...Aeronautical Science Perspective Paper Marcel Melo ASCI 202 Embry Riddle Aeronautical University Rotary-wing aircraft are designed and built to fulfill a multitude of purposes and missions. Cargo, attack, transport, observation, etc. and with these different mission types come a plethora of design features. Such features include, but are certainly not limited to fully-articulated or semi-rigid rotor systems; two, three, four, or even five main rotor blades; skids, wheels; one or two engines. Yet, despite all the differences to the structure and therefore the aerodynamic properties of the helicopter, the one thing that remains constant in every aircraft are the flight controls and how they control pitch, roll, and yaw. All helicopters have three basic sets of controls. The cyclic controls the pitch of the rotor system as a whole, and therefore affects the pitch and roll of the fuselage. The collective changes the pitch of the blades, which changes the angle of attack and therefore lifts to change, which in turn causes the aircraft to pitch up or down. Additionally, adjusting the collective also has causes a change in torque of the main rotor and so the fuselage yaws left or right. And finally, to offset the torque of the main rotor the pedals change the pitch angle of the tail rotor which provides control in the yaw axis. The cyclic can affect changes in the roll and yaw of the fuselage by changing the lift vector of the rotor system. Aviator inputs to collective...
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...ABSTRACT This paper will attempt to discuss the basic aerodynamic principles of flight. It will be based on Module 3, Learning Objective 1: ‘For a typical aircraft, describe the functions of the structure and the flight controls. Apply aerodynamic principles to explain how flight controls control pitch, roll, and yaw’. It will also outline the basic control surfaces of an aircraft and the primary and secondary effects of each of them. In addition, it will also explore Bernoulli’s Principle and the forces acting on an aircraft in flight. Table of Contents Introduction5 Main Components of An Airplane 6 * Fuselage * Wings * Empennage The Wing and the Aerofoil7 Aerodynamics of Flight (Bernoulli’s Principle) 8 The Forces in Flight 9 * Lift * Thrust * Drag * Weight The 3 Axes of Rotations 10 * Longitudinal Axis * Lateral Axis * Vertical Axis Main Control Surfaces11 * Ailerons * Elevators * Rudders Secondary Effects of Control Surfaces12 Conclusion14 List of Figures Figure 1: The Magic of Flight 3 Figure 2: Main Components of an Airplane 4 Figure 3: The Wing And Aerofoil 5 Figure 4: Aerofoil Nomenclature 6 Figure 5: Bernoulli’s Principle 7 Figure 6: Forces on An Airplane in Flight 8 Figure 7: The 3 Axes of Rotation 9 Figure 8: 6 Degrees of Freedom 10 Figure 9: Control Surface: Ailerons 11 Figure 10: Control Surface: Elevators 11 Figure 11: Control Surface: Rudders 11 Introduction Figure...
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...been becoming more efficient and reliable with more policies put in place. Aircraft maintainers are highly skilled technicians that are required to go through specific training, which is required by the Federal Aviation Administration. For most commercial aircraft maintenance jobs it is required for each person to hold a mechanic’s certificate, also know as an airframe and power plant license. To obtain one of the licenses you must have at least eighteen months of either power plant or airframe practical experience, or at least thirty months working on each at the same time. Another acceptable requirement to work in the maintenance field is you could graduate from one of many approved maintenance technician schools such as Embry Riddle Aeronautical University. Whether the technician goes to college to get their training, or received hands on experienced and passes a number of tests we can be confident in their knowledge. Maintenance departments are a huge part of any flying organization. They are responsible for scheduled and unscheduled inspections as well as the maintenance performed on all of the aircraft in their possession. The amount of stress placed on aircraft during each flight is great and with that come discrepancies that need to be repaired. During takeoffs and landings is usually when the most stress is placed on the airframe, because this stress is so high there are many scheduled inspections that need to...
