...THAT INDIVIDUALS LEARN GENDER IDENTITY LARGELY THROUGH AGENTS OF SECONDAERY SOCIALISATION. Gender identity is an individual’s private sense and subjective experience of their own gender. This is generally about how an individual is associated into a male or female category. Primary socialisation takes place at the very start of an individual’s life; it is the first experience of socialisation a person will experience. The most dominant agent of primary socialisation is family and is predominantly the most important stage of an individual’s social encounters. During the course of one’s life the influence of the family can decrease, secondary agents of socialisation can become more dominant than primary agents of socialisation. It is possible that secondary agents of socialisation may socialise individuals into a gender identity that different greatly from the gender identity they were socialised into primarily. That can often be the case as an individual grows up they spend less time with their family and more time with secondary agents of socialisation such as peers and in educational institutes. However without initial primary socialisation (with family) secondary socialisations will become increasingly more difficult for an individual and this could cause an increase in criminal activity. As I have explained, during the course of a person’s life an individual can become to be more affected by agents of socialisation other than the family. The majority of children in Britain...
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...Agents of Society Mashell Chapeyama Zimbabwe There are various agents that play part in the socialisation process in the society. In this essay the writer looks at five of these agents. The writer also looks at the good and bad sides of each of these agents. The agents that shall be discussed are: • Parents • Peers • Religious leaders • Teachers • Friends. Parents Parents are the main agents of socialisation for the children. This is so because the parents spend much of the time with the children, from their tender ages until they are grown up. At home the parents set standards and rules. They insist on certain folkways. Examples include that they must not eat while they are standing. In Zimbabwe parents also teach children moral codes such as clapping and thanking other people. They are taught good ways of treating others. Generally parents set the best guidance to children. This is due to the attachment which parents have with their children as well as the love they have for them. One bad thing in the socialisation that comes from the parents is insisting on certain standards which may not be good for the children. Some religious parents teach their children to disown other people’s religious beliefs. Parents may tend to create stereotypes in their children. They tend to want children to behave in exactly the same ways as they do. Teachers Apart from parents teachers give a lot of socialisation to children. Children believe that teachers are always right;...
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...Socialisation is a term used by sociologists to refer to the lifelong process of inheriting and disseminating norms, customs and ideologies, providing an individual with the skills and habits necessary for participating within his or her own society. There are two types of socialisation; Primary and secondary. Examine the ways in which two of the following agencies may shape the process of socialisation: family; education; mass media; religion. (24 marks) Socialisation is the process of learning norms and values. These are things like manners and ways to behave around others and what behaviour is suitable for your gender. From your birth onwards all individuals go through a process of socialisation during which they learn the norms and values of their society and certain factors will influence your interpretation of society and what norms and values you have been taught. Family is an important agent of socialisation. Family socialisation begins the process through which we learn and develop to be a grown up. For some adults their interaction with family continues in such a close relationship that the family maintains a very dominant role in their on-going socialisation. Most of the time growing up is spent with family and so this is what is called primary socialisation. Through primary socialisation we learn basic norms and values, as well as manners and other suitable behaviours to follow. Things like eating with a knife and fork is a good example. Your family, especially your...
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...Mashell Chapeyama Zimbabwe There are various agents that play part in the socialisation process in the society. In this essay the writer looks at five of these agents. The writer also looks at the good and bad sides of each of these agents. The agents that shall be discussed are: • Parents • Peers • Religious leaders • Teachers • Friends. Parents Parents are the main agents of socialisation for the children. This is so because the parents spend much of the time with the children, from their tender ages until they are grown up. At home the parents set standards and rules. They insist on certain folkways. Examples include that they must not eat while they are standing. In Zimbabwe parents also teach children moral codes such as clapping and thanking other people. They are taught good ways of treating others. Generally parents set the best guidance to children. This is due to the attachment which parents have with their children as well as the love they have for them. One bad thing in the socialisation that comes from the parents is insisting on certain standards which may not be good for the children. Some religious parents teach their children to disown other people’s religious beliefs. Parents may tend to create stereotypes in their children. They tend to want children to behave in exactly the same ways as they do. Teachers Apart from parents teachers give a lot of socialisation to children. Children believe that teachers are always right; hence they listen very...
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...alcoholics who were hardly able to take care of themselves, let alone an infant. Oxana, only three years old, sought refuge in the dog house in the garden; and she lay down with the dogs. Oxana remained with the dogs for 5 years, and was even fed raw meat and scraps left by her parents. After these 5 years, Oxana was imitating the behaviour of a dog: she was barking, clawing, whining when hurt, growling when feeling threatened and panting. In the following document, I will be discussing under which circumstances Oxana become this way, and the effects of primary and secondary socialisation had on Oxana. What were the primary socialisation effects on her health and well-being? When we are raised by our parents, we naturally replicate the behaviour of our parents; and primary socialisation is especially important because it serves as the groundwork for a child's future development and socialisation. However, as Oxana was raised largely by dogs, she replicated this behaviour. How does this impact Physical Development? Due to Oxana’s environment, it has caused Oxana to become physically underdeveloped. This is because of a multitude of factors. For example; the food she was eating. When we are young, we are fed food by our parents that contain the right amount of nutrients and proteins that will help our bones become strong, and will help us grow. Oxana did not have this. By being fed only raw meat and leftover scraps, Oxana was missing out on key nutrients that would help...
