...Dinosaurs In Alaska? When you hear a place about Alaska, we think of snow, polar bears, glaciers, and cold weather. When you think of dinosaurs, we think of tropical places and hot climates. You would probably doubt dinosaurs could have ever lived here in Alaska. But about 65 million years ago they not only lived here, they thrived! There are a lot of information about dinosaurs, but what this paper will cover is how dinosaurs directly relate to Alaska. After reading this paper, you will find out how dinosaur research started and how long ago dinosaurs lived in Alaska. Plus find out the type of dinosaurs that lived Alaska, and the type of climate and which parts of Alaska that they lived in. You will also find out what type of evidence they found, if dinosaurs are related to the oil industry, who is still studying dinosaurs, and how this topic is introduced to the public. How it all began Dinosaurs strolled the earth over 245 million years ago. So it would only be fair to go all the way back to the beginning and quickly summarize how it all happened. Earth’s history is categorized into two eras, and then categorized by periods. The two eras are Paleozoic era, and Mesozoic era. Paleozoic era - (560 to 276 million years ago): This is the period where the first fish, corals, shellfish, insects, spiders, and swamp forests appeared. Mesozoic era - (350 to 65 million years ago)We are most interested in this era. This era contained 3 periods: Triassic period, Jurassic...
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...Dinosaurs were found in the Laramie basin in Wyoming together with land plants "remarkably modern in their aspect"; these land plants bespoke a much more recent age than the Age of Reptiles, which, it is assumed, came to its end about 70 million years ago. The plants were referred by paleobotanists to at least the Tertiary epoch, or the Age of Mammals. "The Laramide group has given rise to one of the two most prolonged controversies in the history of American geology." [C.P. Dunbar, Historical Geology (1949), p. 375.] But the paleozoologists persisted in ascribing the plants to the Age of Reptiles, and finally coerced the botanists into accepting their view. In the redstone wall of Supai Canyon in the region of the Grand Canyon in northern Arizona were discovered figures of animals cut by some prehistoric man. "The fact that some prehistoric man made a pictograph of a dinosaur on the walls of this canyon upsets completely all of our theories regarding the antiquity of man." [Ibid.] "The fact that the animal is upright and balanced on its tail would seem to indicate that the prehistoric artist must have seen it alive." Dinosaurs were in the vicinity, as is established by footprints discovered not more than one hundred miles from the picture. [S. Hubbard, The Doheny Scientific Expedition to the Hava Supai Canyon, Northern Arizona, 1925 (1927), p. 5. E. George, referring to these drawings in his The Adventures of Mankind...
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...living things. I decided to write about the evolution and extinction of dinosaurs because the whole idea of a species so majestic, large and powerful getting completely wiped out is somewhat of a disturbance to me. I felt that if something had wiped out an entire race of living things, then, it is a possibility that it could happen again, maybe to our own species. Dinosaurs, being one of the most exciting creatures to roam the earth are a part of what we call ‘evolution’. It is a simple and obvious fact that Dinosaurs did not suddenly come into existence two hundred million years ago. Like all living things, they evolved, slowly and gradually, from creatures that roamed the earth before them. These former creatures were primitive reptiles known as the Archosaurs. Archosaurs were not so different from dinosaurs except for the large difference in size, etc. Some Paleontologists believe that all dinosaurs evolved from one kind of Achosaur, the Lagosuchus, a quick but small reptile that lived in the forests of the early Triassic period. The Permian Extinction opened up huge swaths of evolutionary territory for the Archosaurs, some of which evolved over tens of millions of years into the dinosaurs we know and love today. As is the case with all species, the slow, winding path taken by dinosaur evolution depended on a variety of factors, including climate, competition, and the availability of food. Dinosaurs, although being extremely interesting, are but one group of animals that...
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...United States of America. Then my final destination would be the Jurassic Age to see the dinosaurs. As you were reading/hearing what I said I hope that you assume that I like U.S.A. history and how dinosaurs were like. I would see a pleather of things in the time period on 1920s-1980s. For instance, I would get tutored by Albert Einstein himself. Also I will also purchase ten pairs of Back to the Future shoes, and then sell them in the present for profit. I will also see what Northern Cambria (Spangler/Barnesboro) was like. Throughout these years that I would travel, I would get myself different types of suits and get a mint-conditioned Johnny Cash Album –the rare one. The next time period would be from 1776 to the 1820s to see what old America was like. For instance, I would look for George Washington to see what he looked like and to hear how he spoke. Next I would see the Declaration of Independence being made and actually be part of their conference for the Declaration of Independence. Also, since I am a coin collector, I would take hundreds of the first coins that were made in the U.S.A. I will also, from a distance with binoculars, watch how the War of 1812 unraveled and took form. Most likely, the final destination for now…, would be the Jurassic Age. During this age I will have to very careful not to get eaten, fall in quicksand, or to step in a pile of poo, but I would hunt some dinosaurs, kill them, and then skin them just to get some leather out of their skins...
