...Graduate School of Development Studies A Research Paper presented by: Fariba Alamgir (Bangladesh) in partial fulfillment of the requirements for obtaining the degree of MASTERS OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Specialization: [Environment And Sustainable Development] (ESD) Members of the examining committee: Prof. Dr Max Spoor [Supervisor] Dr Bram Buscher [Reader] The Hague, The Netherlands November, 2010 Disclaimer: This document represents part of the author’s study programme while at the Institute of Social Studies. The views stated therein are those of the author and not necessarily those of the Institute. Inquiries: Postal address: Institute of Social Studies P.O. Box 29776 2502 LT The Hague The Netherlands Location: Kortenaerkade 12 2518 AX The Hague The Netherlands Telephone: +31 70 426 0460 Fax: +31 70 426 0799 Contents List of Maps v List of Acronyms vi Abstract vii Chapter 1: Research Context and Setting 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Theoretical Framework 6 1.2.1 Understanding Water Scarcity 6 1.2.2 The Political Ecology Approach 7 1.3 Research Methodology: Data Collection, Analysis and Fieldwork 10 Chapter 2: Changing water regimes and livelihoods in South-Western Bangladesh 14 2.1 Introduction 14 2.2 Changing Water System in Coastal Region in Bangladesh 14 2.2.1 Impact of Poldering and Water Control 14 2.2.2 Reduced Flow of Water and Shrimp...
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...Nutritional Status & Agricultural Growth in Economic Development of Bangladesh Introduction Bangladesh faces an unfinished agenda with regard to nutrition. Child under nutrition rates remain among the highest in the world. Infant stunting and underweight rates in Bangladesh are above those in Sub-Saharan Africa (50% vs. 30% for underweight and 50% vs. 40% for stunting) despite the latter’s higher poverty rates. A key underlying factor, maternal malnutrition remains intractable despite efforts to improve the nutritional status of pregnant women. Iron deficiency anemia affects nearly 50% of all pregnant and lactating women. A direct consequence of this is low birth weight, which affects 30-50% of all newborns. It limits children’s growth potential and increases their vulnerability to infectious diseases and non-communicable diseases later in life. It also damages their ability to learn and develop useful skills, which exposes them to poverty and further under nutrition. Bangladesh is thus characterized by a cycle of intergenerational poverty, ill-health and malnutrition. To-date, public sector investments to address this have had very little impact because they were limited in scale and scope. Malnutrition is a multi-dimensional problem requiring interventions that cut across sectorial boundaries. Sustained improvements in nutrition outcomes are achieved not only through improved food security, but also changes in behaviours and knowledge regarding dietary diversity, child...
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...A RESEARCH PROPOSAL ON IMPACT OF RURAL BANKING ON RURAL FARMERS IN BANGLADESH INTRODUCTION: Bangladesh is an agro-based country, essentially are endeavoring for rapid development of the country. More or less 80 percent people directly or in directly depend on agriculture for their occupation .But it is a matter of great sorrow that farmers of our country get less facility in agricultural inputs especially agricultural credit. Due to the lack of credit at proper time they cannot produce crops at proper efficiency. So the responsibility of rural banks needs to be increased. Because If current agricultural trends continue, by the year 2020 in Bangladesh food shortage will increase many times, .The lower calorie intake could lead to poverty, malnutrition and hunger. In an attempt to alleviate some of these potential problems, several institutional and non-institutional sources of rural credit have been made available to Africans. It is hoped that, in the long term, credit will enable the poor to invest in agricultural and non-agricultural productive assets, to adopt new technologies and farming methods, and to minimize environmental degradation. Bangladesh, like other developing countries, has traditionally experienced low productivity, low income levels, low domestic savings, unemployment, and malnutrition. The Bangladesh government, through the Bangladesh Bank , established Rural Banks to channel credit to productive rural ventures and promote rural development. Rural...
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...2005-2009 outlines the environmental issues that are most significant to the Bangladesh’s economy. It will also provide background information on the environmental constraints, needs and opportunities in Bangladesh. Over the given period of this strategy document, ADB will be working with the Government of Bangladesh (Gob) for the improvement of the environment sector, wherein this report may be a basis for actions and/or intervention. This work focuses on the aspects of understanding the important features of the Bangladesh environment that need to be essentially understood. The purpose of the report is to present the findings of a review done on the environment sector. The review considered the ongoing and past interventions, legal and policy regimes and finally outlined the outstanding issues facing the sector. Objectives of the study It is well established that the process of land use change leads to the alteration of existing environmental conditions of any area. The specific objectives of the study were: 1. To identify the existing land use pattern of the selected area; 2. To explore the prime causes of land use change and its Effects on the environment of the study area, and 3. To give some suggestions based on the study findings. gulations for new industries, and strengthening the regulatory system for agro-chemical pollution control. Alternatively, clean-up strategy can be mobilized through private organizations in a...