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...cultures and may be as a result of gender, beliefs and religion. In an African society, a male child is brought up to recognise he is a breadwinner and consequently taught the value of working hard to provide for his family, on the other hand education may be seen as wasted on a female child because she is meant to be provided for by her husband. In such a society education is not valued in females. Values change and evolve because today most societies have accepted the importance of education in both the male and female child. There are still some restrictions in some societies like in Saudi Arabia where women are not allowed to freely mix with men in the work place. Some of the change in values can occur from experiences in the secondary socialisation process. The change will allow for development, growth and modernisation. For instance a traditional Muslim male takes his wife to see a doctor for checkups will insist he wants a female doctor to attend to her. With time he begins to see the gap created by not allowing a female child get an education and as such will be more open to change. Values are important things to us like ethics, human life, privacy, love, religion, honesty, justice, and fairness and so on. In Britain we value our Privacy among other values, for example in July 2011 News of the world Corporation was involved in breach of privacy laws and media ethics which led the Prime...
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...the ways in which two of the following agencies may shape the process of socialisation: family; education; mass media; religion. (24 marks) Socialisation is the process of learning social norms and values, these for example, things like manners and ways to behave around people and what behaviour is suitable for your gender. From birth onwards all individuals go through a process of socialisation during which they learn the norms and values of their society and certain factors influence your interpretation of society and what norms and values you have been taught. Family socialisation begins the process through which learn and develop to be the adult persons they become. For some adults, their interaction with family continues in such a close relationship that the family maintains a dominant role in their on-going socialisation. Most of the time growing up is spent with family and so this is what is called a primary relationship, it’s important that we learnt the dos and don’ts from them. However when you get older it becomes less important in the socialisation process as other agencies take over from the family. Comparisons between classes show big differences, for example it has been proven that working class families use more simple sentences whereas middle class use more complex sentences which links to achievements in school, this shows how different class families contribute to family socialisation. Child rearing practices such as nutrition, sleeping and use of toilets...
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...businessdictionary.com/definition/values.html [30/09/14] Principles – are norms, values and mores that represent an individual or communities they help you know to morals. They also serve as policies and objectives in government. For example, a principle is having concern for the wellbeing of others. Business dictionary http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/principles.html [30/09/14] Socialisation comes in two forms: primary and secondary. Primary socialisation starts at birth and finishes by the time the child reaches school. For instance, learning to crawl, walk and talk are all taken place during this period, we also learn about the norms in society like manners and how to behave in public . This learning only occurs in the family. Secondary socialisation begins after the age of five until death, this only occurs outside of the family. An example of secondary socialisation is learning to drive. As we get older it takes us longer to learn and understand things, and we learn thing through agents of socialisation. We are controlled in ways; this is called agents of socialisation. This comes in four forms: school, family, peer groups and the media. The family is the most important form as it’s from them we learn about our gender roles, language, habits and beliefs. The next most important is school as they reinforcement the repercussions of misbehaving, for instance when you don’t do homework you will get a detention. During this time we learn – subconsciously - the...
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...Functionalists take a consensus view of the role of education. They see it as performing three important functions; socialisation into the shared culture, equipping individuals with work skills for the division of labour, and selection for work roles. Education is organised on meritocratic principles and reward pupils’ ability, not their social background. Functionalists take a very positive view of education. They see it as a form of secondary socialisation essential to the maintenance of society. it performs vital social functions, including transmitting shared norms and values and equipping pupils with the knowledge, skills and habits needed for work. School also acts as a bridge between the family and the world of work, reflecting the values of equal opportunity and individual achievement found in wider society. it gives everyone an equal chance of discovering and developing their talents. Education also sifts and sorts individuals, allocating them their future occupational roles on the basis of their ability and effort and enabling the talented to become upwardly mobile. The structure and processes of education systems are related to the general process of socialisation. All sociologists agree with this, but sociologists have many different views about how societies are structured. They have many different views about the role of education in society. The following research will focus on the role of education from a Functionalist, Marxist and an Interactionalist's...
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...Sociologists tend to argue that human behaviour is determined by social environment that is nurture. They suggest that on the whole our behaviour is not fixed biologically. Sociologists believe the society of an individual shapes their behaviour and personality. According to this perspective of social determinist genes have less effect on an individual. They suggest family as an agent for individual’s primary socialisation. Secondary socialisation agents are friends, environment, religion, and mass media and so on. These factors create personality for an individual that they claim to have. Furthermore, without proper socialization humans cannot learn to behave appropriately to fit into social environment. Feral children are the results of those deprived from social interaction with other humans. Isabelle was born to mother who could not speak or hear. She stayed with her mother for the first six years of her life in a dark room. When she was first found she was very fearful of strangers, particularly men. She only made a croaking sound. After a long period, through socialisation she develops speech and other socialisation skills. The case study gives evidence that society shapes the behaviour of each...
