...that does not talk and debate endlessly about Waterfall vs. Agile development methodologies. Feelings run strong on the subject with many considering Agile ‘so of the moment’, just so right, while Waterfall is thought to be passé! But, before deciding which is more appropriate, it is essentially important to provide a little background on both. Waterfall A classically linear and sequential approach to software design and systems development, each waterfall stage is assigned to a separate team to ensure greater project and deadline control, important for on-time project delivery. A linear approach means a stage by stage approach for product building, e.g. 1. The project team first analyses, then determining and prioritising business requirements / needs. 2. Next, in the design phase business requirements are translated into IT solutions, and a decision taken about which underlying technology i.e. COBOL, Java or Visual Basic, etc. etc. is to be used. 3. Once processes are defined and online layouts built, code implementation takes place. 4. The next stage of data conversion evolves into a fully tested solution for implementation and testing for evaluation by the end-user. 5. The last and final stage involves evaluation and maintenance, with the latter ensuring everything runs smoothly. However, in case a glitch should result, changing the software is not only a practical impossibility, but means one has to go right back to the beginning and start developing...
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...the life cycle approach—the predictive and the adaptive approaches. These two approaches are really a continuum and any give project may have elements of both approaches. The predictive approach to the SDLC is used for projects that are well understood and low risk. The adaptive approach to the SDLC is used for projects that are not well understood and are higher risk. Adaptive SDLCs are more iterative and allow the project team to adapt the project to changing circumstances. The other important concept that you should learn from this chapter are the difference between the two main methodologies to system development that are currently used to develop business systems: the structured approach and the object-oriented approach. The object-oriented approach refers to system development using newer object technologies that require a different approach to analysis, design, and programming. Finally the chapter concludes with a discussion of the Agile philosophy and Agile...
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...Agile Methodology Brian Crites System Analysis and Design July 16, 2012 Summer Term B 2012 Professor David A. Ostrowski Agile Methodology is an approach to project management that for the most part is used with software development. Agile Methodology is a very important part of software development. Throughout this paper I intend to discuss what the movement toward agility means for the future of systems analysis and design (Hoffer, George, & Valacich, 2011). In the year of 2001 many proponents met in Utah and came to discuss and agree on underlying principles (Hoffer, George, & Valacich, 2011). Through this discussion they came up with the “The Agile Manifesto” (Hoffer, George, & Valacich, 2011). There is very important information listed in the Agile Manifesto as you can see from the information I have provided, according to my textbook, below. “The Manifesto for Agile Software Development Seventeen anarchists agree: We are uncovering better ways of developing software by doing it and helping others do it. Through this work we have come to value: • Individuals and interactions over processes and tools. • Working software over comprehensive documentation. • Customer collaboration over contract negotiation. • Responding to change over following a plan. That is, while we value the items on the right, we value the items on the left more. We follow the following principles: • Our highest priority is to satisfy the customer through early and...
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...Agile vs. Prescriptive Processes CS5704 - Assignment 1 Jitrat Jaidee jaideej@hotmail.com AGILE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT Agile Development is one of the methodologies use in software engineering to help develops software. Today, there are a lot of different approach to Agile method. However, they all share the same value and principals. This method is value interactions over team and customer, workable software, and adaptable to change. Over the processes, documentation, contract, and plan. Agile developer also following 12 principle. 1, Their first priority is to delivery fast and quality software that will satisfy customer. 2, be adaptable to any change in requirement at any point in time, Agile development always welcome change. 3, frequency deliver working software between a few week to a few month. 4, daily interaction between developer and customer. 5, The project built around individuals motivation. give them what they need and trusted that they will get the job done. 6, The best way to relay an information is live(face to face) conversation. 7, Using the working software as the main measurement of progress. 8, The process in agile environment is going in stable pace. 9, through out the processes, always attention to technique and design, in order to improve agility. 10, Keep the progress simplicity. 11, The self Organize team will naturally produce good architectures, requirements, and designs. 12, Often during progress Agile team hold a regular...
