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QUANTITATIVE MODULE

WAITING LINE MODELS

Discussion Questions
1. Three parts of a queuing system: arrivals or inputs to the system; the queue discipline, or the waiting line itself; and the service facility.
2. Qualitative concerns include fairness and the aesthetics of the area in which waiting takes place.
3. Arrivals are governed by: the size of the source population (finite or infinite); the pattern of arrivals at the system (on a schedule or randomly); and the behavior of the arrivals (joining the queue, balking, or reneging).
4. Measures of system performance: ■ the average time each customer or object spends in the queue; ■ the average queue length; ■ the average time each customer or object spends in the system; ■ the average number of customers in the system; ■ the probability that the service facility is idle; ■ the utilization factor for the system; ■ and the probability of a specific number of customers or objects in the system.
5. Assumptions of the “basic” single channel model:

1. Arrivals are served on a first-come, first-served (FIFO) basis, and every arrival waits to be served, regardless of the length of the line or queue. 2. Arrivals are independent of preceding arrivals, but the arrival rate does not change over time. 3. Arrivals are described by a Poisson probability distribution and come from an infinite population. 4. Service times vary from one customer to the next and are independent of one another, but their average rate is known. 5. Service times occur according to the negative exponential distribution. 6. The service rate is faster than the arrival rate.

6. This is, of course, how most supermarket bakeries operate—FCFS by the use of numbers. This is good, because at the bakery we cannot distinguish long jobs from short ones. (This can be compared with the

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