add on alternatives just like any other automobile. “Additionally, HEVs have the possibility to run in, "Electric only" setting. In this setting, the automobile can run without any emissions that are ideal in crowded places and in places where emissions aren't accepted” (U.S. Department of Energy). A few advantages of hybrid electric...
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...can be seen in day to day life. For example, in cars, the chemical energy of fuel is converted into the mechanical energy of the vehicle; in motor electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy, in hydro power plants the hydraulic energy of water is converted into electrical energy, in nuclear power plants the nuclear energy is converted into electrical energy etc. With the Green movement we are seeing increased use of solar energy, such as solar water heaters and solar cookers where solar energy is converted to heat energy (Kehmani, 2010). While mankind has learned to harness energy and convert it to useful forms, Thermodynamics is governed by scientific laws. The first law of Thermodynamics is that energy can’t be created or destroyed (Kehmani, 2010). The second law states that heat energy can only be transferred from a body of higher temperature to a body of lower temperature. The third law refers to the law of absolute zero on the Kelvin temperature scale, stating that entropy of the body at absolute zero is zero and it can never be negative (Kehmani, 2010). Last, is Zeroth’s Law, which states that if two bodies are in thermal equilibrium with a third body then they are also equal to each other. For example, if body A is the same temperature as body C and body B is the same temperature as body C, then A and B are the same temperature (Kehmani, 2010). Fossil fuels such...
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