...Implementation and Evaluation of Wireless Mesh Networks on MANET Routing Protocols Shashi Bhushan1,Anil Saroliya2 ,Vijander Singh3 Research Scholar, Computer Science, Amity University, Jaipur, India 1 Assistant Professor, Computer Science, Amity University, Jaipur, India 2 Senior Lecturer, Computer Science, Amity University, Jaipur, India 3 Abstract—Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) is a kind of network which is made up of Mesh router and Mesh clients where Mesh router having lesser mobility and form the heart of WMNs. In this paper, Wireless Mesh Network over MANET implemented using routing protocols such as AODV, DSR. In this work NS-2.34 simulator is used for simulations. Various measurements and calculations were figure out in this work like throughput, Average end-end delay, PDR, NRL and Routing packets in Random way point mobility model. WMN have features such as self configuration, self healing and low cost of equipment. This work specifically aims to study the performance of routing protocols in a wireless mesh network, where static mesh routers and mobile clients participate together to implement networks functionality such as routing and packet forwarding in different mobility scenarios Keywords- Ad hoc Network, Routing Protocols, Wireless Mesh Network, Performance, Throughput, PDR, NRL and Routing packets in Random way point mobility model, Simulation on Network simulator NS-2, AODV,DSR , Routing Overhead. I. INTRODUCTION A Mobile Ad-hoc network (MANET) is an autonomous system of...
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...Communication Network The wireless communication network is different type of computer network that is not connected by wires, and is normally associated with a telecommunications network where the connection among the nodes are made without the using any wires [1]. The wireless telecommunications networks normally use some type of electromagnetic waves for the transmission of data or communication. 3.1.1 Types of Wireless Networks: Wireless PAN Wireless Personal Area Networks interconnect devices within a small area. For example, by using Bluetooth in create wireless PAN for interconnecting a headset to a cell phone. Fig: 3.1 Block diagram of WPAN Wireless LAN Wireless local area network is represented as a Wi-Fi technique or a Fixed Wireless Data Communication technique. Fixed Wireless Data implements technique point to point links among computers at two various locations, by the using microwave signals or laser beams above the line of sight paths. The connect two networks existing in two or more adjacent locations. Fig: 3.2 Wireless LAN structure...
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...2011 http://www.eurojournals.com/ajsr.htm A Survey of Clustering Schemes for Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) Ismail Ghazi Shayeb Albalqa Applied Univesity, Amman, Jordan E-mail: ismail@bau.edu.jo AbdelRahman Hamza Hussein Jearsh University, Jearsh, Jordan E-mail: Abed_90@yahoo.com Ayman Bassam Nasoura Jearsh University, Jearsh, Jordan E-mail: nassuora@yahoo.com Abstract Clustering has been found to be an effective means of resource management for MANETs regarding network performance, routing protocol design, Quality of Service (QoS) and network modeling though it has yet to be refined to satisfy all the issues that might be faced by choosing this approach. Scalability is of particular interest to ad hoc network designers and users and is an issue with critical influence on capability and capacity. Where topologies include large numbers of nodes, routing packets will demand a large percentage of the limited wireless bandwidth and this is exaggerated and exacerbated by the mobility feature often resulting in a high frequency of failure regarding wireless links. In this paper we present acomprehensive survey and classification of recently published clustering algorithm, which we classify based on their objectives. We survey different clustering algoirthm for MANET's; highlighting the defining clustering, the design goals of clustering algorithms, advantages of clustering for ad hoc networks, challenges facing clustering including cost issues and classifying clustering algorithms...
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...1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Overview A mobile ad hoc network or MANET is a kind of wireless ad hoc network, which is the infrastructure wireless networks where each user directly communicates without an access point or base station. It is a self-configuring network of mobile routers connected by wireless links with no access point. Nature of mobile device in a network is autonomous. Due to these mobile devices are free to move. In other words, the mobile ad hoc network is infrastructure less wireless network. The Communication in MANET is take place by using multi-hop paths. Nodes in the MANET share the wireless medium and the network topology changes dynamically. In MANET, breaking of communication link is very frequent because the nodes are free to move to anywhere. The density of nodes and the number of nodes are depends on the applications in which we are using MANET. Fig-1 Ad-Hoc Network In figure a simple ad-hoc network shown with 3 nodes. Node1 and node 3 are not within range of each other; however the node 2 can be used to forward packets between node 1and nodes 2. The node 2 will act as a router and these three nodes together form an ad-hoc network. 1.2 MANET Characteristics Distributed operation: The control of the network is distributed among the nodes; there is no central background for the control of operations. The nodes should cooperate with each other and communicate among themselves...