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...cats and rats). These competitors ate the dodos' eggs in their ground nests and also ate the dodo’s young. The last dodo was killed in 1681. Answer the following questions using information from the text: 1. What was the dodo? 2. Out of the four causes of extinction we have learnt about, which two caused the extinction of the dodo and why? 3. When did the last dodo die? Dinosaurs There are many theories as to how the dinosaurs became extinct. Keep in mind that there is no absolutely proven theory. Asteroid Theory According to this theory a large asteroid or comet collided with Earth about 65 million years ago. Scientists think that such a large collision would throw so much dust into the air that sunlight would not be able to shine and plants and animals would die. The dramatic changes in climate that resulted from this huge collision were too much for the dinosaurs. They were not able to survive. Volcanic Activity A huge increase in volcanic activity at around 65 millions years ago could have pumped so much ash into the air that it blocked out the sun killing the dinosaurs. Ice Age Some scientists...
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...Dinosaurs of the Jurassic Period Jurassic Period- 206-144 mya • Took place roughly 210 million years ago. • Lasted around 70 million years • This was the second(middle) period of the three divisions of the Mesozoic era. • Age of the Dinosaurs, first bird life. Bower proclaimed that the "Triassic period began about 20 million years ago, and the Jurassic period began 210 million years ago"(1986). During the Mesozoic, or "Middle Life" Era, life diversified rapidly and giant reptiles, dinosaurs and other monstrous beasts roamed the Earth. The period, which spans from about 252 million years ago to about 66 million years ago, was also known as the age of reptiles (Ghose 2013). There is little supporting evidence that plant life is truly from the early Jurassic time frame, however, Brannan's research suggests "At the beginning of the Jurassic period the Earth saw the disappearance of seed-fern floras but the gymnosperms and true ferns were thriving"(Brannan 2012). Early Jurassic- The Liassic Epoch (176 to 200 mya) • Brought much warmer/wetter rainforest climate • Marine reptiles evolved such as, Ichthyosaurus, Temnodontosaurus, Euycleidus. • Terrestrial animals made an appearance such as the Stegosaurs, Tetanurae, Berberosaurus, Heterdonosaurids. In the Early Jurassic, the Colorado Plateau region again became arid and the eolian sandstones record zonal as well as monsoonal circulation (Parrish 1993). Following the dramatic decline, ichthyosaur diversity increased...
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...The “Evolving Planet Exhibit” took me on a journey through 4 billion years of life on earth, from the Precambrian singled cell organisms to the Mesozoic towering dinosaurs and extended hominid human family. The unique fossils, concrete interactive displays and recreated sea and terrestrial landscapes help the compelling story of evolution- the single process that connects everything that has ever lived on earth. Evolution of life on Earth occurred 4.5 billion years ago, the Precambrian Eon. This Eon makes up ninety percent of Earth’s history. Organic compounds were the building blocks on Earth; two theories exist of how these forms came to be; they may have formed on Earth, through underwater thermal vents, or carried to Earth through meteorites. What followed, were prokaryotes, single celled organisms, and eukaryotes, multi-cellular organisms. The development of prokaryotes caused transformations to Earth, through the process of photosynthesis, which allowed for the development of oxygen in our atmosphere. Through Eukaryotes, natural selection was possible, due to genetic variation. During the Paleozoic era, which occurred 543 million years ago, there was an explosion of life, which led to the wide variation of life that we see today. Throughout this period there was a significant outburst in marine life. As time evolved, skeletons had evolved structurally, which allowed for larger bodied organisms to grow. Their chemical composition includes the minerals calcium and...
