...Disease Trends and the Delivery of Health Care Services HCA 240 June 16, 2013 * * * This document will discuss how demographics disease trends affect the delivery of healthcare. Starting with current age composition of the United States population and how future changes will occur in the next 10 to 20 years. Next will be identifiable factors that support environmental and changing demographic trends. Providing examples of relevant diseases and how the aging trend will increase or decrease health issues and how to reduce health complications because of age. The current rate of obesity will be discussed and how it will change in the next 10 to 20 years. This paper will identify environmental and changing demographics related to the obesity trend; including examples of diseases related to this health issue. Explaining how this trend may increase or decrease health issues and how to reduce health complications. Last this document will discuss the future and how healthcare services will adapt to provide care for these trends and age-related health issues. * The current age composition of the United States population is based on two measures, estimates of the past and projections supported by assumptions on future demographic trends. Estimates gather information on existing data from several sources; whereas, projections assume what the future demographic trends will be. The current United States population is the world’s third largest population of over...
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...Franco, Reina L. Mrs. Luningning O. Marcelino BSN – 4B, B1 Ageism - also called age discrimination is stereotyping of and discrimination against individuals or groups because of their age. It is a set of beliefs, attitudes, norms, and values used to justify age based prejudice, discrimination, and subordination.1 Gerontology - is the study of the social, psychological and biological aspects of aging. It is distinguished from geriatrics, which is the branch of medicine that studies the diseases of the elderly.2 Geriatric Nursing - Nursing care of the aged patient given in the home, the hospital, or special institutions such as nursing homes, psychiatric institutions, etc.3 Issues Facing the Elderly Being old can mean being sick, poor, hungry and depressed, even in developed nations like Australia. What are the issues? In Australia, the ‘elderly’ is generally a reference to people over the age of 65. Lots of over 65ers lead healthy and empowered lives, and many are involved in community volunteering. But for the elderly, health can be a big concern. Their bodies are more susceptible to illness, they may be physically frail, and many are on medications which are costly and ongoing. An elderly person who is able to fund their own retirement is called a retiree. This means they had a job that paid them enough superannuation. Someone who is unable to fund their own retirement, and is paid welfare money by the government is called a pensioner. Pensioners...
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...sensory nerves, and the medulla oblongata and motor nerves, all working together. Another rapid acting mechanism in the regulation of blood pressure is the secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine by the adrenal gland. Baroreceptors, are found in certain places in the walls of the heart where they are able to sense any change in blood pressure. After the baroreceptor sence a change the sensory nerves are activated and send a message to the medulla oblongata, which is located in the brain. Depending on the signal received the medulla oblongata then decides whether to increase or decrease blood pressure. The motor nerves of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system are activated to carry out the adjustments needed to maintain blood pressure. Sympathetic nervous system kicks in if the blood pressure is low and needs to increase. The nerves in the sympathetic nervous system supply an electrical system to the heart, and will increase the heart rate to contract more forcefully. The sympathetic nervous system also causes some blood vessels to constrict, which increases the resistance of the vessels. Together, these responses increase the amount of blood pumped by the heart each minute, which increases the blood pressure. If blood pressure is too high and a decrease in blood pressure is needed, the parasympathetic nervous system...
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...current age composition of the United States population according to the 2010 Census was 308.7 million people on April 1, 2010. There is an increase of 9.7 % since 2000. The data shows that the male population grew 9.9%, which is more rapidly than the female population, which was 9.5%. Out of 308.7 million people, 151.8 were male and 157 million were female. People under the age of 18 were 112.8; people of age 45-64 were 81.5 million. The 40.3 million people of the 308.7 were age 65 and over (Howden, Meyer, 2011). According to University of Phoenix Trends in aging-United States and Worldwide (2003), the population of age 65 years and over will increase 19.6% in 2030 that equals to 71 million people. The number of people of age 80 years and over will increase to19.5 million in 2030. This increase of people of age 65 years and over will increase the healthcare cost. Environmental factors that support this trend in aging are, one’s diet and exercising. A major factor is if one exercises or is inactive. Exercise affects the aging process more than genes do. If one is not active, they could die prematurely from many diseases and conditions. Being inactive can also cause you to become immobilized at an early age. Your diet can be a factor in aging as well. A low fat healthy diet can help with having a healthier longer life. (Which Environmental Factors Affect Aging? (2006-2012). The aging trend is likely to decrease the following health issues, like stroke and heart disease....