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...WIRE LESS MESS NETWORK WITH HRPU ABSTRACT A Wireless mesh network is a mesh network created through the connection of wireless access points installed at each network user’s locale. Each user is also a provider, forwarding data at next node. The networking infrastructure is decentralized and simplified because each node need only transmit as far as the next node. Wireless mesh networking could allow people living in the remote areas and small businesses operating in rural neighborhoods to connect their networks together for affordable Internet connections. Here we discuss a hybrid routing algorithm for wireless mesh networks. In HRPU, the mesh portal periodically broadcasts a mesh update message, which allows all nodes to have a route towards the mesh portal stored semi permanently in their routing table. Whenever a node has data to be sent to backbone network, it sends the data without any route establishment delay using the route to the mesh portal. In HRPU the mesh portals and mesh points are intelligent which further improves the performance. INTRODUCTION The Beginning: Wireless Mesh Networking (WMN) was developed as a quick way to set-up wireless networks during military operations. Since then it has grown considerably in popularity based on its advantages in both metropolitan and rural applications. WMNs are being applied as Hot Zones, which cover a broad area, such as a downtown city district. By 2010, municipal Wi-Fi networks will cover over 325...
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...(DIDS). It consists of several IDS over a large network of all of which communicate with each other. The DIDS mainly evaluate with fuzzy rule based classifiers. It deals with both wired and wireless network by Ad-Hoc network. It explores the use of conversation exchange dynamics (CED) to integrate and display sensor information from multiple nodes. It examines the problem of distributed intrusion detection in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs). Intrusion Detection System...
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...WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORK: SECURITY ISSUES AND COUNTERMEASURES IN ORGANISATION Nor Rasyidah Binti Haminudin2011634444M. Sc. (Information Technology)Faculty Of Computer And Mathematical SciencesUniversity Technology MARA, Malaysianorrasyidah.haminudin@gmail.com | | | ABSTRACT Every organisation today is looking to implement Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) infrastructure to improve its communication capabilities by providing access anywhere for employees, and more importantly, convenient access for customers and other users. WLAN provides users many benefits such as portability, flexibility, reduced hardware need and lower installation cost. Without a doubt, the benefits of WLAN enhance an organisation’s overall productivity. However, WLAN is not without its own security problems. WLAN infrastructures that are not secured would actually affect the security posture of the LAN environment as well. Having an unsecured WLAN can result in a loss of service, or can be used as a staging area to launch attacks against other networks. The significant challenges faced today in securing wireless LANs are maintaining privacy, data confidentiality, and preventing unauthorized access using proper access control mechanisms. This paper will mainly focus on the wireless access points (APs) as devices that act as a central transmitter and receiver or WLAN radio signals. It will begin by introducing the concept of WLAN. The introductory section gives brief information on the WLAN...
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...Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 1, January 2013) Applying Security to Data Using Symmetric Encryption in MANET Amol Bhosle1, Yogadhar Pandey2 Department of Computer science & Engineering,SIRT Bhopal Abstract-- Mobile ad-hoc network is wireless network composed of different nodes communicate with each other without having to establish infrastructure. The security of such network is a major concern. To improve the security of such network, technique proposed here is securing routing protocol AODV through the use of Symmetric Encryption algorithm AES. This secures the data as well as preserves the confidentiality. Further future work to be carried as of node authentication using IP address and using the AODV routing protocol and digital signature scheme. Keywords-- Mobile ad-hoc, symmetric encryption algorithm, confidentiality, AODV, Digital signature, IP address The nodes involved in a MANET should collaborate amongst themselves and each node acts as a relay as needed, to implement functions e.g. security and routing. C] Multihop Routing: Basic types of ad hoc routing algorithms can be singlehop and multihop, based on different link layer attributes and routing protocols. Single-hop MANET is simpler than multihop in terms of structure and implementation, with the cost of lesser functionality and applicability. When delivering data packets from a source to its destination out...
