...Running Head: WORLD WAR II EMPLOYMENT 1 World War II Employment Opportunities Rachael J. Broddy ENG 122: English Composition II Prof. John Thorburn February 15, 2016 WORLD WAR II EMPLOYMENT 2 World War II Employment Opportunities While women and individuals of different ethnic backgrounds had no place in the job market before the war, World War II became a stepping stone for employment prospects; women were not seen as just childbearing homemakers anymore, many doors opened, and minorities were allowed to enlist in the United States Armed Forces. World War II facilitated to create new employment ventures for the future and also to promulgate what we now know is the civil rights movement. Before World War II, women were just the supporters of their men who were serving our country overseas or often homemakers that did not work outside of the home they lived in. Men went to work outside of the home, on occasion a women did, but it was not very frequent. African Americans and Hispanics typically were housemaids. They were expected to stay home and take care of the household. White women did have better jobs, but not many options were out there that they were allowed to perform. Typically they had worked in a clerical, retail or nursing job. It became apparent when the war began that utilizing women were essential due to many men leaving to fight for our country. The job market opened, and women found employment as electricians, welders, and riveters in defense plants. The...
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...How far do you agree the impact of the Second World War was the main reason why the position of African Americans improved in the years to 1945-55? I agree thoroughly that the impact of the Second World War was the main reason behind the improvement in the loves of African Americans. There are two other factors which help elevate the position of African Americans after the war these were the Federal Government and the NAACP. The Federal Government can be split into two parts the President and the Supreme Court. Before the Second World War most of the African Americans were working in the south of the country in agriculture. For many they had been born into that life and their parents and grandparents had been slaves. World War two had large impact on the lives of African Americans because it gave a chance for people to start anew. Many people had become tiered of doing hard manual labour every day in the farms. The 1920 and 30s had already seen an increase in the number of black people coming down from the south to the northern and western areas. These areas were considered to be industrial areas. After the war started new jobs were created this meant the demand for workers increased. More black people stated to migrate to the north and west for a job. For many of the black people this could have been a raise in there level of confidence. A crucial part of the employment was in the army, many men had signed up to protect their county. Figures show the migration of black people...
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...African Americans time and time again have been the target of oppression and racial injustice. Even so, during time of need, they were there to protect and serve their nation. In World War II over 2.5 million Black men registered for the draft, and one million served throughout all branches of the Armed Forces during the conflict. Within that one million, over 12,000 black men were forced to stay in segregated combat support groups. By the 1940s there was 145,000 black men serving in the US Army Air Force. This included the 99th Fighter Squadron, also known as the Tuskegee Airmen. The Tuskegee Airmen were African American bomber and fighter pilots who were awarded for their heroic service during World War II. The Navy put up a lot of resistance when it came to letting blacks serve and only allowed them to serve as mess attendants. But, with pressure from President Franklin D. Roosevelt and civil...
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...Nikki Perry Period 3 3/20/13 Effects of WW2 on minorities World War II brought about many socio-economic changes into the United States as it opened up new ways for the minorities as well as women to formally become part of the majority American society. For a long time African Americans, Native Americans (Indians), Mexican Americans, and women were treated differently compared to everyone else (white men) and not in a good way. World War II brought about a lot of changes including, more working opportunities and military opportunities for minorities. African Americans, Native Americans, Mexican Americans, and women were allowed to join the military although there were still some segregation and discrimination. African-Americans gained economic independence during WWII because of the job openings throughout the industry. African-American soldiers were welcomed into certain branches of the armed forces in this war, but, like other wars, there was discrimination and segregation. Soldiers still fought in segregated units throughout the war, but there were advances in the number of commissioned officers. Other forms of racism included barring African-Americans from the Marine Corps, Coast Guard, and Army Air Corps, and the Navy only allowed African-Americans as mess men. These conditions were not promising, and these policies have been called “Jim Crow military”. Some changes were made with the 1940 Selective Service Training Act which stated that all men between 18...
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...The Tuskegee Airmen were essential to the complete integration of the United States armed forces. Although the Tuskegee Airmen were not the first black service members to distinguishably serve their country, they were able to do so during a time of progression in the black community and turmoil in the world. The Tuskegee Airmen represented the diverse and deeply patriotic African American population on an international front. After World War I, several studies were conducted, in reference to the role that African Americans played in the military. The results were biases and based in prejudice and stereotypes of the past. “The study concluded that black men were cowards, poor technicians and fighters, lacking initiative and resourcefulness. The study also stated that the Negro was a subspecies of the human population.” The study also reported that the average brain of a black man only weighed thirty-five ounces compared to the forty-five ounces of an average white man. These test results provided more than enough evidence for military leaders that the military need to continue its practice of segregation. With World War II quickly advancing on the heels of America, the War College was commissioned to do another study into the role of blacks in the military. This study did not differ very much from the previous report, but it did suggest that more blacks be allowed to join the Army. Despite the need for more soldiers, this did not change the positions that blacks were given...