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...Agile Method – Advantages & Disadvantages People seek quality in every-man artifact. Global competition, outsourcing, off shoring and increasing customer expectations have brought the concept of quality to the forefront. Traditionally, efforts to improve the quality have centered on the end the product development cycle by emphasizing the detection and correction of defects. There are two types of software testing that people usually refer to. The first one is through Waterfall Model and the second one is Agile Testing. Both of these models have their own advantages and disadvantages. By weighting the advantages and disadvantages between these two concepts, we will then be able to decide on which one that we can use as a referral to do software testing. Before we begin to decide on which concepts that we can refer to, let’s take a look at each of the concepts. Waterfall Model Waterfall model is known as a sequential model. Once the stage has completed then developers can move on to the next step. This model requires an extensive plan so that we can minimize the error of going back to the previous stage. To be able to complete the project using the Waterfall method, both sides should be able the requirements and able to present what is should look like after completing the project in the beginning. Waterfall model consist of eight stages. They are: System requirement, Software requirement, Analysis, Design, Coding, Test and Use. Figure 1.0 – Waterfall...
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...PRINCE2 Agile On the 23rd Oct 2014 by Jackie Hewett “Watch this space”- there’s a new qualification emerging from the AXELOS Best Practice stable! ‘PRINCE2 Agile’ is imminent, currently estimated for release end Qtr1 2015. PRINCE2 Practitioner will be a pre-requisite to obtaining the qualification and, as it’s still in development, the specific details of how PRINCE2 Agile will be tested are unclear. For the un-initiated: PRINCE2 is about managing projects in a controlled way. Even the term PRINCE2 itself stands for ‘PRojects In Controlled Environments’. It’s about top-down management and tight control, especially of any proposed changes to project scope / requirements. PRINCE2 entails having a clear understanding of the project business case, comprehensive project documentation with detailed, signed-off requirements, clearly defined accountability and responsibilities and high level decision making. PRINCE2 is not industry specific and can be used to direct and manage a project of any size or complexity. ‘Die hard’ PRINCE2 practitioners, especially those who have managed very large scale projects, tend to be highly suspicious of agile methods, believing it puts ‘developers in charge’ and does away with project management controls, making the project impossible to plan or cost. In fact what is the role of a project manager on an agile project and perhaps Agile should only be applied to small, low risk projects? AGILE is a term used (in the IT Industry) to describe...
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...Cunningham SD1230: Module Exercise 5 Date: 2-16-16 Agile and Waterfall are two distinct methods of software development. The Waterfall model can essentially be described as a linear model of software design. Like its name suggests, waterfall employs a sequential design process. Development flows sequentially from start point to end point, with several different stages: Conception, Initiation, Analysis, Design, Construction, Testing, Implementation, and Maintenance. The Agile method proposes an incremental and iterative approach to software design. It was essentially developed in response to the limitations of Waterfall, as a way to give designers more freedom. The design process is broken into individual models that designers work on. There is no pre-determined course of action or plan with the Agile method. Rather, designers are free to respond to changes in requirements as they arise and make changes as the project progresses. Agile is a pretty new player to the development game. However, it has made substantial gains in use and popularity in the last couple of years. Agile: The Pros Agile offers an incredibly flexible design model, promoting adaptive planning and evolutionary development. Agile might be described as freeform software design. Software developers work on small modules at a time. Agile can be especially beneficial in situations where the end-goals of projects are not clearly defined. For example, if you are working with a client whose needs and goals are...
