...How far were the policies of the Republican Party the main reason for America’s economic success in the 1920’s [50 marks] Although America remained neutral and did not join World War One until 1917, they were already increasing their country’s profits by selling goods such as: weapons, food, equipment and other ammunition to both sides of the war. During World War One, as well as selling goods, America became ‘the banker’ to the rest of the world: loaning countries money at a very high interest. According to the First World War commissions “Britain, France and Italy owed the USA $22 billion plus interest”, this is showing that USA was at a very stable place financially even before the 1920s began. When the war ended Woodrow Wilson put forward his 14 Points which included a League of Nations. The League of Nations’ overall aim was to prevent war from breaking out again. America’s congress at the time decided that it would be best for America in the long run not to join the League of Nations because, congress believed that the USA should not interfere in any European or world affairs. Refusal to join the League of Nations made America an isolationist country. When Warren G. Harding won the presidential election and became president in 1921 a political party called the Republicans took over from the Democrats and the American government. 1920s America was known as the ‘Roaring twenties’ because of the entertainment and the crazes sweeping the country. There were lots of...
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...How far were the policies of the Republican Party the main reason for America’s economic success in the 1920’s [50 marks] Although America remained neutral and did not join World War One until 1917, they were already increasing their country’s profits by selling goods such as: weapons, food, equipment and other ammunition to both sides of the war. During World War One, as well as selling goods, America became ‘the banker’ to the rest of the world: loaning countries money at a very high interest. According to the First World War commissions “Britain, France and Italy owed the USA $22 billion plus interest”, this is showing that USA was at a very stable place financially even before the 1920s began. When the war ended Woodrow Wilson put forward his 14 Points which included a League of Nations. The League of Nations’ overall aim was to prevent war from breaking out again. America’s congress at the time decided that it would be best for America in the long run not to join the League of Nations because, congress believed that the USA should not interfere in any European or world affairs. Refusal to join the League of Nations made America an isolationist country. When Warren G. Harding won the presidential election and became president in 1921 a political party called the Republicans took over from the Democrats and the American government. 1920s America was known as the ‘Roaring twenties’ because of the entertainment and the crazes sweeping the country. There were lots of...
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...Advertising Consumer Midterm Paper Revised Fall 2014 Name: Zeina El Zein Professor: Marilyn Cohen Advertising is not merely a way of selling goods, it is a true part of the culture of a confused society. - Raymond Williams Advertisements have shifted drastically from the 1920’s up until now; this change is heavily influenced by psychological advertising and the technological changes that took part during that time. Due to current events happening in the 1920’s advertising began to be geared to consumer fears, needs and desires in order to promote brands and products. In 1921 Listerine the company came up with what was called an American epidemic known as “chronic halitosis;” the goal of this creation was to convince Americans that it was a medical condition and the best solution to it was their newly created product. The company’s marketing campaign was a great success and brought high revenue to them; this was made possible through their advertising team who knew exactly what to tackle: the insecurities of Americans. The advertisements often included images in sexual or romantic settings in order to emphasize the importance of the need of the product in order to be socially acceptable. In this essay I will be looking at two different Listerine advertisements one dated from the 1920’s and another one from 2010, while evaluating the technical as well as psychological changes that occurred. By the time of the 1920’s the field of advertising experienced a...
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...change in nearly all aspects of life. The invention of the car, radio, and television gave even the most remote rural farm woman access to the outside world. This exposure changed the way America functioned. People in the United States no longer had limited access to information, and products and changed the way advertisements were created. Advertisements from 1920 unto 1959 changed dramatically in the way women were portrayed and how they were attempting to influence women to buy their products. The first major change in advertisement was in the way women were pictured. In the 1920’s it was the era of the flapper and the dresses got shorter and revealed more skin. The advertisements also changed in...
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...The 1920s were a decade characterized by great change. Even though it was the decade after world war 1, it was almost 10 years of improvement for many Americans. Industries were still thriving in America and they were actually richer and more powerful than before World War I. So what event made the 1930’s so different? The Great Depression quickly turned those carefree years into ones of turmoil and despair. The decade after the first world war ever saw tremendous change. Progressivism was a leading factor of World War 1 and in the 1920’s the evidence can be seen. Industries were making their products at an increasing rate. Products that were not popular before World War I were now used by millions of Americans. Cars were only used by about 9 million Americans and by the end of the roaring 20’s that number had reached over thirty million. Also many new inventions were created making life for Americans much easier. Radios, vacuum cleaners, irons, washing machines, and refrigerators were the new electronics that everyone had to have. Refrigerators allowed for better production and transportation of food products. This allowed you to keep food cold and fresh making exporting food a valuable part of the economy. These new inventions were making home life easier for men and women. Not only were American families buying these new items but they also started purchasing stock in companies at an increased rate. Buying stocks was available before the war but was not really done. Soon...