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...The Ageing Process “How Our Bodies and Minds Change” Aging is a process that concerns us all. The increasing armamentarium provided by molecular biology and other techniques has allowed greater understanding of some of the processes involved. Numerous definitions of aging exist; an acceptable and commonly used definition is that aging is the total of all changes an organism undergoes from its conception to its death, including development, maturation and adulthood. There are many theories about how our bodies and minds change as we age, but no matter how much research or theories have been formed, one thing remains true is that our bodies and minds does, and will, change with age and one thing can be agree upon is that the end results in all these studies is that the body and minds does go through many changes during our life time. Since the life span varies between and within species and human longevity is partially hereditary, it is clear that genetic factors, the biology of the brain, and our culture effect the function of the brain and influence the aging process ( Johnson 1993, Schacter et al. 1993, Vijg et al. 1995). Twin studies show that genetic differences account for about a quarter of the variance in adult human lifespan. While a great deal of research has focused on diseases of aging, there are only a few informative studies on the molecular biology of the aging brain. Many molecular changes are due in part to a reduction in the size of the brain, as well as loss...
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...epidemic of obesity, and how will the United States healthcare system prepared for this continuing epidemic. The fact that the aging population along with obesity epidemic is a global healthcare concern, many health cares’ professional is baffled about how to address the growing epidemic that many American’s will face. . According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2003) the population aged greater than 65 years is estimated to reach 19.2% in 2030, an increase from 12.4% in 2000. To break the growth down by age; the population age 65 and older is estimated to increase from 35 million in 2000 to 75 million in 2030, and people age 80 and older will increase from 9.3 million to 20 million. Except for Alaska and California, 48 states, by the year 2025, will see an average of 15% of their population age 65 and older, led by Florida with 26%. The aging phenomenon has several combining factors that play a part of the growing population; Age Dynamics: The elevated fertility rate (baby boom) from 1946 to 1964. Decline in Fertility Rate: The decrease of young people reproducing has caused an automatic increase of older people. Longevity increase: Life expectancy has increased 20 years due in part to improvements in healthcare and medical technology "The growing number of older adults increases demands on the public health system and on medical and social services.' ‘Chronic diseases, which affect older adults disproportionately, contribute to disability, diminish quality...
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...Should Athletes be Screened Better for Heart Defects? By Margaret Anne Rich A Research Project Proposal Submitted to the Graduate School of Northwestern State University of Louisiana In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science in Health and Human Performance With concentration in Sport Administration April 2013 Abstract The purpose of this study is to determine if college athletes that are predisposed to heart defects develop a heart defect during their athletic career. The researcher will conduct a causal comparative study to prove that college athletes that are predisposed to heart defects develop one during their athletic career. The study will examine college athletes that are predisposed to heart defects and do not realize they are at risk for possible development of a heart defect during their athletic career. Knowing an athlete’s family and medical history could help prevent a great deal of possible health conditions. Athletes have a higher risk of developing a higher risk if they are predisposed. There are athletes that do not realize that they are predisposed to heart defects and that they could develop one. Table of Contents Introduction 5 Background 5 Theoretical Framework 6 Statement of the problem. 6 Research question. 6 Purpose for the study. 7 Significance 7 Limitations of the Study 7 Definitions of Terms 8 Arrhythmias 8 Athletic Career 8 Electrocardiogram 8 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy:...