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...ABSTRACT Agriculture is the most important sector of the economy of Bangladesh which provides 63% employment and contributing 18.6% to the national GDP. But unfortunately the farmer’s community is one of the most deprived ones in our country and frequent access to information remains one of the crying needs for a long time period. It can enable them to enhance their quality of life. It has been argued that telecommunication operators can come to aid in this respect. Telecommunications operators have already expanded their services and provided specialized agro-based services to the farmers. This paper attempts to investigate the attitude of the farmers about these agro-based services provided by the telecommunication operator. It also explored the characteristics of the user’s and their perception. Data were collected from 120 respondents who were the user of telecommunication operator’s agro-based services from selected areas from August 18 to October 15, 2011. The data were collected through a structured interview schedule. Evidence from interviews, personal observations suggest that most of the user of these services were young, had little farming experience with small farm side and from small to medium families. These services were treated helpful to overcome their obstacles to information collection but still not efficient like the means they use to collect information traditionally. They wanted information in various field of agriculture especially in the area of price...
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...Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 2014; 3(4): 313-319 Published online September 20, 2014 (http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/aff) doi: 10.11648/j.aff.20140304.24 ISSN: 2328-563X (Print); ISSN:2328-5648 (Online) Evaluation and future options for hillock crop production system in Lalmai region of Bangladesh Khokan Kumer Sarker1, Md. Ashraful Alam2, Mohammad Kamrul Hasan3, Mohammad Raziul Hassan Mondol4 1 Irrigation and Water Management (IWM) Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, 1701, Bangladesh Wheat Research Centre, BARI, Nashipur, Dinajpur, Bangladesh 3 Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development (BARD), Comilla, Bangladesh 4 Pulses Research Centre, Regional Agricultural Research Station, BARI, Jessore, Bangladesh 2 Email address: ksarkerwrc@gmail.com (K. K. Sarker), ashrafulw@yahoo.com (M.A. Alam), hasan.kamrul17@yahoo.com (M. K. Hasan), raziulh@ymail.com (M.R.H. Mondol) To cite this article: Khokan Kumer Sarker, Md. Ashraful Alam, Mohammad Kamrul Hasan, Mohammad Raziul Hassan Mondol. Evaluation and Future Options for Hillock Crop Production System in Lalmai Region of Bangladesh. Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. Vol. 3, No. 4, 2014, pp. 313-319. doi: 10.11648/j.aff.20140304.24 Abstract: Lalmai hillock area is emerging as one of the prominent vegetable growing areas of Bangladesh. The study was undertaken to evaluate the existing cropping patterns, economic analysis, identify general problems and develop future options for improving...
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...1. ------------------------------------------------- Unemployment problems of bangladesh ------------------------------------------------- Rising unemployment and declining share of the poorer populace in national income are two major challenges for the country in achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), says a government report. “Appropriate interventions are required so that benefits of economic growth reach the poorest quintile,” observes the report prepared by Planning Commission on progress towards MDGs. In 1992, the poor’s share in national income was 6.5 percent. But it dropped to 5.3 percent in 2005, marking a decline of 18.46 percent in 13 years. A steady annual growth around 5 percent on average in the 1990s and 6 percent in the 2000s helped the country to draw nearer to implementation of many of the MDGs, eight goals that the United Nations member states have pledged to accomplish by the year 2015. Halving the number of people living in extreme poverty, ensuring universal access to primary education, eliminating gender disparities, reducing child mortality rate and maternal mortality ratio, and combating HIV/AIDS and other diseases are among the targets officially adopted in 2000. One of the shortcomings in Bangladesh’s efforts to attain MDGs is failure to make growth process sufficiently pro-poor, says the report, adding that depleting share of the poorer segments of the society in national income and consumption shows that the poor are not benefiting...