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...Aerodynamics and Aircraft Performance Characteristics of High-speed Flight Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University From the beginning of the age of manned flight, aviators and engineers have continuously sought to increase the performance envelope. Many parameters for defining aircraft performance exist, but here I’d like to focus on going fast. Since I was a child I’ve been fascinated with military aircraft and the pursuit of speed. From the Bell X-1 to the famed SR-71 Blackbird and beyond, high-speed flight has been a chase toward an ever increasing limit. Several factors contribute to the aerodynamics of supersonic flight and many limitations apply as the envelope is pushed. I will focus the perspective of this paper on design characteristics, engine technology, and atmospheric considerations and take a peek into the future of hypersonic flight. In order to discuss the design characteristics of high-speed aircraft, a definition for the speed regimes must be given. Supersonic flight is typically defined as greater than Mach 1 but less than Mach 3. “High” Supersonic flight is a narrow band of operation from Mach 3 to 5 and hypersonic flight is in excess of Mach 5 (Benson, 2013). Shape technology and wing design are the primary areas of concern in setting out to build an aircraft capable of supersonic speeds. If airflow velocities reach sonic speeds at some location on an aircraft further acceleration results in the onset of...
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...Aviation Maintenance from A Manger’s Perspective Lisa A. Williams Embry Riddle Aeronautical University Management 203 Christopher Urdzik April 26, 2015 Abstract This paper explores aviation maintenance from a Manager’s perspective. There are various governing bodies that control or oversee how maintenance is performed on a routine basis for commercial aircraft. The main governing body that is discussed here is the FAA. Also discussed is the required training of the Airframe and Powerplant mechanic and how management can be assured that mechanics are qualified to release aircraft after performing maintenance certifying these aircraft are safe to fly. Also, in this paper, the attempt is made to show where mechanics need ongoing training to assure management that the mechanic is trained on new technologies that are developed and used in commercial and corporate aviation. The answers are not mapped out by the FAA or training programs so it is up to the company to be sure that the mechanic is made aware of these new technologies through FAA study groups that managers can attend and brief technicians on new developments. Human error cannot be eradicated it is indispensable fact of the human behavior (Maddox, 1998). Although, aviation maintenance managers have acquired high levels of technological skills training related to their profession, the above statement from Dr. Michael Maddox is true in regards to human error. Research in the industrial...
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...MITIGATION OF ERROR by Michael Raynard Mayberry A Paper Submitted to the Worldwide Campus In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree of Master of Aeronautical Science Corporate Aviation Operations ASCI 622 Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Worldwide Campus November 2011 Abstract Crew Resource Management (CRM) has been a great asset to flight safety by properly using resources for pilots and aircrew. The use of CRM have been effective with other training tools to help encourage better communication and to improve decision making skills. CRM is a valuable asset to companies training program if the technical skills are utilizes in the proper manner. CRM errors will never be eliminated, but the use of effective CRM skill can prevent a substantial amount of errors from ever occurring. Keywords: aviation, CRM, error, human error, decision making, safety Mitigation of Error Crew Resource Management (CRM) has been a great asset to flight safety by properly using resources for pilots and aircrew. Not all researchers accept the concept of CRM to manage error because of its import from other airlines and other training organizational. Other culture and situations could have been worse and not justified use in the United States due to its culture and environment. The researcher will discuss the ability of CRM to eliminate some error; although error can never be completely eliminated, the skills of CRM are an exceptional source that was originally...
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...Name: Pinto, Rafael A. Date: 07/25/12 Activity 9.9 - Aeronautical Science Perspective Paper Aviation Safety and Quality Assurance Despite having an enviable safety record, the aviation industry is under constant pressure to drive down accident rates. Air accidents damage consumer confidence and inhibit the growth of the industry. When it comes to flying, the word safety is mentioned constantly. Shortage of qualified professionals, aging of aircraft’s fleet and environmental concerns are some of the challenges faced by today’s aviation. The primary goal of the aviation industry is to maintain airplane and helicopter safety standards and protect the interests of the mechanics, flight crew, and passengers. It is important the use of different techniques for increase of safety practices in a industry that is increasingly diverse, complex, and under very significant pressure. John O'Brian, from ALPA's Engineering and Air Safety Department, once mentioned “No matter how interested individual employees might be, or what assistance a manufacturer offers, or how insistent a certificating authority might be—none of these factors will have a significant effect on safety without support from top management”, so it is imperative that managers and supervisors are well aware of the impact of their roles during the daily operations. As aviation evolves, a lot of programs and procedures were created in order to...
