...For centuries, the impact of social inequality on African Americans has been a hot political topic in the United States of America and abroad. Politically, African Americans have struggled to attain the right to vote. African Americans have encountered noticeable difficulties not only in exercising their right to vote, but to register to vote to begin with. Ultimately, African Americans are less present in political positions, whether appointed or elected. Subsequently, they peacefully battled to decimate the segregation policies that were inhumane, shameful, and degrading to the human race. Employment wise, professional African Americans encounter tremendous hardships when applying for well-paying jobs. To emphasize, in certain sectors, some applicants do not even receive a phone call from a prospective employer because their first or last name sounds “Black.” Obtaining a mortgage to buy their first home is often times more difficult, and it is also more expensive. Consequently, African American’s ability to utilize their home as the only vehicle for wealth accumulation is severely...
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...colonies; Indio, a person who is descendent of the Native Americas and Negro, a person of African descent, usually a slave. Variations and combinations of these four categories had specific rank attached to them with the highest being a Spaniard born in Spain and the lowest being those of African descent that were brought to the colonies as slaves. Each socio-racial “rank” came with their own set of privileges and restrictions, both legal and customary. During Spanish colonialism, a long list of different terms were used to identify types of people with specific racial or ethnic heritages. By the end, over a hundred possible variations of intermixed race...
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...deep-rooted stereotypes that have fueled the anti-black agenda and cultural prejudice throughout American history. These images aid the viewer in beginning to conceptualize the evolution of racial consciousness in the United States. The stereotypes of The Tom, The Sambo, The Mammy, The Coon, The Brute, The Pickaninnies, etc. appear on screen, one after the other in various forms: cartoons, minstrel shows, popular songs, advertisements, and even children’s rhymes. This documentary does well in their explanation and describing, or rather,...
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...Shonda Gadberry October 9, 2011 American Art History Dr. Joshua Fisher Political Popularity In 1829, Andrew Jackson took office as the President of the United States of America. During his term as president, Andrew Jackson introduced the spoils system. The spoils system is where the victorious party would replace most of the upper class with people that were loyal to it. This was a way of rewarding political supporters with patronage. Although Jackson had never liked holding public office, he had served in several different positions during his career. He served in the House of Representatives and in the Senate, he was the governor of Florida for a short time and then in the Senate later. He left each position shortly after he took office. Even before he was elected president, he showed signs of being a ‘people person.’ He possessed qualities of firmness, passion, and shrewdness. These were all qualities that the people wanted in the leader of their country. The painting by Francis William Edmunds, The City and the Country Beaux, is an exaggerated genre scene. In the painting, we can see the woman that is being courted by two very different men. The man on the left is from the country, while the man on the right is from the city. In this painting, the country man is shown to be seated in a vulgar manner with his legs spread open wide. His clothes look like they are made by hand and he seems to be quite relaxed without a care in the world. The man from...
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...the period of time where Nathan Price settled in Africa with his family, there was a lot of conflict between the African natives and the white settlers. As more and more European countries began to take over the regions of Africa and splitting the land among themselves, wars began to wage and problems began to erupt. From all over the lands, African natives and Europeans began to fight. This can be seen playing a big part in The Poisonwood Bible. The natives can be seen to not trust Nathan Price and Christianity. They did not believe in Jesus Christ and that they had a savior above them. Many famous authors like Barbara Kingsolver, author of The Poisonwood Bible, went against people’s wishes and wrote about the cruel treatment of African Americans in these regions, especially the disabled. Nathan Price discriminates against the disabled community during his stay in the African village. “While disability continues to serve a metaphorical function in each case, identity relies on a complex of factors, of which disability is but one, and only in the case of Nathan does it serve entirely as representative trope for his own spiritual and psychological damage and the larger colonialist oppression of Africa by white men who could not see past their own self interest; Nathan's metaphorical blindness extends to all white men in Africa”(Katongole). Like many of the white men in Africa, Nathan Price sees himself as more superior than those who are different them him. Even to his own children...
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...However, most people believe that slavery was the main and primary concern the deep South cited for seceding from the Union to form their own separate country focused on individual liberty and the progression of slavery in those states. Dew makes the point that searching for the cause for the Civil War is a search that continues to be debated today among historical scholars. Therefore, Apostles of Disunion and Charles Dew ask the reader to ponder and answer the question: “What was the cause of the Civil War?” Dew focuses his primary support for answering this question by looking at speeches and letters from men termed Commissioners. Commissioners were men appointed from each state to go to each of the slave-holding states in the South and present the state Congress with their home states thoughts on secession and slavery and the new Republican national government. These men were charged with the task of convincing the other states' governments to side with the soon-to-be unified South in her desire to ward of Northern aggression and plans to eradicate slavery in the Union. The best and brightest orators and politicians from each state were chosen for this daunting task which required much travel and much persuasion in certain states, ex. Virginia. By looking at and studying these speeches and letters, the reader can get a glimpse into the view points Southerners were feeling and thinking during the time period leading to Southern Secession. The reader gets a...