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...In this period of time, we enjoyed the study of tax system of Bangladesh in various aspect of tax. First of all, we are indebted to our guide teacher Ms.Rehana Frowzier Lecturer, Department of Business Administration, Stamford University Bangladesh. His views, suggestions save us from more difficulties. We are also grateful to our group members’ most valuable cooperation, inspiration and suggestions. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This dissertation report highlights on our practical experience in different types and categories ‘Tax System’ especially Tax System Of Bangladesh. During our short working period, we tried to gather information from News Paper, web sites. But the NBR does not provide information in the web site directly and even it does not publish tax structure implement in Bangladesh. So, we take much information about tax in our personal concept and view of Tax System of Bangladesh. To complete this report, we have gained practical knowledge about various type of Tax System. For example, Tax System Of Bangladesh, canon of taxation and implementation the canon of Bangladesh in Tax System Of Bangladesh. In this way, we are getting knowledge not only the tax system but also the implementation of canon on tax system of Bangladesh. As, tax is an important part of our country development. so, day by day, people are getting more conscious and informed about tax. Object of this study We can gain knowledge about the tax system of Bangladesh by studying this topic. As following aspects...
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...TRANSMITTAL 04th April 2007 Ms.Rehana Fowzia (Lecturer) Department of Business Administration Stamford University Bangladesh Subject: Submission of report on ‘Ascertain the position of cannons of taxation in tax system of Bangladesh’. Dear Ms.Rehana Fowzia madam We are pleased to submit this report on “‘Ascertain the position of cannons of taxation in tax system of Bangladesh’ for particular fulfillment of BBA Degree. This research program was taken by the help of ‘Three tax system of Bangladesh’, written by M.A. Akkas & ‘Income Tax’ written by Mahmud, Purohit, Bhattacharjee. Here is the report on the observational study of ‘Tax System Of Bangladesh’ you asked us to conduct last month. We honestly believe that this report will fulfill the requirements of the project report for BBA, which will help us a lot to gain sufficient knowledge about the ‘Tax System Of Bangladesh’. We appreciate having this assignment. If you should need any assistance in interpreting this report or in implementing our recommendations, atuddin_mezbah@yahoo.com, Contact No. 01718330355 Sincerely, 01. Mezbah Uddin Ahamed BBA02707126 02. Subbir Ahmed BBA02707121 03. Md. Mahmud Hossain BBA02707154 04. Subroto Biswas BBA02707125 05. Shamol Kanti Sarkar BBA02707112 06. Md. Mahfujul Alam BBA02707153 Program: BBA, Batch: 27 (J), Stamford University Bangladesh. please contact us ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Education involves not only reading books and doing exercises...
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...IRJALS (2013) Vol. 02 Issue. 04 Article No. 03 Full length Original Research Paper An assessment of women participation in farm household income: a study in some selected areas of Mymensingh district of Bangladesh S. Parveen1, M. R. Hossain1*, A. K. M. G. Kausar2, M. M. A. Shibli1, M. M. Rahhan3 and J. U. Ahmed4 1 Former 2 Former M.S. Students, Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh M.S. Student, Dept. of Agribusiness and Marketing, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh 3 Former Student, Faculty of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh 4Associate professor, Dept. of Agricultural Economics and Policy, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh *Corresponding authors e-mail: bestboyisrajib@gmail.com Article History Received: 4.8.2013 Accepted: 31.8.2013 Published: 15.11.2013 Key words: Women empowerment, Household income, Gender role ABSTRACT The present study attempted to make visible the participation of rural women in farm activities, their contribution in generating household income and decision making power. The study was conducted in two villages namely Monkanda and Char Shahpur under Fulpur upazila of Mymensingh district. A total of 60 sample farmers (20 small, 20 medium, 20 large farmers) were selected by using stratified random sampling method. A pre-tested interview schedule used to collect data from respondents...
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...Introduction As we know Bangladesh is a country of middle income. Nearly 65% of total population income is less than $1. Bangladesh is primarily an agrarian economy. 66% of in Bangladesh people are work in agriculture sector. Nowadays price hike is one of the main concerns of Bangladeshi people. Though their income is not increase as much as need but their expenses are increases day by day. As a result people consume more than their income. And poor people are getting poorer day by day. Government has taken some short-term policies but those are not paying off. In this report we try to understand that why price hike in Bangladesh, what is the reason behind it an, what consequent are arises among Bangladesh people for these unsustainable price hike in consumption goods and what are the initiative measures government can take to at least make the price level sustainable. What is Inflation? Inflation is the rise in general level of prices of goods and services. It can be said in other ways that inflation is the decrease in value of money. It means that • Each dollar can purchase fewer amounts of goods and service then previous. • It reduces the purchasing power of the currency. Inflation does not mean that all prices are increasing, even during period of rapid inflation; some prices may be relatively constant while others are falling. The troublesome aspect of inflation is that prices rise unevenly, some raises sharply, some slowly and some don’t rise at all. The main...