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...Magical Realism Granville Scott Nelson Embry Riddle Aeronautical University Abstract Magical realism is a Latin American genre in which the author takes an ordinary storyline and inserts an unnatural character or sense of being. This paper will show the difference between magical realism and fantasy or science fiction. Magical Realism From my reading I now understand that magical realism is adding an unrealistic feature or character to an otherwise ordinary story. Magic realism is a term used to describe a mingling of the mundane with the fantastic. “Magical realism is not speculative and does not conduct thought experiments. Instead, it tells its stories from the perspective of people who live in our world and experience a different reality from the one we call objective.” (Rogers, 2002) If an author is telling a familiar story and he adds a twist such as a winged horse or an individual who has been alive for two hundred years, that is an example of magical realism. The difference in magical realism and fantasy is that the story is very natural and true with a surreal object and fantasy is just that, fantasy. The term is best described by Baker in her 1997 writing: While realism itself is a chronically unstable term, realist writing is usually understood to be that which draws on a set of narrative conventions designed to create the illusion that the story on the page is real or true and corresponds in some direct way to the ordinary world of day-to-day life...
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...If you are considering a professional aviation career, think seriously about the adjective that modifies aviation. "Professional," as defined by the dictionary, means "of, engaged in, or worthy of the high standards of, a profession; designating or of a school, especially a graduate school, offering instruction in a profession." Further consider "professional" as a noun — "a person practicing a profession; a person who engages in some art, sport, etc. for money, especially for his livelihood, rather than as a hobby; a person who does something with great skill." These definitions could have been written with aviation in mind because it definitely has high standards, and the people who meet these standards certainly must exhibit great skill. Aviation professionals are not born, they are educated. With professional aviation's increasingly complex and high-technology environment, being an aviation professional, today and in the future, requires more than just knowing how to fly. Few of the major airlines require a college degree for employment, but in the past several years, more than 95 percent of the pilots hired have at least a four-year college degree. If you want an airline job, you stand a better chance if you are among the 95 percent with a degree than the 5 percent without one. Aviation is an exciting career field, and because you can earn an above-average income, competition for jobs is keen. Traditionally, military pilots often place first in the employment contest...
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...service organizations Viviana A. Martin Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Abstract The trend of selecting or promoting managers that do not have direct experience in the areas they manage in technical positions appears to be taking place in many companies today including airline MRO services organizations. In order to be successful in a competitive marketplace, management must make effective decisions to maximize the output of their organization, minimize waste and mistakes, and keep morale up. As such, it is imperative to understand which ‘type’ of manager should be placed in each management role; an effective leader that may not have intimate knowledge of the area they manage, or a manager that fully understands the inner workings of the organization that may not be as effective of a leader. This paper seeks to examine management qualifications and their effect in the decision making process and how that impacts organizations. This paper also reviews both decision making in airline services organizations and management types to provide an understanding of the decision making process and factors that can affect that process in airline MRO services organizations. Keywords: organizational behavior, decision making, technical management, general management. Managers without enough qualifications and their effect on decision making process in airline MRO services organizations Introduction Nooraie (2012) in his paper states that the decision making process is one of...
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...Culturing the Culture: Gate Safe Inc. Renato K. Santos Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Abstract Cultural differences were examined within Gate Safe Inc, elaborating the effects it has on the culture of the organization. The performances of the employees due to these differences were analyzed and solutions were made available to solve some of these issues. The theories of leadership and how managers are able to impact the culture in a successful way avoiding these cultural clashes were also analyzed. Employees from collectivist cultures were evaluated to solve these issues. In contrast, employees raised in an individualist culture were also evaluated. In conclusion, it was determined that in the environment of Gate Safe Inc, the collectivist culture has been shown more effective. Introduction Gate Safe Incorporated is an airline security services company, which provides catering inspections, access control, baggage handling, aircraft monitoring, and cargo screening for major domestic and international carriers around the United States (Gate Safe, n.d.). Gate Safe prides itself in complying with all TSA regulations to provide a safe environment for the flying public. Gate Safe was established after the horrific attacks on 9/11 in a measure to safeguard the flying public and avoid another terrorist attack through the sky. The organization believes that all people shall be treated equally and under its corporate values, it states “Respect – which celebrates the diversity...