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...information at developers’ fingertips • Deliver great results with all your Agile projects Mario E. Moreira Michael Lester Steve Holzner CA Technologies provides your organization with the most complete and proven project and portfolio management solutions in the industry today. CA Agile Vision can help you get better visibility into your deliverables, costs, and resources for all your sprints and projects. CA Agile Vision runs on Force.com, one of the leading cloud management platforms. Delivered 100% over the Web, the solution is available anywhere, fully secure, rapidly scalable, and is supported by world-class facilities and professionals. These materials are the copyright of Wiley Publishing, Inc. and any dissemination, distribution, or unauthorized use is strictly prohibited. Agile FOR DUMmIES ‰ CA TECHNOLOGIES EDITION by Mario E. Moreira, Michael Lester, and Steve Holzner These materials are the copyright of Wiley Publishing, Inc. and any dissemination, distribution, or unauthorized use is strictly prohibited. Agile For Dummies®, CA Technologies Edition Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc. 111 River Street Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774 www.wiley.com Copyright © 2010 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise...
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...Explain The Scrum method as it relates to the software development process. Scrum is a framework that can be viewed as a structure that supports the construction of a complex product development. Scrum is: Lightweight, Simple to understand and difficult to master. It is a framework within which you can employ various processes and techniques. The Scrum framework consists of Scrum Teams and their associated roles, events, artifacts, and rules. Each component within the framework serves a specific purpose and is essential to Scrum’s success and usage. Scrum Theory Scrum is founded on empirical process control theory, or empiricism. Empiricism in laymen’s terms means a method of study relying on things you have experienced; stuff you can see and touch. Scrum employs a repetitious, incremental approach (a little more is added each time) to optimize predictability and control risk. Three pillars uphold every implementation of empirical process control: transparency, inspection, and adaptation. The Scrum Team The Scrum Team consists of a Product Owner, the Development Team, and a Scrum Master. Scrum Teams are self-organizing and cross-functional. Self-organizing teams choose how best to accomplish their work, rather than being directed by others outside the team. The Product Owner-The Product Owner is responsible for maximizing the value of the product and the work of the Development Team. Development Teams- have the following characteristics: • They are self-organizing. No...
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...In 2001, there was a history-making conference of software-engineering thinkers in Snowbird, Utah. The product of that meeting was a remarkable document called the Agile Manifesto, a call to overturn many of the assumptions of traditional software development. I, in my capacity as one of the principal theoreticians of open-source development, was invited to be at Snowbird, but couldn't make it. Ever since, though, I've been sensing a growing convergence between agile programming and the open-source movement. I've seen agile concepts and terminology being adopted rapidly and enthusiastically by my colleagues in open-source-land — especially ideas like refactoring, unit testing, and design from stories and personas. From the other side, key agile-movement figures like Kent Beck and Martin Fowler have expressed strong interest in open source both in published works and to me personally. Fowler has gone so far as to include open source on his list of agile-movement schools. I agree that we belong on that list. But I also agree with Fowler's description of of open source as a style, rather than a process. I think his reservations as to whether open source can be described as just another agile school are well-founded. There is something more complicated and interesting going on here. and I realized when I read Fowler's description of open source that at some point I was going to have to do some hard thinking and writing in an effort to sort it all out. While doing research for my...
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...CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 1.0 Introduction The literature reviews the various literatures that underline the study of training and development in firms both in the public and private sector and its effect on performance. In this chapter, I discussed the literature on agile project management and its benefits and challenges by considering definitions and theories of agile project management, principles and empirical literature. 2.1 Project management and agile project management defined 2.1.1 Project management According to Kerzner (2009, 10th ed.) project management is the planning, directing and controlling of company resources for a relatively short-term objective that has been established to complete specific goals and objectives. Project management also utilizes the system approach to management by having functional personnel (vertical hierarchy) assigned to a specific project (horizontal hierarchy). Project Management Institute (2004, pp.5-377) also defined project management as the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities to meet or exceed stakeholder objectives and expectations from a particular project” and according to ISO 10006 project management is the planning, organizing, monitoring and controlling all aspects and activities of the project in a continuous process to achieve its planned objectives”. Basically, project management deals with coordinating resources and managing people and change. Managing a project...