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...History of Bangladeshi Entrepreneurs and Entrepreneurship Several studies on topics like entrepreneurship and entrepreneurs were done by several academicians all over the world in different countries. The issue got immense importance in the eyes of the researchers. The case of Bangladesh is also similar. After the period of British ruling when two new states India and Pakistan came, the economy of this subcontinent was backward, highly agricultural and characterized by massive poverty (Ray, 1992). During the ruling of Pakistanis, though the other side of Pakistan (West Pakistan) saw some economic developments, the portion which is now called Bangladesh (the then East Pakistan) could not see that light. Bangladesh got rid of Pakistani ruling in December 1971.But because of one-eyed behavior of the then Pakistani rulers huge economic problems were already prevailing in East Pakistan even at the pre-independence period. After independence, as a result of the post-war crisis, massive political unrested. The overall economy became more backward and stagnant. From then, even today Bangladesh is known all over the world for its mass-poverty and poor economic growth (Kamal, 1985). Even now-a-day, the dominant sector of economy is the agricultural sector. But investment in agriculture from commercial point of view has not been made much due to ownership problems, existing inheritance laws, uneconomic size of farm, socio-cultural traditions of the people and absence of governmental commitment...
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...Bismillahir Rahmanir Rahim International Islamic University Chittagong Department of ELL An assignment on Climate change and its effect on Bangladesh Course code: URBS-4802 Course title: Bangladesh Studies Prepared for: Mohammad Tawhidul Islam Lecturer Department of CEN-URC International Islamic University Chittagong Prepared by: Mohammad Sahidul Islam Matric no: N081025 Department of ELL International Islamic University Chittagong Date of submission: 21st January, 2012 Introduction: The coastal areas of Bangladesh are different from rest of the country because of their unique geo-physical characteristics and different socio-political consequences that often limit people’s access to endowed resources and perpetuate risk and vulnerabilities. Bangladesh’s coast is the biggest victim to natural disasters and highly affected by climate change with problems including salinity and water logging, soil erosion, flooding and cyclones. A dramatic increase in the level of interest and concern relating to the impact of “Climate Change” on Bangladesh is readily apparent. The consequential high level of visibility of this issue within Government, Civil Society and the international community...
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...Paper The role of science and technology education at network age population for sustainable development of Bangladesh through human resource advancement Gazi Mahabubul Alam Faculty of Education, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. E-mail: gazi.alam@um.edu.my. Tel: +6037967 5077. Fax + 603-7967 5010. Accepted 25 September, 2009 Education is supposed to play a vital role for the development of a nation. Many countries made progression through education. Nevertheless, some of them also failed to retain the development achieved since these countries failed to supply required skilled workforce for emerging economics caused by globalization and rapid change of economic pattern. This now forces policymakers to prioritize the production of skilled manpower that can contribute for sustainable development. The countries that achieved sustainable development have given a high priority to science and technology education in formulating education policy. Bangladesh has no more alternatives in order to gain development, except properly utilizing its population. Bangladesh’s economy and human development could have grown faster than its actual progression in the last 25 years (that is, since independence in 1971), if it had earlier taken substantial steps in educational development. This paper has defined a ‘network age population’ for Bangladesh. This paper also suggests that this population is required to provide science and technology based education with...
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...TRANSFORMATION OF AGRICULTURE IN NORTH-WESTERN BANGLADESH: EXPLORING THE VULNERABILITIES OF THE POOR PEOPLE’S LIVELIHOOD AND ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE Dr. A.N.K. Noman Professor, Department of Economics University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh Email: noman_eco@yahoo.com & Md. Shafikuzzaman Joarder Lecturer, Department of Sociology University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh Email: shafikuzzaman@gmail.com Black Ice Software, Inc. Demo version EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Process of transformation of agriculture in Northern Bangladesh has been going on for more than a decade. The nature of transformation could be characterized as the transformation of rice fields into mango orchards. This is changing the very basic characteristics of the socio -economic activities as well as life style of the people in this area. There are several reasons which are guiding transformation process from the behind. Among different reasons, economic as well as environmental factors are the key behind the transformation. This transformation has very significant impact on production of rice, the staple food for the country and at the same time, on the livelihood of huge mass of population living in this area dependent on agriculture. Production of rice is the principal and the only economic activity; people of this area are dependent on. Considering the degree and intensity of change as well as its impact on the socio -economic life of landless agricultural laborers and marginal farmer, this study focused on four...
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