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...In the 1920’s Canadians were building on a new sense of national identity. The world suddenly became smaller for many people. New inventions such as the radio, automobiles and air travel meant that people in the remotest areas of the country were no longer as isolated. People living in isolated rural sections of the country were brought into contact with the cities of the nation. After the horrors of the war, people were ready to add some joy and simplicity to their lives. Radio did exist before the 1920’s. Ask Mr. Copeland how far I should go into context Radio was an amazing communication device in the 1920’s and it became a feature in any Canadian homes. Everyone wanted to have a radio, and owning one was a status symbol. Voices, news,...
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...Lecture 2 History of Advertising Advertising – to gather together, to persuade people about something Advertising has existed before the industrial revolution According to Singer advertising is… A key element in economic history as well as our social, technological, artistic and cultural histories… and perhaps one of the keys to the understanding of the evolution of our complex urban society For exams you don’t need to know date but you need centuries/periods etc. Preliterate period (3000-400 BC) Pre writing and reading period – advertising will be very different than is does now Literacy levels were low, people couldn’t read and write – so communicated with symbols 1200 BC: painted on carved messages on rocks and stones leading down paths to harbor (ship was coming in, stuff available to obtain) Fijians o Came up with the alphabet as a consistent form o Centered around biblical ideologies o When societies became literate – usually taught religious stuff only select people were taught literacy (high up people, nobility) (school comes from the word leisure, only rich people had leisure time – thought it was a foolish endeavor to teach poor because they were not smart enough) th 6 century BC: town criers most common form of advertising throughout history is oral advertising or the town crier (bellmen) o What they do is go around and be very loud voices, men always, ringing bell, delivering some kind of message, dressed in a certain way...
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...QUESTION 1 CONSUMER PSYCHOLOGY The field of Consumer Psychology grew as consumer society grew. An increased interest in understanding consumers was driven by: * Increased production and adoption of consumer goods (ranging from Coca-Cola to household appliances and automobiles) in the 1920’s and 1930’s. * The advent of advertising via radio (1920) and television (1941). After World War II, governments around the world sought to strengthen their economies in part through increased consumer spending, further bolstering interest in this area. The Division of Consumer Psychology of the APA was formed in 1960 to represent psychologists whose interests lie in consumer-related topics. The name was changed in 1988 to The Society for Consumer Psychology. Consumer psychology is a specialty area that studies how our thoughts, beliefs, feelings and perceptions influence how people buy and relate to goods and services. One formal definition of the field describes it as "the study of individuals, groups, or organizations and the processes they use to select, secure, use, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or ideas to satisfy needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society"." According to the Society for Consumer Psychology, division 23 of the American Psychological Association, consumer psychology "employs theoretical psychological approaches to understanding consumers." This field is often considered a sub-specialty of industrial-organizational...
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...mutual benefit. Business Psychology dictates to organisations what constitutes effective organisational practice. It has a reciprocal relationship with business and draws insights from those with experience of what works at work. This enables psychological research to be applied pragmatically and in a way that is appropriate to the situation. It also allows a cross fertilisation of experience from business into psychology and of academic knowledge and rigour from psychology into business. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE WALTER DILL SCOTT (1901) Developed laws of suggestibility as a critical mechanism of advertising Advised companies to take on the “direct command” approach for advertising Advocated use of illustrations in advertisements Recommended the use of return coupons Wrote the following books: The Theory of Advertising ( 1903) The Psychology of Advertising (1908) Influencing Men in Business and Increasing Human Efficiency in Business (1911) SCIENTIFIC...
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...In this unit you will learn about the tensions in American Society following WWI. The 1920’s are often remembered for the upbeat, boisterous characteristics that earned the decade of its nickname, the “ Roaring Twenties”. However, while impressions of the “ Roaring Twenties” prosperity are accurate, the decade also saw economic recession labor unrest and an increase in discrimination, anti-communist sentiment (feelings), anti- immigration legislation (laws), and racial violence rose during this tumultuous decade. As WWI ended, Americans were eager to “ return to normalcy,” meaning the return of traditional gender roles, the need for family stability and other traditional biblical norms those Americans who pushed for these ideas were called “ Traditionalists” and “ Fundamentalists”....