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...Dinosaurs, contrary to what many people think, are not just big lizards. While it is true that the name dinosaur (coined by Sir Richard Owen in 1842) means "terrible lizard" in Greek, dinosaurs are quite a distinct group from lizards. The first dinosaur bones were discovered in 1822 in Sussex, England, by Gideon Mantell. It was a herbivore (plant eating) dinosaur later given the name Iguanodon. Shortly after the Sussex discovery the first carnivorous dinosaur, a Megalosaurus, was found. It is believed that from about 230 million years ago, to 65 million years ago (The Mesozoic Era) dinosaurs were the dominant form of life on Earth. At the end of the Mesozoic, dinosaurs, and many other species of life, went extinct. The cause of this extinction is a mystery. Dinosaurs are considered to be reptiles. Unlike most reptiles dinosaurs all walked with their legs directly below their hips. This is different than a lizard or a crocodile where the top section of the limb is splayed out horizontally from the body and the lower section goes from the "knee" joint straight down to the ground. Because of this lizards and crocodiles move low to the ground and almost appear to be dragging themselves around on their bellies. In contrast, dinosaurs walked in an upright manner (Though a few species, like Triceratops, did retain the lizard-like sprawl on it's front legs as it lumbered about). We can tell dinosaurs walked with their feet under their hips by carefully examining the way their...
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...Answers • Store • Outreach • Media • Kids • Education • Donate • Answers in Genesis • Answers • Animals • Dinosaurs • Dinosaur Extinction • The Extinction of the Dinosaurs The Extinction of the Dinosaurs by Michael J. Oard on August 1, 1997 Share: • • • • Originally published in Journal of Creation 11, no 2 (August 1997): 137-154. Shop Now First published: TJ (now Journal of Creation) 11(2):137–154 August 1997 by Michael J. Oard Dinosaur extinction is still a major enigma of earth history. In this review article, extinctions in the geological record will be briefly mentioned. Many of the imaginative theories for the extinction of the dinosaurs will also be presented. Within the uniformitarian paradigm, the meteorite impact theory, once considered ‘outrageous’, now is the dominant theory. However, the volcanic theory is still believed by a majority of palaeontologists. Both theories have their strengths and weaknesses. The unscientific behaviour of those involved in the meteorite paradigm change will be briefly explored. Evidence that the dinosaurs died in a cataclysm of global proportions will be presented, such as the huge water-laid dinosaur graveyards found over the earth. Occasional monospecific bone-beds and the rarity of fossils of very young dinosaurs suggest a catastrophic death and burial. The billions of dinosaur tracks recently discovered provide testimony to unusual, stressful conditions. Nests, eggs, and babies are a challenge...
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...is known as the Age of Reptiles due to the fact that reptiles that survived the mass extinction thrived in all ecological roles left absent by dead species. Crocodile-like reptiles called thecodonts evolved into dinosaurs. Dinosaurs dominated all terrestrial life approximately 150 mya ago beginning 235 mya. With the first appearances of dinosaurs came the deformation of Pangaea. The different landmasses harbored differing climates, which killed species of dinosaurs that could not adapt and encouraged the growth of dinosaurs that could. Dinosaurs from different eras were rather unlike and have differing theories surrounding the causes for their extinction. These dinosaurs include the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous Dinosaurs. “The oldest known dinosaurs fossils are in rocks from the early Triassic period, about 235 million years ago. By the end of the Triassic, small carnivorous dinosaurs were very common and had largely replaced the thecodonts.” (Holt, Biology, 820) Furthermore, there are several causes that contributed to the success of dinosaurs: dinosaurs were faster and more lithe runners than the thecodonts because of their bipedal legs, they possessed useful adaptations to the climate in Pangaea during the Triassic period, and they were given leverage in resources because 80% of the living population was killed off after a mass extinction, which might have been caused by asteroid impacts. “This Jurassic Period is considered the golden age of dinosaurs because of the variety...
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...University This paper will discuss the terrible twos. The discussion will focus on the main two behaviors that people see in toddlers who are about two years of age and where this behavior comes from. When referenced to real life situations that I myself have witnessed, the personality traits of toddlers is more clearly understood. Toddlers previous months in life are the foundation of how they will begin to act when they reach the age of two years old. When children reach the age of two they tend to display personalities of being either shy or rambunctious. The lights start flickering on and off. It begins to thunder and lightning. The baby begins to blow smoke out of his breath. The Terrible Two's have begun. In an episode of Dinosaurs, a popular television show, this is the dramatization that is represented as the youngest child turns two. Although a bit theatrical, it is close to the truth when describing the behavior of a child who is two years of age. Or maybe it isn't? When children reach the age of two they tend to display personalities of being either shy or rambunctious. Socialization is the process of being taught to live in the human community. In the U.S. a survey was done and it discovered that by age two parents were expecting their children to "share," "sit at the table," "brush your teeth," and "don't disobey, bite or hit (Belsky)." Socialization begins to come on strong and pressure...