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...social habits. As shown in the item the media are important agents of secondary socialisation. Their norms, Values and customs in their society toys, music, TV, films and the internet is a part of their culture. The idea that in the media adults and children are presented with images that can have an impact on their norms and values, show the importance of media to their culture. B. The mass media is an important agent of socialisation in many ways. The mass media covers a range of means of communication, information and entertainment, as it says in the item of books, magazines, TV, films and on the internet. For example; effects of social media can be good e.g. promoting equality, by the media focusing on this, it allows young people to accept people outside of the old norms e.g. gays, transgender. However, the mass media can be negative. For instance the media expresses how being skinny is the new trend and how being skinny is better than being an average weight as that is seen as being ‘fat’ purely because of what’s being shown on a advert on TV. People try imitating the role models/celebrities that they see on the media and sometime they can show positive things about them as well as negative. Such as Cristiano Ronaldo a well known football player having no tattoos so he can give blood to the people who need it compared to seeing leaked photos of Justin Bieber naked. Role models play a big part of socialisation in the media. Family play an important role in this. By watching...
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...Examine the ways in which two of the following agencies may shape the process of socialisation: family, education, mass media, and work. (24 marks) This essay examines the ways in which education and family shape the process of socialisation. Socialisation is the process by which an individual learn or internalise the norms and values of society. There are two types of socialisation: primary and secondary. Primary socialisation occurs largely with family and involves acquiring basic skills and values. Family was chosen to show the formation of primary socialisation. Secondary socialisation refers to the socialisation received later in life through a wide range of people and agencies. They include mass media, education, work and religion. Education was chosen to show the formation of secondary socialisation. Sociologists consider family, specifically the parents as central to primary socialisation. This type of socialisation occurs when we are normally in intimate and prolonged contact with parents. Children learn language and basic norms and values. These can be taught formally but they are more likely to be picked up informally by imitating parents. Parents may use sanctions to reinforce approval behaviour (positive sanctions) and punish unacceptable behaviour (negative sanctions). These processes help children to learn about their role in family and society. Furthermore, a research carried out by Diane Reay (1998) on class and parenting. She made detailed study of 33...
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...Socialisation is process through which people learn the various forms of behaviour consistent with membership of a particular culture. It is during socialisation that individuals learn the values and norms that play such an important part in shaping human behaviour. Socialisation provides the skills and habits necessary for acting and participating within one’s society. The functionalist view of socialisation is based on view that society is external to the individual and human nature is passive. Socialisation is a one way process – Society in man. Durkheim’s socialisation was very similar to training or even taming. During socialisation individuals learn to desire what the culture of a society provides and in doing so their personalities become structured by the social roles they learn. From a functionalist perspective deviant behaviour can to a large extent be explained in terms of inadequate socialisation. Though Marxists give a slightly differently explanation, they see little difference between culture and ideology. It is really the values and interests of ruling class which are transmitted as culture. Marxist analyse the agencies of socialisation in capitalist societies not just family but schools, mass media and political institutions. Bowles and Gintis emphasise the importance of schools transmitting the Hidden Curriculum. The values that are transmitted are capitalist values, acceptance of authority structures and competition. Similarly the mass media is seen...
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...Socialization is a process whereby individuals are made aware of behaviours that are expected of them with regards to the norms, beliefs, attitudes, and values of the society in which they live. There are several agencies of socialisation including peers, family, workplace, mass media but is peers the most important agency of socialisation? This essay aims to evaluate this claim. A Peer group is a very important social group. This is a primary agency of socialization. They are those who share a similar social position to you in terms of age, lifestyle, status or job. These are people you are regularly with. In course of a child’s growth, he/she is motivated to be with the friends of his age. It is mainly remarked from teen ages to adulthood. The socialization that takes place with peers is different from those of the family and school. Similar tastes, likes, dislikes and ideas influence of the creation of such groups e.g. those who are into the same sports or the same type of music form into friendship groups. Young people are most influenced by their peers. They feel most comfortable to be around them as they share similarities concluding to them being open with each other. Peer groups play a very big part of socialization because the teenage period of someone’s life is when they start to change and think differently and most of these things they experience together. They discuss certain issues, problems and matters which cannot be discussed with their adults in the family or...
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...primary agents of socialization for children and young adults today are family, peer groups, mass media and school. I say this because it is where children and young adults socialize. The family is the main agent of socialization because children and young adults spend the most time with their families and first learn values from their families. Families come in different sizes - parents (married, single, or divorced), grandparents and extended family and this affects children. Families also just don’t socialize their children within the walls of their home. Parents teach values that children and young adults will have for their entire life along with gender roles. Socialization is affected by social times – for example, 50 years ago children were spanked with a wooden spoon for misbehavior but today, for many, it is considered child abuse. Other family factors such as race, social class, wealth, also affect the socialization of children and young adults (Openstax). Peer groups are also agents for socialization for children and young adults. Peer groups are made up of individuals about the same age and have similar social characteristics such as participating in sports, religion, or similar activities. In young adults, acceptance by their peer group is very important to them, which is why peer groups are so influential on young adults. Because young adults want to be like their peers, they want to become what they think their peers want them to be. Often there is conflict between...
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