1.Discuss the structure of the plasma membrane and explain the process of active and passive transport through the membrane. 2. Explain your observations in detail in terms of concentration gradient, diffusion, osmosis, osmotic pressure, passive transport, and active transport. Explain what happened to the blood cells at the various levels of concentration. Be sure to refer to the solutions as being hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic.

The plasma membranes are made up of proteins that form pores and channels, cholesterol to provide membrane stability and carbohydrate molecules for cell recognition. The most abundant component found in the plasma membrane is the phospholipid, which is bilayer. The plasma membrane is amphipathic that include both hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails. The head is polar and the tail is non-polar. The plasma membrane is what they call a mosaic of lipids, proteins and carbohydrates. Active transport is within the cell membrane which requires the use of energy and moves molecules from low to high concentrations using protein carriers. The transport are made up of pinocytosis, phagocytes, receptor mediated endocytosis, exocytosis and transcytosis. Pinocytosis is when cells take in tiny droplets of liquid from their surroundings. Phagocytes are white blood cells that take in solid particles such as bacteria and cellular debris, this helps fight off injections or diseases causing microorganisms. The receptor-mediated endocytosis will only let certain particles into the cell, only allowing cells with the appropriate receptors to remove and process its surrounding even in very low concentrations. Exocytosis is a substance that’s placed into a vesicle and comes together with the cell membrane which releases the contents outside of the cell. The cells secrete proteins this way. Last is the transcytosis which combines both the endocytosis and