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...Newspaper Article Merlynna Harley HIS/120 January 23, 2012 Jordan Billings Buying on Credit in the 1920s Leads to the Great Depression in the 1930s The citizens of the United States started buying on credit in the 1920s all over the United States because there was a great economic boom. When the United States citizens started buying on credit they did not know that it was going to take a turn for the worst. In the 1920s the economy was booming with new industries and new methods of production. America was able to use a large supply of raw materials to produce chemicals, steel, glass, and machinery in which it became the structure of a massive boom in products. Stores started to sell lots of goods which made the value of stocks rise. Therefore many United States citizens started to invest in the stock market with borrowed money assuming that they would make a fast profit. Thinking they could pay the loans off when they sold the stock. There was more people invested into the stock market in the 1920s then there ever was before. They started buying cars, refrigerators, and other luxury items with money they did not have. The economy eventually quit booming and people could no longer buy things because they had spent all their money into paying off their credit. This left millions of people in debt and many people ended up losing their jobs. The stock market crashed and the economy started to collapse inflammation started and the United States entered the Great Depression...
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...Format for Course Outline ------------------------------------------------- Course Details Academic Session : 2015-2017 Term : IV Course Name : Digital Marketing Name of Instructor : Prof. Ami Shah Guest Faculty, if any (Yes /No): No If Yes, Name of the Guest Faculty: _____________________________________ Affiliation of the Guest Faculty: ________________________________________ Number of Sessions to be taught by the Guest Faculty: ___________ ------------------------------------------------- Course Objectives The Internet has become an integral part of our daily lives. It has helped in making information easily available as and when requested. In the era of .com and eBusinesses, brands have created their websites and online stores to keep consumers and prospects informed, tailor make customized offering and interact with them in a personalized manner. Consumers are increasingly turning to the Internet as this is one of the most ‘non-intrusive’ platforms that provide information ‘on-demand’ at anytime that’s most convenient to them. Emergence of social platforms has further changed the digital landscape. Social platforms provide new ways to connect and interact with friends, find and befriend people who share a common interest, build professional circles and voice free opinion on any and everything. In a nutshell, social platforms have helped in community building, exchange of information and honest expression of thoughts...
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...Did the 1920’s Roar? The 1920’s were an interesting time in history, soldiers were returning home from war and people had a reason to celebrate and thus the decade roared. Many women went back to working out of the home but women became more liberated after experiencing independence of working during the war. Women wanted to work, dress more modern, get educated and have the right to vote. Families reunited and enjoyed sitting around the living room listening to new inventions like the radio and the record player. People had more money and they wanted to have fun and live beyond their means spending money on convenience items like washing machines, sewing machines, and vacuums. Middle class wanted to live like the rich and enjoy luxuries like cars, fine clothes and entertainment like Jazz, movies and gambling. Mass production and advertising was making items more accessible and desirable and everyone was investing their savings on the rising stock market. In many ways the 1920’s were a positive period full of fun and fads and the decade roared but there were also negative events throughout the 1920’s, most notably the 1929 stock market but also political and labour unrest, racial discrimination and the onset of Residential Schools, which made the 20’s, not roar. All the new fads and fashion trends made this period a time for change and growth. Many ladies in the 1920’s wanted to be liberated and challenge the status quo on acceptable dress and conservative hair styles...
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...Introduction The advertising campaign that Budweiser runs is one of the strongest in the world. In the past 30 years Anheuser- Bush has taken a steady fall, consumers saying they have become tired here in America. In January of this year Coors Light surpassed Budweiser to become the #2 selling beer in the U.S. This was a huge hit for Budweiser, a brand that up to date has always #1. One main reason that Budweiser has slowly declined is change in consumer taste, but the biggest reason being they are slacking on their marketing side. Budweiser has tried to be everything from fratty to refined to sporty to hipster. Budweiser hit its prime in the 1950s when Anheuser-Busch had big names on their side such as Frank Sinatra, as well as sponsoring...
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...“Life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement.” (Adams 214) The Modern Day American Dream- Has it Changed? The American Dream has long been the ideal that every American has an equal opportunity to achieve success and fortune through hard work, regardless of origin or ethnicity. In The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, Gatsby story of success, primarily represented through his possessions such as his mansion, demonstrates how the American Dream during the 1920’s is similar to the American Dream of today because origin remains irrelevant and possessions represent success. The key component of the American Dream is that it is achievable regardless of origin, motives,...
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