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...There are many different cultures in Southwest Florida that one becomes immediately aware of as they enter the area. They include Native-American, African-American, Protestant, European, "Cracker", Hispanic-Latino, and Cuban. Because there are so many variations of these cultures choosing just three was difficult, but for my project I will be focusing on our African-American, Hispanic-Latino, and "Cracker" populations. During this project I will address the many and varied differences between these cultures on many different levels including personal or family differences, social differences and educational differences. I expect to gain a greater understanding about these cultures during this process and by gaining this understanding I will be better equipped to combine students from these cultures into a classroom of learners that are able to succeed on all levels of History education. Because I do teach World History having a classroom full of diverse cultures lends itself to a variety of teaching activities and extra curricular learning. Miami-Dade Community College President Eduardo J. Padron. Said it best when he said "Our classrooms are laboratories for cultural diversity and the disciplines are enriched when students contribute various cultural perspectives," It has become increasingly clear that we must get creative in culturally diverse ways in order to pull all of our students into the learning culture in equal ways. I spent several days researching the material that...
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...The Miscegenation Hoax Though the Civil War was ravaging the countryside, and union soldiers were fighting and falling in what would become the bloodiest of all American wars, the political rivalry between democrats and republicans was not curtailed. In fact, the impending election in 1864 would heighten tensions, and the methods that would be utilize to besmirch and defame the opposing party, in some respects, were unorthodox. President Lincoln was campaigning for his second term and his democratic opposition were seeking to discredit him by any means possible. One of the primary methods utilized was to attack his supposed love for the recently freed African-Americans. The “great emancipator” was condemned and criticized by many for emancipating the slaves, and not supporting a regime that promoted a racial hierarchy and white supremacy. The war that had begun in order to save the Union had been transformed into a war for African American liberty, and to many, that was unacceptable. The democratic opposition worried that this new caste of Freedmen would become a powerful force, one that could potentially alter the entire social structure of American society. Moreover, the opponents to emancipation and black equality were also concerned with the sanctity and purity of white blood and many feared that another term under Lincoln would mean that “compulsory marriage of white and black had finally become the main plan in the republican platform.” To that end, two New York...
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...Bloodlines of Illuminati by: Fritz Springmeier, 1995 Introduction: I am pleased & honored to present this book to those in the world who love the truth. This is a book for lovers of the Truth. This is a book for those who are already familiar with my past writings. An Illuminati Grand Master once said that the world is a stage and we are all actors. Of course this was not an original thought, but it certainly is a way of describing the Illuminati view of how the world works. The people of the world are an audience to which the Illuminati entertain with propaganda. Just one of the thousands of recent examples of this type of acting done for the public was President Bill Clinton’s 1995 State of the Union address. The speech was designed to push all of the warm fuzzy buttons of his listening audience that he could. All the green lights for acceptance were systematically pushed by the President’s speech with the help of a controlled congressional audience. The truth on the other hand doesn’t always tickle the ear and warm the ego of its listeners. The light of truth in this book will be too bright for some people who will want to return to the safe comfort of their darkness. I am not a conspiracy theorist. I deal with real facts, not theory. Some of the people I write about, I have met. Some of the people I expose are alive and very dangerous. The darkness has never liked the light. Yet, many of the secrets of the Illuminati are locked up tightly simply because secrecy is a way...
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...higher false-positive rate; with higher rates of chromosomal defects. There were a number of casualties among the fetuses due to various deteriorations of maternal wellbeing. These included pre-eclampsia, abrupito placentae, and over-warfarinisation3. The health issue addressed in this research is chromosomal abnormalities. These are conditions in which DNA arrangements are incorrect; or have formed during cell division in such a way they would cause an abnormality or malfunction of the task that they are to encode for. This is important not only from a medical prospective, but also significant socially. For example, a study, published on the same year as the nuchal translucency paper, showed that men and women with sex chromosomal disorders have had difficulty integrating with other men and women respectively during social encounters1. More importantly, they showed a greater sign of distress1. On the other hand, ethically speaking, chromosomal abnormalities may cause those who have them to be living with a lower quality of life2. For example, in Klinfelter syndrome a study showed an increased risk in issues such social anxiety, shyness, and inappropriate social behaviour1. Hence these reasons give rise to how crucial this research and how social and ethical aspects are linked. The question that the research is trying to answer is to attempt to provide a pathway in which it is possible and assured to know both the wellbeing and the existence of any chromosomal defects in the fetus...