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...GEOLOGIC TIME Go to http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/help/timeform.html to fill in the following table: ERA | PERIOD | INDEX FOSSILS USED TO IDENTIFY ROCKS OF THIS AGE (DESCRIBE WHAT THESE FOSSILS ARE AS WELL) | ABSOLUTE AGE RANGE (MYA) | MAJOR GEOLOGIC EVENTS | CENOZOIC | Quaternary | Evidence of Homo Sapiens Sapiens and early types of plants.Pleistocene conifers, mosses, flowering plants, insects, mollusks, birds, mammals (sloths, bison, sabre-toothed cats, mammoths, early human hunters). Diatoms, foraminifera, and plant pollen. | 1.8 MYA to today. | Yet the Holocene has witnessed all of humanity's recorded history and the rise and fall of all its civilizations. It was during the Pleistocene that the most recent episodes of global cooling, or ice ages, took place. Temperate zones were alternately covered by glaciers during cool periods. The Pleistocene also saw the evolution and expansion of our own species, Homo sapiens. | | Tertiary | Grazing mammals, such as members of the perissodactyl and artiodactyls diversified in the Miocene and Pliocene.Long legged grazers.Chalicotherium , perissodactyls. artiodactylsHyaenodon horridus, elephants, horses, various grassesUngulates such as Artiodactyla and Perissodactyla, Vivveravus | 65 to 1.8 MYA. | The cooling and drying of the global environment may have contributed to the enormous spread of grasslands in this time. The change in vegetation undoubtedly was a major factor in the rise of long-legged grazers who came to live...
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...Dinosaurs never seize to amaze paleontologists, researchers, and science in general in the modern world today. The gigantic creatures (up to thirty feet long, ten feet tall and weighed up to twelve tons) that once walked and ruled the face of the earth millions of years ago have fascinated the human race for centuries. This does not come as a surprise, the existence of such amazing, larger than life beings gives insight and a sense of wonder to people. Dinosaurs were known to have roamed the Earth millions of years ago with their existence proven by fossil discoveries of archaeologists throughout the world. One of the most recognized dinosaurs is the Triceratops, the herbivore dinosaur known for its three horns and frill. The fossils can hardly be missed on this dinosaur, with the horns, deep, bold cheek bones and large size. The Triceratops’ skull was 1/3 the length of its entire body. This enormous, stocky creature was said to have evolved from a smaller but related species that was recently found in China. The fossil remains date to the very end of the Cretaceous period, right before the meteor impact. So, they were one of the last dinosaurs standing before the extinction. The Triceratops proved to be an interesting dinosaur as its extinction still raises questions at present times today. The first named specimen of the Triceratops was found near Denver Colorado in 1887. Originally the bones were believed to belong to a particularly large and unusual bison, but then later...
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...Dinosaur extinction is still a major mystery of earth history. In this review article, extinctions in the geological record will be briefly mentioned. Many of the imaginative theories for the extinction of the dinosaurs will also be presented. Within the uniformitarian paradigm, the meteorite impact theory, once considered ‘outrageous’, now is the dominant theory. However, the volcanic theory is still believed by a majority of paleontologists. Both theories have their strengths and weaknesses. The unscientific behavior of those involved in the meteorite paradigm change will be briefly explored. Evidence that the dinosaurs died in a cataclysm of global proportions will be presented, such as the huge water-laid dinosaur graveyards found over the earth. Occasional nonspecific bone-beds and the rarity of fossils of very young dinosaurs suggest a catastrophic death and burial. The billions of dinosaur tracks recently discovered provide testimony to unusual, stressful conditions. Nests, eggs, and babies are a challenge to a Flood model, but there are enough unknowns associated with the data that solid conclusions are difficult to draw. The part that impacts and volcanism play in a Flood paradigm will be briefly discussed. The question of whether the K/T boundary and the extinction of the dinosaurs should be considered a synchronous event within the Flood will be considered. Introduction Dinosaurs bring wonder to children and adults alike. That such great beasts once roamed the earth...
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...Noah Young English 1302 Ms. Ryan April 23, 2015 Dinosaurs, Volcanoes, and Meteors, Oh my! The dinosaurs, the dominant forms of life on land for 300 million years, went extinct 65 million years ago in an event known as the End-Cretaceous Mass Extinction. The event was caused by many devastating events coinciding with each other. A mass extinction is an event where many species of life go extinct at the same time from, presumably, the same causes. There have been five major mass extinctions in Earth’s history, the most devastating being the one that occurred at the end of the Permian when 80% of all life on Earth went extinct. Each of these extinctions coincided with drastic changes in Earth’s ecology. For example, the Permian extinction possibly...
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