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...and Quality (AHRQ) experts women die from cardiovascular disease one in two; compared with one in twenty-five die from breast cancer.1 According to research women may not be as aggressively treated as men; and another known fact is related to symptoms which may vary differently from men who are having a heart attack compared to women. Within 1 year of a man having a heart attack statistics show that 24 percent of those men die, in comparison to women it is a significant increase to 42 percent. The differences for the reason women die more than men are still not understood. We do know that women are likely to get cardiovascular disease about 10 years later in life than men, and also have coexisting chronic conditions. In 2007, cardiovascular disease was the cause of death in 306,246 females.2 Often times in cardiovascular disease related to women is considered an “older women’s disease” and it is the leading cause of death in women over the age of 65. In women age 25-44 cardiovascular disease is the third leading cause and following in the second leading cause in women age 45-64. What is cardiovascular disease? Cardiovascular disease occurs when a substance called plaque builds up in the arteries that supply blood to the heart (called coronary arteries). Plaque is made up of cholesterol deposits, which can accumulate in your arteries. When this happens, your arteries can narrow over time. This process is called atherosclerosis. Plaque buildup can cause angina...
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...goes through different experiences while their getting older. When people age they tend to have problems these can be caused by the difference their body goes through, also this tends to happen to people who are more into their fifties. Even people who have passed the stage of 50’s can still have issues caused by the changes, which they still need to get used to because there’s no way it will change. Physical changes- while a person is aging their bodies go through many changes; these will be their skin, joint and the bones. The side effects of aging will usually be more off a wrinkled skin and also a thinner skin. People with older ages are more likely to be sensitive, their bones are more likely to break their skin is more likely to get damaged. Due to their old age they are likely to have pains within their joints. During this physical change their joins tend to become looser. They will lose weight which is caused by their cartilage become apart, also their posture starts changing they may not be able to keep a straight back due to their spine becoming round and also another change will be that their muscles will start to lose power and they will become weak. By time individuals can also experience having problems with their eye sight this could be them going through a struggle while reading or writing, some people also tend to lose their sense off smelling and tasting things. Caused from old age individuals can also have problems with their hearing. Organs: Old aged people...
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...injury • Wellness – beyond the simple presence or absence of disease, wellness refers to optimal health and vitality – to living life to its fullest • There are two differences between health and wellness: o Health – or some aspects of it – can be determined or influenced by factors beyond your control, such as your genes, age and family history (for example, family history of heart disease or cancer) o Wellness is largely determined by the decisions you make about how you live. For example, eating sensibly, exercising and having regular screening tests. Enhanced wellness, therefore, involves making conscious decisions to control risk factors that contribute to disease or injury. (age and family history are risk factors that cannot be controlled. Behaviours such as smoking, exercising and eating healthy are factors you can control) The dimensions of wellness • Experts have defined six dimensions of wellness: o Physical o Emotional o Intellectual o Interpersonal o Spiritual o Environmental • These dimensions are interrelated; each has an effect on the others • The process of achieving wellness is constant and dynamic, involving change and growth • Wellness is not static; ignoring any dimension of wellness can have harmful effects on your life Physical wellness • Your physical wellness includes not just your body’s overall condition and the absence of disease but your fitness level and your ability to care for yourself • The higher your fitness level...
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...and intellectual maturity have been attained. Adulthood is commonly thought of as beginning at age 20 or 21 years. Middle age, commencing at about 40 years, is followed by old age at about 60 years. Physically, early and middle adulthood are marked by slow, gradual declines in body functioning, which accelerate as old age is reached. The muscle mass continues to increase through the mid-20s, thereafter gradually decreasing. The skeletal mass increases until age 30 or so, and then begins to decrease, first in the central skeleton (pelvis and spine) and last in the peripheral skeleton (fingers and toes). Throughout adulthood there is a progressive deposition of cholesterol in the arteries, and the heart muscle eventually grows weaker even in the absence of detectable disease. The production of both male and female hormones also diminishes with age, though this cannot be directly related to the gradual diminution in sexual activity that occurs in both males and females between 20 and 60. There is clear evidence that with increasing age adults display a slow, very gradual tendency toward decreasing speed of response in the execution of intellectual (and physical) tasks. Slowing rates of electrical activity in the older adult brain have been linked to the slowing of behaviour itself. This decline in the rate of central nervous system processing does not necessarily imply similar changes in learning, memory, or other intellectual functions. The learning capacity of young adults is...