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...Mixed Marriages: Proposing team: 1st Proposition Motion: Hello, Good Morning and welcome everyone to this very interesting debate, I’d like to thank you for coming today, as much as I thank the opposition for this interesting information, I’m here today to defend people from different backgrounds and ethnic groups to marry whomever they desire from different backgrounds and ethnic groups. And here are some of Islamic proofs that state so: 1) Allah clearly encourages us to as stated in the verse. One of the ways of knowing other people and races is marriage. In Quran, Allah said: O mankind, indeed we have created you from male and female and made you peoples and tribes that you may know one another. Indeed, the most noble of you in the sight of Allah is the most righteous of you. Indeed, Allah is Knowing and Acquainted. [Quran 49:13] َّ َ ِ ْ ُ َ َ ْ َّ ُ ْ ُ َ َ َ ٰ َ ٍ َ َ ِّ ُ ْ َ َ َ َ ِيَا أَيُّهَا الىَّاسُ إِوَّا خَ لَقىَاكم مه ذكر وأُوثًَ وجع ْلىَاكم شعُىبًا وقَبَائِل لِتَعارفُىا ۚ إِن أَكرمكم عىد َّللا أَتقَاكم ۚ إِن َّللاَ علِيم خبِير ٌ َ ٌ َ َّ َّ ْ ُ ْ 2) Also, Prophet Mohammed (PBUH) married to different women from different races and tribes and religions. Maria (RA) was and she was Christian (Converted to Islam later); Safia (RA) was Jewish from (Also converted to Islam).Coptic (Native Egyptian) Israelites As long as Allah encourages knowing other races and Mohammed (PBUH) married to another races, then it is something actually not only...
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...It Takes A Nation Of Millions To Hold Us Back: The War on Drugs, Mass Incarceration, and a Call to Action for America's Black Youth By Carl L. Young An Alternative Plan Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science In Sociology: Corrections Minnesota State University, Mankato Mankato, Minnesota Spring 2013 Final Draft 4/20/2013 1 This Alternative Plan Paper has been examined and approved by the following members of the Examining Committee. _____________________ Dr. Leah Rogne, Advisor _____________________ Dr. William Wagner _____________________ Dr. Penny Jo Rosenthal _____________________ Dr. Nadarajan Sethuraju ________________ Date 2 A bstract This alternative plan paper examines the circumstances that have evolved as a incarceration of the Black community. In the last thirty years, the federal government of the United States of America has engaged in camp which has involved a variety of policies to stop the production, distribution and sale of illegal narcotics. Hundreds of billions of dollars have been spent in a war that has targeted the most vulnerable in our society, impacting its youth for generations to come. This alternative plan paper addresses...
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...It Takes A Nation Of Millions To Hold Us Back: The War on Drugs, Mass Incarceration, and a Call to Action for America's Black Youth By Carl L. Young An Alternative Plan Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science In Sociology: Corrections Minnesota State University, Mankato Mankato, Minnesota Spring 2013 Final Draft 4/20/2013 1 This Alternative Plan Paper has been examined and approved by the following members of the Examining Committee. _____________________ Dr. Leah Rogne, Advisor _____________________ Dr. William Wagner _____________________ Dr. Penny Jo Rosenthal _____________________ Dr. Nadarajan Sethuraju ________________ Date 2 Abstract This alternative plan paper examines the circumstances that have evolved as a result of the Reagan Administration’s War on Drugs and the increase of mass incarceration of the Black community. In the last thirty years, the federal government of the United States of America has engaged in campaign known as the “War on Drugs,” which has involved a variety of policies to stop the production, distribution and sale of illegal narcotics. Hundreds of billions of dollars have been spent in a war that has targeted the most vulnerable in our society, impacting its youth for generations to come. This alternative plan paper addresses the impact of the War on Drugs and the criminal justice policies that have impacted the life chances of Black youth nationwide and calls for a new social movement...
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...Rastafari This page intentionally left blank Rastafari From Outcasts to Culture Bearers Ennis Barrington Edmonds 2003 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Bangkok Buenos Aires Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi São Paulo Shanghai Taipei Tokyo Toronto Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Copyright © 2003 by Ennis Barrington Edmonds The moral rights of the authors have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Edmonds...
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...critical theory today critical theory today A Us e r - F r i e n d l y G u i d e S E C O N D E D I T I O N L O I S T Y S O N New York London Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Routledge Taylor & Francis Group 270 Madison Avenue New York, NY 10016 Routledge Taylor & Francis Group 2 Park Square Milton Park, Abingdon Oxon OX14 4RN © 2006 by Lois Tyson Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business Printed in the United States of America on acid‑free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 International Standard Book Number‑10: 0‑415‑97410‑0 (Softcover) 0‑415‑97409‑7 (Hardcover) International Standard Book Number‑13: 978‑0‑415‑97410‑3 (Softcover) 978‑0‑415‑97409‑7 (Hardcover) No part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data Tyson, Lois, 1950‑ Critical theory today : a user‑friendly guide / Lois Tyson.‑‑ 2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0‑415‑97409‑7 (hb) ‑‑ ISBN 0‑415‑97410‑0 (pb) 1. Criticism...
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