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...TOPICS IN AD HOC AND SENSOR NETWORKS Simulations in Wireless Sensor and Ad Hoc Networks: Matching and Advancing Models, Metrics, and Solutions Ivan Stojmenovic, University of Birmingham and University of Ottawa ABSTRACT The objective of this article is to give advice for carrying out a proper and effective simulation activity for protocol design. It challenges some of the existing criticisms of simulation practices that emphasized validation aspects. This article advocates the use of simple models, matching assumptions and metrics in the problem statement and simulation to provide a basic “proof of concept,” and comparison with truly competing solutions, which is possible only after a thorough and critical literature review. Then the complexity of the models can be increased (one parameter at a time), revising the algorithms themselves by adapting them to new assumptions, metrics, and the corresponding simulation environment. Selected independent variables should explain performance under a wide range of scenarios. unclear which protocol will perform well under a wide range of scenarios. It is our view that each article should be judged on its overall contribution, including the assumptions used, theory developed, new algorithms introduced, protocol details, simulation results, and relevance to an ultimate goal of staying on a path toward creating applications. We begin with a literature review of existing criticism for simulation practices, and then discuss what we...
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...capacity under a network model featuring both node’s mobility and infrastructure support. Combinations between mobility and infrastructure, as well as multicast transmission and infrastructure, have already been showed effective ways to increase it. In this work, we jointly consider the impact of the above three factors on network capacity. We assume that m static base stations and n mobile users are placed in an ad hoc network. A general mobility model is adopted, such that each user moves within a bounded distance from its home-point with an arbitrary pattern. In addition, each mobile node serves as a source of multicast transmission, which results in a total number of n multicast transmissions. We focus on the situations in which base stations actually benefit the capacity improvement, and find that multicast capacity in a mobile hybrid network falls into several regimes. For each regime, reachable upper and lower bounds are derived. Our work contains theoretical analysis of multicast capacity in hybrid networks and provides guidelines for the design of real hybrid system combing cellular and ad hoc networks. 1 Index Terms—Wireless ad hoc network; multicast capacity; mobility; infrastructure; hybrid network; scaling law; that each moving node is located within a circle of radius 1/f (n) [3]. By mapping the network to a generalized random geometric graph, they have proven that Θ(1/f (n)) per-node capacity is achievable. Infrastructure in an ad hoc network provides a more straightforward...
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...specifically designed for use in multi-hop wireless ad hoc networks. The protocol does not require any existing network infrastructure or administration and is completely self-organizing and self-configuring. The protocol basically consists of the two mechanisms: Route Discovery and Route Maintenance, where the Route Discovery mechanism handles establishment of routes and the Route Maintenance mechanism keeps route information updated. Assumptions Some assumptions concerning the behavior of the nodes that participate in the ad hoc network are made. The most important assumptions are the following: A1. All nodes that participate in the network are willing to participate fully in the protocols of the network. A2. The diameter of an ad hoc network is the minimum number of hops necessary for a packet to reach from any node located at one extreme edge of the ad hoc network to another node located at the opposite extreme. We assume that this diameter will often be small (e.g., perhaps 5 or 10 hops), but it may often be greater than 1. A3. Nodes can detect the error through a standard link-layer checksum or Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC), and discard corrupted packages . A4. The speed at which nodes move is moderate with respect to packet transmission latency and wireless transmission range of the particular underlying network hardware in use. A5. Each node can be identified by a unique id by which it is recognized in the network. Mode of Operation DSR operate on demand, which...