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...body mass index for the child’s age and height. Childhood obesity is a growing problem which has led to an epidemic in America. There are several contributing factors which lead adolescents to be diagnosed with pediatric obesity. Some American medical professionals are focusing on preventing and diminishing pediatric obesity with individual treatment, however, according to the American Heart Association, If parents are unhealthy, children are likely to be unhealthy too” (American Heart Association, 2011). Family-based treatment regulates the effects of childhood obesity over the long term versus individual treatment for adolescents and teenagers, which is a short term solution. Childhood obesity affects one in three children and teens in the United States, causing the rate to triple since 1963 (American Heart Association, 2011). Pediatric obesity involves children two to twenty years of age, where the child or teen has excessive body fat for their age and sex. Excessive body fat occurs when energy ingested is more than energy burned off by a child or teenager. A few symptoms of child obesity are sleep apnea; when a child or teen stops breathing in his or her sleep for a short period of time, hip or knee pain, difficulty in breathing such as; asthma, headaches, skin conditions, and additional body fat around the waistline are few symptoms of childhood obesity. The symptoms can occur as early as two years of age or not appear until school age. A primary care doctor can evaluate...
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...and intellectual maturity have been attained. Adulthood is commonly thought of as beginning at age 20 or 21 years. Middle age, commencing at about 40 years, is followed by old age at about 60 years. Physically, early and middle adulthood are marked by slow, gradual declines in body functioning, which accelerate as old age is reached. The muscle mass continues to increase through the mid-20s, thereafter gradually decreasing. The skeletal mass increases until age 30 or so, and then begins to decrease, first in the central skeleton (pelvis and spine) and last in the peripheral skeleton (fingers and toes). Throughout adulthood there is a progressive deposition of cholesterol in the arteries, and the heart muscle eventually grows weaker even in the absence of detectable disease. The production of both male and female hormones also diminishes with age, though this cannot be directly related to the gradual diminution in sexual activity that occurs in both males and females between 20 and 60. There is clear evidence that with increasing age adults display a slow, very gradual tendency toward decreasing speed of response in the execution of intellectual (and physical) tasks. Slowing rates of electrical activity in the older adult brain have been linked to the slowing of behaviour itself. This decline in the rate of central nervous system processing does not necessarily imply similar changes in learning, memory, or other intellectual functions. The learning capacity of young adults is...
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...of smoking or problem drinking. Utilization effects mirrors the health effects. Obesity is associated with a 36 percent increase in inpatient and outpatient spending and a 77 percent increase in medications, compared with a 21 percent increase in inpatient and outpatient spending and a 28 percent increase in medications for current smokers and smaller effects for problem drinkers. Nevertheless, the latter two groups have received more consistent attention in recent decades in clinical practice and public health policy. M a n y b e h a v i o r a l r i s k f a c t o r s , chief among them smoking, heavy drinking, and obesity, are known causes of chronic health conditions. Chronic health conditions, like cancer, diabetes, or heart disease, in turn are primary drivers of health care spending, disability, and death. This paper compares the associations of smoking, problem drinking, and obesity with health care use and chronic conditions. All three risk factors are prevalent, although only obesity has dramatically increased over the past twenty-five years. There is an extensive literature of the association of individual risk factors with selected clinical problems. Overall assessments are rare, however, and no direct comparisons of obesity and other risk factors have been reported. Obesity research is also a newcomer in...
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...Quinisha Williams Mrs. Garcia EG 103 B 25 October 2017 Higher Drinking Age Almost anyone can agree that alcohol should not be allowed to children or young adults under a certain age. Alcohol is a substance that is very dangerous and if used incorrectly or immaturely the consequences can be great danger to the users or the ones around them. The topic of lowering the drinking age has been in discussion for many decades. Although the age has been lowered and raised again, this topic has not been resolved through the decades. Underage drinking, specifically under the age of 21, should not be allowed in any country because it can be very dangerous, when it comes to substance abuse, traffic accidents and the health risks involving alcohol. The...
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