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...Running head: AFRICAN AMERICANS African Americans Past to Present HIS204 Tyrone Johnson Professor Kimberly Hornback June 18, 2012 Before the American Civil War, medical observers deemed psychosis to be rare in slaves, but common in free blacks of the North and of Caribbean descent. After 1865, the prevailing psychiatric perception of African Americans was that psychosis was increasing at an alarming rate. Basically observers that many African Americans had some sort of mental illness, which lead to them being over diagnosis, which created very much false impressions of who they were. Jarvis (2008), Reasons for the increasing rates were initially scribed to the effects of emancipation, but as researchers reported rates of psychosis to be on the rise through the first half of the 20th century, the stress of internal migration and social adversity were increasingly invoked as explanatory factors. Even though many changes and the challenges did not seemly to actually change. The involvement in the ending of isolation among African Americans, as well being one of the culture groups of people involved in the struggles, segregation, civil rights movement...
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...How did World War II involve the entire population of the United States? Specifically, how did economic resources and popular support for the war influence American society during the war? Make sure to include the role of minorities. I see this time in history as one of the moments were there has been very drastic changes from decade to decade. After having studied the difficult periods of time in the 1920s and 1930s, specially with minorities, like women and African americans. I can see a huge shift during world war II and after war. It was a huge change in society. After being in a great depression came a massive flow of jobs, and opportunities, which lifted the American economy, and gave opportunities to minorities. The United States majorly influenced the American Society by the massive rise in economic resources such as war jobs in industry, business and agriculture, and popular support. In mobilizing the nation for war, the federal government expanded to dimensions and powers far beyond those of the the 1930s. The authority of the executive branch grew enormously as the government managed production, materials, and labor, rationed goods, set prices, limited wages, conscripted men and money, controlled information and sometimes shortened liberties, and spent and taxed more than before. The number of civilian employees quadrupled, from fewer than one million in 1939 to nearly four million in 1945.Certainly big business profited greatly from World War II. The success...
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...Minorities and Women in WWII Considering the accomplishments the first world war has bought to the U.S., America saw the second world war as another window to gain a momentous boost in the economy. While there was noticeable growing tension between Asia and Europe (tension among Japan in Asia and Hitler to Europe), America underwent a fairly occurring normal life seeing the economy relax from its depressed state. To prevent themselves from getting dragged into another war, they realized that they had to adapt from their actions of WWI; they discovered through investigations that it was weapon manufacturing that drove them into the war. The U.S. responded accordingly with a more proper response of passing acts cut weapon trade with war countries, which were a series of laws specifically called the Neutrality Acts. They did not sell arms, loans, and had no business with war countries whatsoever. The key idea to not get involved with other foreign countries was isolationism. During the time, however, problems still existed in terms with racial inequalities and where women belong. They were ignored to some extent; women were still out of the picture as they were seen inferior which still also applies to African Americans who are still segregated. As the U.S. struggled through the Great Depression, minority rights were not addressed even in Roosevelt's New Deal. Positive changes were bought to American nationality during WWII, but even in the end certain groups still struggled for...
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...Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination," declares the first time, to quickly eliminate all racial discrimination in the world. November 30, 1973, by the United Nations' International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid, "once again clearly announced that those who commit acts of apartheid organizations, institutions or individuals, that is a crime, bear international crimes (“International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination” Introduction) Following paragraphs would explore those racial issues from the WW II period, especially for Africans; address the root of racial issues; discover what people have done from both sides in order to eliminate racial issues and achieve freedom, equality and fraternity? During the World War II on December 7, 1941, serviceman Dorie Miller, an African Americans dragged his commanding officer to safety and bereft of any formal combat training, manned a machine gun, shooting down several Japanese planes. And then “Miller was awarded the Navy Cross...
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...World War I affected the nation in many aspects; however, the most evident were the economic and social aspects. In the early 1910’s the US was experiencing a recession that was quickly ended by World War I. The Great War increased the demand for production, thus creating jobs. WWI made it socially acceptable for women to join the work force as there was a demand for workers. Another social aspect that was impacted by WWI would be the African Americans and their attempt to obtain more equal rights by joining the war. World War I can be considered to be a total war as it included the entire society. In this case, it includes women, African Americans, and the entire US economy. As a result of the war, there was a great demand for the production of military supplies. However, the men would be drafted to the war. 3 million men were drafted into the army under the Selective Service Act and another 2 million joined various branches of the armed services voluntarily. This created job opportunities for women as the men were absent as a result of the war. Women took advantage of the industries’ great demand for workers to occupy the role of men in the workplace. Therefore, women demanded to be paid the same as a man would and demanded to have 8 hour days with the opportunity to get overtime. Women working in factories and other industries where only men would work, gradually became more socially acceptable. Women taking over the job industry was not only socially acceptable during...