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...International Conference on Management and Education Innovation IPEDR vol.37 (2012) © (2012) IACSIT Press, Singapore The Roles of Graduate Quantity Surveyors in the Malaysian Construction Industry B. L. Chong+, W. P. Lee and C. C. Lim Department of Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Abstract: The profession of quantity surveying has evolved as a result of clients’ additional needs and market requirements. Clients not only request for traditional services but also asking for the contemporary services such as project management, risk management, feasibility study, construction financial practice, arbitration and productivity improvement in today’s innovative and changing construction industry. The scope of works for graduate quantity surveyors is no longer limited to the regular practices of measurement, tendering or estimating but something further beyond than this boundary. Hence, the objective of this paper is to present a critical review on the traditional and contemporary roles of graduate quantity surveyors, the threats to graduate quantity surveyors and also the methods to improve graduate quantity surveyors’ practice. Overall, this paper would provide insight knowledge to construction industry players for better understanding of graduate quantity surveyors’ roles. Keywords: Graduate Quantity Surveyors; Malaysian Contemporary Roles; Threats; Methods to Improve. Construction Industry; Traditional and 1. Introduction ...
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...for non-profit or non-commercial purpose is granted providing that copies bear this notice and a full citation on the first page. Any other reproduction or transmission requires prior written permission. Artificial Intelligence in Cyber Defense Enn Tyugu R&D Branch Cooperative Cyber Defense Center of Excellence (CCD COE) and Estonian Academy of Sciences Tallinn, Estonia tyugu@ieee.org Abstract- The speed of processes and the amount of data to be used in defending the cyber space cannot be handled by humans without considerable automation. However, it is difficult to develop software with conventional fixed algorithms (hard-wired logic on decision making level) for effectively defending against the dynamically evolving attacks in networks. This situation can be handled by applying methods of artificial intelligence that provide flexibility and learning capability to software. This paper presents a brief survey of artificial intelligence applications in cyber defense (CD), and analyzes the prospects of enhancing the cyber defense capabilities by means of increasing the intelligence of the defense systems. After surveying the papers available about artificial intelligence applications in CD, we can conclude that useful applications already exist. They belong, first of all, to applications of artificial neural nets in perimeter defense and some other CD areas. From the other side – it has become obvious that many CD problems can be solved successfully only when methods of artificial...
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...Vol. 2, No. 2 International Business Research Total Quality Management in Supply Chain Guangshu Chang Zhengzhou Institute of Aeronautical Industry Management Zhengzhou 450015, China E-mail: cgs30@163.com This work is sponsored by Aerospace Science Foundation of China (2008ZG55019), Important Science and Technology Project of Henan Province (072102240037), Foundation for University Key Teacher by Henan Province (2008-708-94), and Education Foundation of Henan Province (2008B630009). Abstract Since 1980’s, the competition between enterprises has become the one between supply chains. Therefore, the implementation of total quality management (TQM) in supply chain system but not only in enterprise has become an exquisite premise for the survival of enterprise. This paper discussed the application of the eight modern TQM principles of ISO9000 in supply chain quality management, namely customer focus, leadership, involvement of people, process management, system management, continual improvement, factual approach to decision-making, and mutually beneficial supplier relationships. Keywords: Supply Chain, Total Quality Management, ISO9000 1. Introduction In nowadays, the core ideas of TQM set forth by W. Edwards Deming, Joseph Juran, and Kaoru Ishikawa gained significant acceptance and has become something of a social movement. The series standards of ISO9000 are implementing in many industries, such as manufacturing, service, health care, nonprofit organizations, educational institutions...
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...CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research Background The competition between Low Cost Carriers (LCCs) and Full Service Carrier is getting intense caused by the process of liberalization in aviation field. In the case of Malaysia, the entries of LCCs, Air Asia, Firefly and Malindo have raised the number of passengers travelling inbound or outboard of the destination. According to Malaysia Airports Holding Berhad (MAHB) Annual Report 2009, the passenger movement of AirAsia for domestic traffic at KLIA increases to 5,588,493 passengers which is an increment of 10.6 percent compare to 2008. For the aviation sector, there is a significant growth of 16.6 percent, from 24.2 million passengers in 2009 to 28.2 million passengers in 2010. No doubts, airlines and airport are tightly related. This can be shown from the statement of Neufville & Odoni (2003), airport systems exist and must be designed in the context of their major clients, the airlines. To build airport facilities that will perform effectively, it is necessary both to appreciate the historical context and to understand the current and prospective needs of the users. Airports and air transport at the start of the twenty-first century constitute an exciting long-term growth industry. The industry is large, innovative, and has excellent prospects. The growth in air transport translates into major airport projects. And about a dozen major programs for airport development, costing over a billion dollars each, have...
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