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...Traditional Project Management vs. Agile Development with Software as a Service projects Introduction The purpose of this entry is not to define Agile development methods (there's more than enough of that out there already), but rather to identify the characteristics of a company that is properly implementing and seeing positive results from Agile Project Management. When an SaaS project is initiated, those who are responsible for building the invention are among the most important people to the business during that time. They must be treated with the kind of dignity and respect that demonstrate the impact they have on the success of an SaaS initiative. Traditional Project Management Analyzing the problem-solving characteristics of a company's Executive Officers will tell you a lot. More specifically, what you are looking for is the level by which they do or do not value and honor traditional means of solving problems. The second major characteristic to look for is the existence of a process or strategy that religiously used as an approach for resolving every problem that comes up. Chances are, with this kind of leadership at the very top, you will usually find what - at first glance - appears to be an orderly, hierarchical structure to the way that tasks are delegated. You will usually also notice a disconnect between the lower-level management such as having a clear understanding for design requirements, for example. In other words, a developer might get a different answer...
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...Organization Paper, Individual Assignment 4 Linda D. Mason CJA/474 October 21st, 2013 Jon Sowers, faculty Organization Paper, Individual Assignment 4 The purpose of this paper is to define and explain the bureaucratic organization listing the characteristics and identifying the main principles. In addition to define an agile organization listing the characteristics and identifying and listing the nine steps of management by objectives. Also listing the advantages and disadvantages of both the bureaucratic and agile organizations. This information is imperative to the police department. Decisions will be made as to the type of organization is the best choice for our department. Bureaucratic Organization Characteristics These are the Characteristics involving the bureaucratic type of organization. Members of the organization are assigned the official responsibility to accomplish their routine task. Those who need the authority are given so by the organization to complete the assigned task. Bureaucratic organizations give the authority to the position not the individual. It requires very through documentation of all activity, those records are maintained by the staff. Effective performance is ensured by training. It is essential in a bureaucratic organization that the manager devotes full-time to managing and for stability reduce management to a set of rules (Kania, 2008). Bureaucratic Organization Main Principles Crime control is the primary function of the bureaucratic...
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...Replacing PeopleSoft Using the Agile Methodology Development January 8th, 2015 IT Project Manager Group F’s College of Technology Mid-West, USA 12345 College President Group F’s College of Technology Mid-West, USA 12345 Dear College President: Per the goals of the IT department our project: Replacing PeopleSoft using the agile methodology, is designed to replace the current software at our college. By doing this we will create a more time and cost efficient software program at our college that will be used throughout all our campuses. The new software will be maintained and updated internally which in turn will result in a reduction of expenses. We are hoping to start and complete this process within a year. Throughout the year our internal staff will gain the knowledge necessary to maintain and update the new software. They will also use the agile methodology to ensure that this process is done successfully. We also understand that this will cause complications at times with our means of communication between stakeholders and employees. Liaisons will be in place to communicate updates and other information to our stakeholders and employees in the case of complications. We are requesting your approval to start this project by the end of January 2015 once you have reviewed this project report. You will see in our report that requests for finances will be minimal as we own all of the hardware. We plan on using most of the existing hardware, if not all of it...
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...Extreme Programming Rules Planning 1. User stories are written - User stories serve the same purpose as use cases but are not the same. They are used to create time estimates for the release planning meeting. They are also used instead of a large requirements document. User Stories are written by the customers as things that the system needs to do for them. They are similar to usage scenarios, except that they are not limited to describing a user interface. They are in the format of about three sentences of text written by the customer in the customer’s terminology without techno-syntax. User stories also drive the creation of the acceptance tests. One or more automated acceptance tests must be created to verify the user story has been correctly implemented. One of the biggest misunderstandings with user stories is how they differ from traditional requirements specifications. The biggest difference is in the level of detail. User stories should only provide enough detail to make a reasonably low risk estimate of how long the story will take to implement. When the time comes to implement the story developers will go to the customer and receive a detailed description of the requirements face to face. 2. Release planning creates the release schedule- A release planning meeting is used to create a release plan, which lays out the overall project. The release plan is then used to create iteration plans for each individual iteration. It is important for technical people...
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