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...factors that improved the position of African-Americans in the years 1945-55, the first being World War II, the second is Presidents and the third is Civil Rights Organisations. There are a few significant factors that occurred as a result of the Second World War. For example, the 'Double V Campaign' of 1942. Two months after the Bombing of Pearl Harbour by the Japanese, the Pittsburgh Courier (the most popular black newspaper in America) published the campaign to everyone. It called for a victory on two fronts, it was a campaign for African-Americans to give their all in the war effort and for black people to fight racial discrimination back home in America. The editor of the newspaper wrote "We call upon the President and Congress to declare war on Japan and against racial prejudice in our country." This was significant because it gave African-Americans a chance to prove how much of a positive impact they could have on the war and this in turn could show current white racists a different view on them. Additionally, it could be argued that because it was quite a big newspaper, more people across America would see it, and therefore it could potentially have more of an effect on the general opinion. Another factor was the black soldiers who returned home as heroes after the Second World War. It changed the attitudes of white people all across America but more specifically, white soldiers who had fought alongside them in the war. Before the war, white servicemen were disgruntled...
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...change the status of African Americans from 1945 to 1968 in the sense that the Presidents during this period; Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy and Johnson all started to become more involved in improving Civil Rights for Black Americans and passing acts. Eisenhower passed the Civil rights Act of 1957, Johnson passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and there were others which showed African Americans that progress was being made. The Presidents clearly initiated a change in America making sure de jure became de facto. However, there were many flaws in the work of the Federal Government and there were other factors which changed the status for African Americans such as the impact of the Second World War and the actions of the NAACP. President Harry Truman (1945-1953), established a liberal civil rights committee to investigate the violence against blacks. A report was produced called “To Secure These Rights” which underlined the problems that African Americans faced during this period. It said that the USA could not claim to lead the free world if Blacks were not equal. This proved that the Federal Government did play a part in changing the status for Black Americans as a previously racist President was motivated to change the way Blacks were treated which was a big step towards social equality. Moreover, in 1948, Truman ended segregation in the armed forces by signing the Executive Order 9981 which guarantied equality and opportunity for all persons ion the armed forces without regard to...
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...World War II: Segregation Abroad and at Home Military policies and general notions regarding race relations were already very prevalent since the First World War. They became even more defined in the pre-war American times. The African American community in America was pushing for equality; to fit in the society. Racial tension swept across the nation like wild fire. Regional phenomena became a nationwide aspect. The white majority kept the two races segregated, in all aspects of the society. The term "Separate but equal" made famous by the United States Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson remained instantiated as the law of the land in reference to racial policy. This concept of keeping both races segregated had permeated across the United States and was the prominent view of most white citizens during this period. Segregation was seen—from a white point-of-view—as a way for both races to live within the society without racial conflict and tension. Separation of blacks and whites stretched across all societal institutions, including the United States Military. African Americans did not receive the same rights and freedoms that their white counterparts did. Moreover, they were discriminated against, physically abused, and were seen as less than American; and even worse, less than human. Despite all of the injustices against them, they still served and remained loyal to their country. They sought both equality and victory during World War II. The Home Front African Americans...
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...Roles changed of American women in War World 2 when men left to go fight in war. When America went into war men left their jobs to go fight in the war. Millions of women filled in for the men who left to go fight in the war. Women were encouraged to fill in these jobs by a campaign featuring "Rosie the Riveter." African Americans made key contributions in combat. African Americans worked in the air force during the war. Pilots were trained at the Tuskegee Army Air Field. Many Native Americans worked in defense industries or served in the armed forces. Navajo's formed a unit called the code talkers." The code talkers are a unit that uses a special based on the Navajo language. Thousands of Latinos served in the United States military. Mexican...
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...on April 15, 1889. He was a son of loyal supporters of equal rights and regular human rights for African Americans, his father was a methodist minister named, James Randolph, and a mother named Elizabeth. He and his family moved to Jacksonville, Florida in 1891. Asa spent most of his childhood there and ended up attending Cookman Institute which was one of the first institutions with a higher education for african americans in the country. He attended at Cookman until he graduated in 1911, he moved to a neighborhood in New York City called Harlem, with an idea of becoming an actor. He studied English Literature and Sociology at City College, here he held a variety of jobs, including an elevator operator, porter and waiter, as well as develop rhetorical skills. In 1912, Asa made one of his very first noteworthy political moves, he founded an employment agency with Chandler Owen a Columbia...
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