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...Top Data Management Terms to Know Fifteen essential definitions you need to know Fifteen Essential Data Management Terms We know it’s not always easy to keep up-to-date Contents with the latest data management terms. That’s why we have put together the top fifteen terms and definitions that you and your peers need to know. OLAP (online analytical processing) Star schema What is OLAP (online analytical processing) Fact table OLAP (online analytical processing) is computer processing that enables a Big data analytics Data modeling Ad hoc analysis user to easily and selectively extract and view data from different points of view. For example, a user can request that data be analyzed to display a spreadsheet showing all of a company's beach ball products sold in Florida in the month of July, compare revenue figures with those for the same products in September, and then see a comparison of other product sales in Data visualization Extract, transform, load (ETL) Florida in the same time period. To facilitate this kind of analysis, OLAP data is stored in a multidimensional database. Whereas a relational database can be thought of as two-dimensional, a multidimensional database considers each data attribute (such as product, geographic sales region, and time Association rules (in data mining) Relational database period) as a separate "dimension." OLAP software can locate the intersection of dimensions (all products sold in the...
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...Finally Section 10 concludes this article. Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) has become an exciting and important technology in recent years because of the rapid proliferation of wireless devices. A mobile adhoc network consists of mobile nodes that can move freely in an open environment. Communicating nodes in a Mobile Adhoc Network usually seek the help of other intermediate nodes to establish communication channels. In such an environment, malicious intermediate nodes can be a threat to the security of conversation between mobile nodes. The security experience from the Wired Network world is of little use in Wireless Mobile Ad hoc networks, due to some basic differences between the two Networks. Therefore, some novel solutions are required to make Mobile Adhoc Network secure. 1 2 2.1 Mobile Adhoc Networks Introduction Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) is a collection of independent mobile nodes that can communicate to each other via radio waves. The mobile nodes that are in radio range of each other can directly communicate, whereas others needs the aid of intermediate nodes to route their packets. These networks are fully distributed, and can work at any place without the help of any infrastructure. This property makes these networks highly flexible and robost. The characteristics of these networks are summarized as follows: Introduction • Communication via wireless means. A Mobile Adhoc Network is a group of wireless mobile computers in which nodes...
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...November12 ,2004 Abstract Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) has become an exciting and important technology in recent years because of the rapid proliferation of wireless devices. A mobile adhoc network consists of mobile nodes that can move freely in an open environment. Communicating nodes in a Mobile Adhoc Network usually seek the help of other intermediate nodes to establish communication channels. In such an environment, malicious intermediate nodes can be a threat to the security of conversation between mobile nodes. The security experience from the Wired Network world is of little use in Wireless Mobile Ad hoc networks, due to some basic differences between the two Networks. Therefore, some novel solutions are required to make Mobile Adhoc Network secure. problems of secuirity in MANETs. Further sections deals with some of the solutions to these problems. Finally Section 10 concludes this article. 2 2.1 Mobile Adhoc Networks Introduction 1 Introduction Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) is a collection of independent mobile nodes that can communicate to each other via radio waves. The mobile nodes that are in radio range of each other can directly communicate, whereas others needs the aid of intermediate nodes to route their packets. These networks are fully distributed, and can work at any place without the help of any infrastructure. This property makes these networks highly flexible and robost. The characteristics of these networks are summarized as follows: ...
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...Downloads: 225) Security Issues in MANETs Presented By: Abhishek Seth 04329001 Abstract Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) has become an ex¬citing and important technology in recent years because of the rapid proliferation of wireless devices. A mo¬bile adhoc network consists of mobile nodes that can move freely in an open environment. Communicating nodes in a Mobile Adhoc Network usually seek the help ofother intermediate nodes to establish communication channels. In such an environment, malicious interme¬diate nodes can be a threat to the security of conver¬sation between mobile nodes. The security experience from the Wired Network world is oflittle use in Wire¬less Mobile Ad hoc networks, due to some basic differ¬ences between the two Networks. Therefore, some novel solutions are required to make Mobile Adhoc Network secure. 1 Introduction A Mobile Adhoc Network is a group of wireless mo¬bile computers in which nodes cooperate by forwarding packets for each other to allow them to communicate beyond direct wireless transmission range. Application such as military excercises, disaster relief, and mine site operation may benefit from adhoc networking, but secure and reliable communication is a necessary pre¬requisite for such applications. MANETS are more vulnerable to attacks than wired networks due to open medium, dynamically changing network topology, cooperative algorithms, lack of cen-tralized monitoring and lack of clear line of defense. Security...
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